well, it's just so happened that frederick law, mr. park, was in california at the time after, co-designing and superintending central park. he had moved he was a very pro unionist fellow. he had moved to become the head of the u.s. sanitary commission, a precursor to the red cross, which did terrific work for the boys in blue, supplying them nurses and crutches and bandages and even a little amenities to make their lives as soldiers a little easier. everything from books to brandy and maybe sometimes books and brand. and after that, he kind of burned out on job. he did it very well. he got the sanitary commission up and running, but he had some conflicts with the states, some the states wanted their money and their bandages and their whatever to go to their boys only. so the michiganders, for example, wanted all their contributions to go to the michigan regiments. and olmstead, just as i said, being a very strong unions unionist, wanted this all to be one united effort. and he didn't want this to be divided up that way. and there were

and for for just for frederick douglas to say well lincoln bridge to say that impressed frederick douglass very profoundly as well. it might and it wouldn't have sounded out a place in the in the mouth of a presbyterian minister say reflecting on on the nation's ordeal of the war. but for a president to say that is truly extraordinary and i think that douglas is understanding of that and how how radical it was and how deep it was and how how much it reflected his sense of justice and his compassion for blacks i think is truly remarkable and therefore that that paragraph deserves to be more carefully scrutinized than the more famous final that immediately follows it thank you for calling our attention to it and thank you for reading it. noah feldman the second inaugural. i strongly agree with michael and his emphasis on that paragraph. i would say that that paragraph amounts to what we would call the political theology of the united states and a political theology is the use of religious ideas distinctively religious ideas to explain political events and to give them meaning and i think wha

and that's frederick douglass. and we've been talking a lot about frederick douglass, recently, especially since david blight wrote that brilliant lincoln prize winning biography a few years ago, frederick douglass has moved back to the front of the conversation. so i want to talk about douglass a little bit, and maybe use some of the last of our time to dig deep on frederick douglass and abraham lincoln. now, they may have had the most controversial relationship, i think, of any african american historical figure and lincoln. i've seen the exact same quotes from douglass used to prove that douglass liked lincoln, or hated lincoln. so before we talk about the specific meetings or anything like that, can you tell us about, what do we think, or what have we thought about douglass and lincoln, why has that been so controversial? >> that is a great question. i think that a lot about what we think about douglass and lincoln comes from douglass's speech at the dedication of the lincoln statue in washington, d. c., which

abraham lincoln and frederick douglass and how their lives intersected.ir legacies in many respects are understood attack in the ongoing war on american history today. that is the balcony where john wilkes booth jumped from and out the back door to briefly get away. abraham lincoln was taken across the street where he would take his last breath. this is a story about how both men lived and an effort to make america a more perfect union. you have to start at their humble beginnings. lincoln group in abject poverty. he spent his day us grinding on the family farm. with just one year of public education and a dad who viewed education as a waste of time. he became a respected lawyer and politician and eventually the 16th president of the united states, and doing nothing short of saving our nation. frederick douglass had it a whole lot worse. he never knew his parents. he was born a slave. he had to escape to establish his freedom. but he wanted freedom for himself and freedom for all. frederick douglas shared lincoln's thirst for education finding a way to le

and i told this person about this meeting with frederick douglass. in freeing the slaves in this way. before lincoln's out of office it has nothing to do with winning the war it has nothing to do with military necessity has everything to do with spreading freedom and douglas recognized that in this moment that lincoln's heart was fully in emancipation and then the third meeting very briefly is on march 4th 1865 after lincoln's second inaugural inauguration. they go back to the white house for a party douglas shows up with an african american woman. they try to go in the guards won't let them in finally douglas is able to get in and he realizes that the guards are very quickly taking him to another exit and he demands to be able to see lincoln and lincoln he tells someone go tell the president that frederick douglass is here and lincoln comes over. so there's my friend douglas and lincoln asks douglas. what did you think of my speech and douglas so you don't care what i think and and lincoln says there's no man. who's who's opinion? i'd rather have an

and i told this person about this meeting with frederick douglass. in freeing the slaves in this way. before lincoln's out of office it has nothing to do with winning the war it has nothing to do with military necessity has everything to do with spreading freedom and douglas recognized that in this moment that lincoln's heart was fully in emancipation and then the third meeting very briefly is on march 4th 1865 after lincoln's second inaugural inauguration. they go back to the white house for a party douglas shows up with an african american woman. they try to go in the guards won't let them in finally douglas is able to get in and he realizes that the guards are very quickly taking him to another exit and he demands to be able to see lincoln and lincoln he tells someone go tell the president that frederick douglass is here and lincoln comes over. so there's my friend douglas and lincoln asks douglas. what did you think of my speech and douglas so you don't care what i think and and lincoln says there's no man. who's who's opinion? i'd rather have an

frederick on september the 13th, the army of the potomac begins to close up on frederick and occupy the town, some of the troops arriving arrive south of the town. including the 27th indiana. they march into the fielder cost them moxie. river in march into the. feel the regiment stacks arms. as i stop arms, some of the ngos in the regiment look down and see an envelope laying on the ground. pick up the avila. there are three straws on it. and a piece of paper wrapped around. i have to tell, you this is pretty weird. i do not think the army of northern virginia issued our orders from army headquarters and envelope's wrapped around cigars. or orders wrapped around a cigar. very strange. but be that as it may, they find a piece of paper. special orders would normally one. they are the orders from army headquarters to -- everybody points fingers as to who lost this thing. i do not think this entire affair reflects very well on the way they did business at the army of northern virginia headquarters. they should have known that that order, there should have been a receipt that came back. the

and i paraphrase one soldier when they left frederick, he called frederick a -- yankee whole. so anyway, the the second part of your question, which was with lee and and mcclellan how much did is his men from mcclellan impact his decision? oh, the campaign fight was to i think that was a part of i think there was a part of it. but i think that, you know, with other commanders that that lee had faced. i mean, look, hooker hooker was a very officer and he executed this brilliant campaign plan, the beginning of chancellorsville, and least ill takes this tremendous risk against him. lee, is this he's a risk taker and he's an opportunist. so i think he may have tried this with other commanders as well, although i do definitely believe he any good commander takes their measure of the other side. wellington did of napoleon. napoleon did of wellington and of blucher. they all knew one another. they all knew their their strengths and their weaknesses. and they all tried to seek to exploit them. and i think that leaves no different. he knows mcclellan pretty from this campaign on the pe

frederick and his rifle polar bears could be anywhere here real ones this time. this is the best thing to have with you when it go outside this town. no secret trick to scare them away. you know as to the different kinds of bears in the world. the black bear shall brown bash and white bears on that says that the if it's brown lay, though, if it's black fight back, if it's white goodnight due to the permafrost, all of the homes here are built on stilts. it's practically impossible to raise lie, stock or farm. still someone was brave enough to try benjamin bit. martin a chef from the us power some green. finally, he plans herbs and vegetables and his polar greenhouse. mm hm. you can't even taste the arctic. i as i go to a guy, benjamin 1st came a small bird back in 2007 and fell in love with the place. the only problem was the lack of greens. i wasn't happy with the food situations. you know, you pay 50 kronos for iceberg lattice. that's a lot of money for an iceberg lettuce, and i'm thinking home, i would never even eat this. i wouldn't even needed. somebody gave

documentarian stanley nelson discusses the enduring relevance of harriet tubman and frederick douglass, plus much more. announcer: this is the "pbs newshour" from w eta studios in washington and in the west from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. amna: president biden's executive action today on marijuana convictions and regulations is this administration's most significant action on drug reform. laura baran lopez has more. laura: president biden laid out three steps to and what he called a failed approach. he announced that pardons for past district of columbia convictions for marijuana possession, a call for governors to take the same action for state-level convictions, and he directed federal agencies to review whether marijuana should be classified as one of the most dangerous drugs under federal law. mark osler is a professor at the university of st. paul. out of this announcement, what is the piece of it that could have the biggest impact? >> probably the talk about rescheduling marijuana. the pardon will impact a relatively small number of peop

frederick, antietam, manassas. they've been through enough of that. yet, meade no sooner got to frederick on the 7th and 8th of july than general hal accent him a message from the president. the presidents congratulating general grant on the surrender of vicksburg and then says, now if meade can finish the glorious work he had accomplished thus far, by the literal or substantial destruction of lee's army, the war will be over. the literal or substantial destruction of lee's army? do you destroy leads army, an army that sophisticated? no. no. meade must have read that dispatch with some dismay. the bar of success was now way up here. on the night of the 13th of july, lee evacuated those trenches. he had built a pontoon bridge across the potomac and falling waters. took him 68 hours to build an 800 foot span of bridges. and got that army across the potomac. to stretch s ha absolutely remarkable story to be -- and what does lincoln say? meade had only to stretch out his hands and they were hours. a golden opportunity, he said, of destroying a lease army

mead no, sooner got to frederick on the 7th and 8th of july. then then general halek sent him a message from the president. where the president is congratulating general grant on the surrender of vicksburg and then says now if mead can finish the glorious work he had accomplished thus far by the literal or substantial destruction of lee's army. the war will be over. that literal or substantial destruction of lee's army. do you destroy lee's army and army that's sophisticated. no. mead must have read that dispatch with some dismay suddenly the bar of his success was now way up here. on the night of the 13th of july lee evacuated those trenches. he had built upon pontoon bridge's across the potomac and falling waters took him 68 hours to build a 800 foot spans of bridges and got that army across the potomac. it's an absolutely remarkable story to be and and what is what is lincoln say? mead had only to stretch out his hands and they were ours. a golden opportunity. he said of destroying lee's army was squandered. mead wanted to let lee escape, so

were attacked hundreds of times for pushing abolition of slavery and the leader of frederick douglass was almost killed and a riot in indiana when he attended to speak so it was right on paper but not enforced until world world one which brought this whole attack on free speech to a combination when we started throwing people in jail for being against the war and speaking against the war, saying anything critical of woodrow wilson, the president would will wilson got somebody arrested by feds and prosecute more than 2000 prosecution, more than 1000 convictions more people suffered the leader of the socialist party0 jane debs, ten years in jaillr and already three time candidate for president but didn't stop him from being put inea the federal penitentiary. it was in reaction to that civil liberties meltdown people primarily lawyers in the beginningpe began to speak out about the importance of free speech and aclu sounded in 1920 but even then it was a long ghfight in the decade. >> one of the major themes has been talking last week, you were joking is k the first book you'e written. f

but imagine, they -- have march from virginia all the way to frederick. and now they're going another 30 miles to carol county, maryland. as meade gets there, he sees the layout, sees the big pike creek. in fact, his headquarters tents are pitched at middle berg. and you can see middle berg right here in the middle. right there in the middle. you can go visit middlebury today. it looks like it did in 1863. you can go visit union town and it's exactly like it was in 1863. union mills is the same. it is expands down that way if you ask me. he reaches metal bar. they pitches tent on the kuhn farm and the kuhn farm overlooked big by kirk. and he saw the bluffs behind them. that trigger had to be the triggered him to say what else is on this? we'll be flying down towards union mills. those bluffs are like 100 feet above this creek. they taper down to 50 as you get past middle berg. but still, 25 feet. if you're on the 25 foot and the other guys are below it, then you are in better shape. the objects now is should i form a defense line along pike creek which sh

the famous wives of the hater frederick ii practiced wit, inventing for the anti-prussian coalition,om of which the union of three petticoats was the most decent, angry ladies started a war that will go down in history under the name of seven years will become one of the largest wars in europe, russia entered the war immediately. after austria in 1757, several battles in east prussia forced friedrich to tell the russian soldier that it was not enough to kill him, he must also be knocked down and the russian soldiers almost completely destroyed his army. east prussia received the status of a russian province. its population swore new moles 3 years after the start war russian troops. although they took berlin for a short time, a year later the position of king frederick became catastrophic. but suddenly hostilities stopped. on christmas eve , december 24, 1761, did elizabeth realize that she was dying? all her life she was terribly afraid, even the word death, but now she was completely calm the empress confessed and took communion peacefully said goodbye to her family and friends mana

lies farther north in time for a 1st look around, but i'd rather go when the company of my guide, frederick broberg, and his rifle polar bears could be anywhere here. real ones this time. this is the best thing to have with you when it go outside this town. no secret trick to scare them away, you know as to different kinds of bears in the world. the black bear shall brown bears on white bears. that says that if it's brown lay, though, if it's black fight back, if it's white, good night due to the permafrost, all of the homes here are built on stilts. it's practically impossible to raise lie, stock or farm. still some one was brave enough to try benjamin bit. martin a chef from the us. power some green. finally. he plans herbs and vegetables and his polar greenhouse. mm hm. you can't even taste the arctic. yeah, you're good. i as i good about it, the guy benjamin 1st came a small barn back in 2007 and fell in love with a place. the only problem was the lack of greens. i wasn't happy with the food situations. you know, you pay 50 kronos for iceberg lattice. that's a lot of money for an iceber

in the end the replica was taken down in massachusetts and frederick douglass' great, great grandsono do anything, put another statue of douglas in the foreground maybe doing something where speaking in front of that statue years later. then i find out in rochester, new york, riots take down the statue of frederick douglass which is really where he spent most of his free life in rochester. i'm thinking to myself what is going on here? it tells you in their day they they were extraordinary people even today. we keep judging people by my our generation instead of the generations they were born. that's all the story i think america needs to hear and i kind of like where we are as a country now. i think we have calmed down, simmered down and learning about these two would only benefit us. >> ainsley: they want to remove the statues because they don't note history. >> brian: they don't know the history and they don't like the depiction. >> steve: they need to read your book obviously because you would learn what each were about. abraham lincoln knew time was up for slavery but he couldn't

which was close to charles frederick worth. so again when he went to paris you would order your downed would provide you with the appropriate access amaze of your gown. perhaps remarkable fan of the group is one of the eye of the artist feathers that have natural eyes to them, very much the same way peacocks have eyes to their feathers. but this one is so extraordinary in the way the feathers are crafted but it almost looks as if they are hand painted but they are not. that's the way they come from the bird and tortoise shell sticks. finally a fan that is far more delicate. it is of white foul feathers with peacock eyes at the top. of the finest hand carved ivory that was carved in china. >> there are a lot of great paintings of women in this exhibition, some by america's others by french or italian. the french artists were coming to the united states to do fashion portraits, society portraits. our in many cases they were coming to paris to have their gowns fitted and they started while stopped at cartier to buy their jewelry w

frederick douglass met with lincoln constantly throughout the war. he was consistently advocating for allowing black americans to participate. freeman, enslaved people, taking them on, paying them equally. he was advocating at all, at all times, for the advancement of black americans through the war effort. stating that he they had just as much as stake as white americans. they had to be, because they were americans. they were part of america. they built america. they were part of the wealth creation of america. so all of the wealth in the south, frederick douglass was coming off of the backs of enslaved people. they were making america a reality. if anyone had a stake as americans, it was black americans. this was a delicate line for lincoln. he came to realize that, along with the agitation of various abolitionists, generals, philanthropists, civilians, he was constantly getting advice from everybody. this is back in a time when presidents like lincoln still meet with people on a week to week basis and hear from the public. it's a very different co

frederick douglass said speech is precious particularly for the oppressed. that is not something that is well understood by many today. we were really so successful in protecting free speech in the 50s and 60s. primarily as a result of the struggles of the civil rights movement in the antiwar movements. most of the abuses that occurred during that period are not happening today. after trump was elected the women's march happened without incident and half a million women showed up in d.c. women around the country. there were no laws to restrict them or to prevent them from t speaking even though not that long ago the suffragists were thrown in prison for making the same kinds ofum claims. we have seen students walk out of classes to protest gun violence. and of course we saw the george floyd approach us which was h te largest in american history. and the reasons those came off for the most part peacefully that it is now widely recognized this is speech that is protected. and it must be allowed to be heard. so we are very fortunate we are the beneficiaries of

h, who went from coaching boys, football to teaching young men live, frederick push each of the siege of sarajevo on al jazeera ah al jazeera. with chapel, a sense of belonging, sensitive, we always look for ways to be together. and the everyday heroes keeping communities together. that is tough, leper is transforming every day in the 1st part of the new series. oh, just you. a visits is stopped by lava in mexico city, where locals are turning a notorious municipality into an urban utopia. a sense of community on a jazeera growing up in england country with a rich football history. the welcome is always meant a great deal to me. and so many memories of watching the torment that have gone from being a child. watching games on my side, actually presenting at a wildcard. it really is a dream come true. this is going to be a really unique walk up. we haven't seen anything like this before, so i can't even imagine what is going to be like being immersed in it as a fun. and as a john left, the drama thousands of fans packing on the stadium. gonna be really, really exciting. ah.

with the next morning i prepared to make an expedition frederick fro back, takes me to one of the nearby fjords. ah, he wants to show me the wall of the 2, no brain tidewater glacier. ah, every time you come to a small boat or get out in nature, the light is different and that makes it very special because it's like seeing a new place every time it without. i'm truly impressed with long here being the northernmost town on earth. ah! the steamboat takes me now from god, a boy to my son. the shut vian is the oldest ship edris white fleet. it was built in 1879, but 140 years slater. the engine is still running smoothly. now of a town of mice and comes in sight with its vineyards and castle hill at the markets wherein mason there is also a fountain kiddish of just like and dressed. in addition, narrow streets and lots of wine bars. by the way, the 1st vignette and saxony was documented here and my son, 850 years ago. and then again climbing stairs. but i'm already used the beth. oh, the mice and to feed root is 80 meters high. and 800 years old. the 2nd attraction up here is the i wastes boo

frederick grant is living in washington living in new york. his father has died. he's gone back into the army. he knows teddy roosevelt because they were on the police commission. they helped clean up new york's police department. and fred had out of the army to help his father and then to nurse his father and help him his memoirs when he died, help him through the bankruptcy which was a humiliation, fred goes back into the army. and i'm sure that between l'heureux to secretary of war and teddy roosevelt as bellicose vice president they helped get made a general mckinley made him a general he wrote to mrs. grant and i still have that letter saying, oh, i have a secret. i'm making your son, a general. and then he got to puerto rico for the spanish-american and then to the philippines. so his career around and what does he do is he goes to his friend teddy roosevelt when he becomes president, says, my son is just about to graduate from west point because mckinley, using a deathbed letter from u.s. grant, made my grandfather go to west point in 1899, and then he gets

all of the original fossils even the smallest fragments will be used. frederick spin blood locates the right place in the plastic bones than cuts out the exact size hole and sticks the original fragment to the plastic section. the team needs more than 9 weeks to complete. this task, the larger sections are more complicated. here, part of the pelvis is made of plastic. while the section being placed on top is an original fossil wing 20 kilos. exulting passes in the bone doesn't completely match the plastic section. so we have to see how we can position at best. there are always inconsistencies. i'm titles has you never get a 100 percent match from when we make a plan of what we need to correct later. so that we can align all the elements to find their best position. that's best deposits or infants. they use polyester resin to attach the sections. it's a very powerful adhesive that works well, both on stone and plastic. that's essential, given the weight of the stone sections. yeah, this is good. a few weeks later a local metal working company is brought in on the project. the family bus

all of the original fossils, even the smallest fragments will be used. frederick chin blood locates the right place and the plastic bones then cuts out the exact size hole and sticks the original fragment to the plastic section. the team needs more than 9 weeks to complete this task. the larger sections are more complicated. here, part of the pelvis is made of plastic. while the section being placed on top is an original fossil wing 20 kilos. x often passes in the bone doesn't completely match the plastic section. so we have to see how we can position at best. there are always inconsistencies. i'm typing. you never get a 100 percent match from i. we make a plan of what we need to correct later. so that we can align all the elements to find their best positions. we spent the best deposits or infants. they use polyester resin to attach the sections. it's a very powerful adhesive that works well, both on stone and plastic. that's essential, given the weight of the stone sections. yeah, this is good. a few weeks later, a local metal working company is brought in on the project. the family b