you see his relationship with frederick douglass. douglas said lincoln was the only white man he ever encountered who made him feel comfortable. aaider lincoln's second inaugurl address frederick douglass went to the white house for reception and was held up in line because he was black. he gets in and when lincoln sees him he goes up to him and says mr. ip uglas, there's no person whose opinion i value more than yours. what did you think of the speech? he said was a sacred effort. because of emancipation not for the first time in the united states our military became a great foct te for liberation. thousands of slaves flocked to it. the front lines of the union army became great moving camps of freedmen. at an end of the war when lincoln entered a bombed out richmond word began to spread that he was there and you had a black laborers coming out. the whites of richmond were not so thrilled. they said praise the lord. they fell on thhhr knees in front of lincoln and he had to say don't kneel to me. you must neil to god only and thank

frederick douglass went to the white house for a reception. want to let him in because he was black. he gets in. when lincoln sees him, he goes up and says, mr. douglass, there is no person i value -- whose opinion i value more than yours, what did you think of the speech in he said, i think it was a sacred effort. because of the emancipation our cuventry became a great force for liberation. thousands of slaves glocked -- flocked to it. the front lines of the union army became a great moving camps of freedmen. at the end of the war, when lincoln entered a bombed out richmond, word began to spread that he was there and you had all the black laborers coming out, the whites in richmond weren't so thrilled. they came out and they said praise the lord and fell on their knees in front of lincoln, and he said, don't kneel to me, that's not right, kneel to god only and thank him for the libeyo enjoy. we shouldn't sugar coat lincoln, he had the racial at tutesdz of his time. you can see in the course of his administration his mind change. the reason it

washington and george washington carver, but she lectured about the contribution of frederick douglass, w.e.b. dubois, and how jackie robinson dubois, and how jackie robinson had broken the baseball barrier.

washington and george washington carver, but she lectured about the contribution of frederick douglass, w.e.b. dubois, and how jackie robinson had broken the baseball barrier. and we remembered the opera singer who was not allowed to sing in the hall and had to sing in lincoln center. all the discrimination and the local in justices. like, everything was separate and unequal. the school was inadequate. we could not go to the hospitals. they built a house adjacent to the main hospital. the white people were not supposed to be in the same room with an n-person. you know the n-word? i said to myself at the end of the day that i love my country and i'm glad that that day, i took a stand. i saw through the supreme court that the flaws that america had tried to correct them by removing those horrible signs -- "white" and "colored." i said when i testified at the trial, i went through how we were treated, and the lady dramatize it, so i do not have to go through that, but it is the whole system of separate but unequal. it is understates rights -- is under states' rights. after lincoln had fre

you can see it in his relationship with frederick douglass.ouglas said that he was the only white man he had ever encountered that made him feel comfortable. frederick douglass went to the white house for a reception and people did not want to let him in because he was black. when he is received in the receiving line, he says there is no person whose opinion that he valued more. he called it a sacred effort. not for the first time in the united states, our military became a great force for liberation. the front lines of the union army, at times, became moving camps of freedman. at the end of the war, when lincoln entered richmond, which had been bombed out, word began to spread that he was there. all of the black laborers came out. they fell on their knees in front of lincoln and he had to say -- do not kneel to me, you must meal to god for the liberty that she will hereafter and joy. -- that you will hereafter and joy. we should not sugarcoat him, he had the racial attitudes of his time, but the reason there was such a change was because blac

frederick douglass at a funeral for one of the great abolitionist of boston.a talked-about theodore parker who was a well-known clergymen who lost his congregation because of his radical views. she talked about charles sumner. she worshipped the ground he walked on. and would go to a little soiree. they had won every sunday afternoon. oliver wendell holmes sr. looked at her and said you have how many sisters? she said four. and all as tall as you? he was a very short man. a lot of anecdotes and descriptions of people. she knew henry david thoreau's character several times. after his death she brings him up as the favorite writer of a young man and boosts him because henry david thoreau had been forgotten. emerson and louisa may alcott tried to keep him in public view throughout their lifetime and eventually he was appreciated but he died with 700 copies of merrimack river in his room because he hadn't sold them. he was quite neglected for years. there's an essay called henry david thoreau called walking which is one of the more famous ones. the companion he is

and cuba, and in america, the novel particularly inspiring to african americans, the ex-slave frederick douglass cited no one had done more for black people in america than harriet beecher stowe. how could it be a catalyst for civil rights? after all, that's not how most people today see the novel. the title character, uncle tom has box a by-word for a spineless sellout, someone who betrays his own race. we tend to think of the novel of an old-fashioned sentimentsal affair that teaches the deaths of the enslaved black man and his blond angelic child friend, but this view, this negative view is egregiously inaccurate and does a gross injustice to uncle tom's cabin. he's actually a muscular dig mid man in his 40s notable precisely because of his not have betrayeded his race. one reason he passes up to chance to escape the kentucky plantation is he doesn't want to put his fellow slaves in dangerrings and later on endures a brutal whipping that leads to his death because he refuses to tell his master where two enslaved black women are hiding. as for little ava, she bravely accepts her coming death a

frederick douglass at a funeral for one of the great abolitionist in boston. about theodore parker, who was a very well-known clergyman or actually had lost his congregation because of his radical views. she talks about charles sumner. she just worship the ground sumner walked on and you know she will go to a littles for a. theater of parker had won every afternoon and she describes oliver wendell holmes sr. looked up at her and said, i hear you have how many sisters are there? she said for and he said and all his tall as you? a very short man, so she does have a lot of antic notes and descriptions of people. she uses thoreau as a character a number of times and in one of her later books long after thoreau was dead, she brings him out as the favorite writer of the young man and kind of boost him. thoreau had been forgotten and really emerson and louisa alcott tried to keep him in public view. throughout their lifetimes and eventually he was appreciated, but he died was something like over 700 copies of the week on the merrimack river in his room because he had

before then behalf men like frederick douglass who in his biography noted that when he went to london and was a guest of the texas, afterwards, as you know, in england, americans who would, you know, refuse to shake his hand. ascham. >> right. right. right. douglas and others found racism not nearly as pervasive in britain as they did indeed do -e united states. >> planned to become a doctor and practiced medicine in italy she left the north feeling persecuted in wrote about that once she reached england to and became friends. she said that she felt her colored mostly around her neck. not in england. >> right. on the other hand, i don't think you would probably say there is no racism in england. >> you could never. you would be silly. it existed. >> a different story in a way. at the same time as the american civil war, may be more of a coincidence. events are taking place in jamaica which are reinforcing a kind of racist few. right after the american civil war ended they had with the call the bay rebellion in jamaica where it is a sort of conflict between the former slaves and white

you can see his deep humanity in his relationship with frederick douglass.ncoln was the only white man he had encountered who made him feel comfortable. after lincoln's second inaugural address, douglas was held up in line. people did not want to let him andbecause he was black, - lincoln said, what did you think about the speech? he said, it was a sacred effort. because of the emancipation, not for the first time in the united states, our military became a great source for liberation. thousands of slaves flocked to it. the front lines became great moving camps of friedman, and at the end of the war when lincoln entered bombed out in richmond, word began to spread that he was there, and you have laborers coming out. the whites of richmond were not so thrilled. they fell on their knees in front of lincoln, and he had to say, do not kneel to me. you must neil to god only and thank him for the liberty you will enjoy. we should not sugarcoat of lincoln. he has the racial attitudes of his time, but you can see slowly during his administration his mind change, and

when it comes to black history month we have our black people i love them all, frederick douglass and martin luther king, put your head down. she just did. the point is this. we have black people who people don't know who are so important. par la harris in new york. a phenomenal woman. this brother who is a philanthropist, a leader who is phenomenal. st. john, television and radio personality in the 1950s. we should resonate with her. she decided to be a broker. the first black woman to pass the new york stock exchange exam. come john now! give the sister some love. [applause] naomi sims. she was just a model. she was also a phenomenal -- mary ann dragons, black woman on wall street. i list these people because it is important. we don't want to just say we have static figures. we have dynamic human beings we might walk across at the starbucks. that for you, the work you have done around your antecedent is important. it is very important for us to be clear that economic history is the history must love and lift it up. >> i want to close that because i have a disconnect. a believe in ce

frederick douglass said we should have 40 acres and a mule. and then king underscores that's not like ancient memory. they haven't given us anything. after making our forebears work and labor for 244 years and king says you hear him through the jeer and for nothing. didn't pay him a cent and your young black boys and our young white boys are supposed to fight together in vietnam and when they come back home, they can't even live on the same block. a few weeks earlier, and this is just months before his death, as he was running across the black belt in the buildup to the poor people's march, king came back to that. and he said, oh, each individual has certain rights. all men are created equal. he says oh, that's beautiful. america never lived up to that. the man who wrote that owned slaves and king then launched a devastating chronicle of the captive black nation. he said did you know that even before slavery, the white man sought to exterminate the indian. racism is very deep. they destroyed indigenous people. usually he hedges and not all whi

before then we have very interesting accounts by men like frederick douglass who in his autobiography noted that when he went to london and was a guest of the duchess of sutherland said afterwards, as you know, in england americans who would, you know, refuse to shake his hand in america would ask him for an introduction to the duchess. right, right, right. douglass and others, as you say, found racism not nearly as pervasive in britain as they did this united states, including in the northern united states. >> guest: that's right. the fascinating figure who i think -- >> host: black abolitionist woman. >> guest: exactly. who trained to become a doctor and, ultimately, practiced medicine in the italy, she left the forth north feeling, you know, really persecuted and wrote about that once she reached england where she became a friend of feminists and others. and said that, you know, she felt her color to be a chain around her neck in new york where she was kicked off endless trams and that kind of thing. but not in england. >> host: right. on the other hand, i don't think you would pro

the ex-slave, frederick douglass, for example, maintainedded no one had done more for the progress of black people in america than harriet beecher stowe. how could uncle tom's cabin become a catalyst for civil rights? after all, that's not how most people today see the novel. through title character, uncle tom has become a by word for a spineless sell out, someone who betrays his own race. we tend to think of the novel as an old-fashioned sentimental affair that features the death of an enslaved black man and is blond angelic child friend, little eva, but this negative view of the novel is egregiously inaccurate and does a gross injustice to uncle tom's cabin. uncle tom in the novel is actually a muscular dignified man in his 40s who is notable precisely because he does not betray his race. one reason he passes up a chance to escape from his kentucky plantation is that he doesn't want to put his fellow slaves in danger, and later on, he endures a brutal whipping which leads to his death because he refuses to tell his master where two enslaved black women are hiding. as for little eva,

frederick douglass called it a hell black act of revenge. the secretary of war says, as he does now, he belongs to the ages. as lincoln. four point very quickly about lincoln. i would like to cast this forward a little bit. who else doing of the comes from relatively humble roots that has a great sense of humor and a kindhearted man who is a talented writer? anyone? ronald reagan. his father was an alcoholic and he was not living on the frontier, but he describes having to drag of his father of the front porch. he hated nuclear weapons. lincoln was famous for pardoning deserters because he didn't want to kill these poor kid. his advisers feared that if there was ever a nuclear attack of the united states, he would not retaliate because he could not bring himself to cause that kind of mass murder. we know that reagan rode his own radio scripts and of course, he had a wonderful sense of humor. one of my favorite stories comes from when he was governor. this was in the 60's. his advisers want him to avoid these demonstrators, they were going ou

the reading material for the reading standards include martin luther king's speeches, frederick douglassa concern. i am sorry to hear the student in arizona did not know who marcus garvey was. i do not think that is generally a problem where we are neglecting vast areas of our history. host: we hear from a teacher next from chattanooga, tenn.. ken? caller: the first time i heard george bush say a " no child left behind," i understood the weakness behind that idea. it would be impossible to achieve 100%. we understand that in almost any other area. we have the factory line education model. we do not expect that in the factories either. it may be a good call, but cannot be achieved. my question is, is there any discussion of the problem in dealing with the huge variety of students? 18 is a better class size than 35. in our state, 35 is the class limit. the formula for hiring teachers is the number of students/35. that guarantees everybody maximum class load. special education students are included with different demands. modifications are made for those students. many have to teach paralle

when it comes to black history month we have our black people i love them all, frederick douglass andmartin luther king, put your head down. she just did. the point is this. we have black people who people don't know who are so important. par la harris in new york. a phenomenal woman. this brother who is a philanthropist, a leader who is phenomenal. st. john, television and radio personality in the 1950s. we should resonate with her. she decided to be a broker. the first black woman to pass the new york stock exchange exam. come john now! give the sister some love. [applause] naomi sims. she was just a model. she was also a phenomenal -- mary ann dragons, black woman on wall street. i list these people because it is important. we don't want to just say we have static figures. we have dynamic human beings we might walk across at the starbucks. that for you, the work you have done around your antecedent is important. it is very important for us to be clear that economic history is the history must love and lift it up. >> i want to close that because i have a disconnect. a believe in cel

self-made african-american of the 20th century, and that's a huge tradition because we have got frederick douglasswe've got david walker, we've got harriet tubman, and these self-made black men and women talked about self-determination. so the bulk of that book is a dramatic example of the way in be which malcolm's call for political determination was also reflected in his personal life. because his family are actually pioneers of black nationalism sent to omaha, nebraska, and who are run out of omaha, nebraska, by racial terrorists, by white supremacists who are eventually run out of lansing. and his father is killed and lynched in lansing. so when we think about malcolm x, malcolm x transforms himself over time based on the situation that he finds himself in. he finds himself growing up in an america where small d democracy does not exist, and even though he joins the nation of islam and talks about armageddon and says that the whole country is doomed, malcolm spends the rest of his life trying to transform these institutions even to the point, like sonia sanchez said, when he becomes this human

when it comes to black history month we have our black people i love them all, frederick douglass and luther king, put your head down. she just did. the point is this. we have black people who people don't know who are so important. par la harris in new york. a phenomenal woman. this brother who is a philanthropist, a leader who is phenomenal. st. john, television and radio personality in the 1950s. we should resonate with her. she decided to be a broker. the first black woman to pass the new york stock exchange exam. come john now! give the sister some love. [applause] naomi sims. she was just a model. she was also a phenomenal -- mary ann dragons, black woman on wall street. i list these people because it is important. we don't want to just say we have static figures. we have dynamic human beings we might walk across at the starbucks. that for you, the work you have done around your antecedent is important. it is very important for us to be clear that economic history is the history must love and lift it up. >> i want to close that because i have a disconnect. a believe in celebrati

when it comes to black history month we have our black people i love them all, frederick douglass andmartin luther king, put your head down. she just did. the point is this. we have black people who people don't know who are so important. par la harris in new york. a phenomenal woman. this brother who is a philanthropist, a leader who is phenomenal. st. john, television and radio personality in the 1950s. we should resonate with her. she decided to be a broker. the first black woman to pass the new york stock exchange exam. come john now! give the sister some love. [applause] naomi sims. she was just a model. she was also a phenomenal -- mary ann dragons, black woman on wall street. i list these people because it is important. we don't want to just say we have static figures. we have dynamic human beings we might walk across at the starbucks. that for you, the work you have done around your antecedent is important. it is very important for us to be clear that economic history is the history must love and lift it up. >> i want to close that because i have a disconnect. a believe in cel

frederick douglass said that power is never accountable, and must use force it to be accountable, regardless of what the -- unless you force it to be accountable, regardless of the political conditions. there is ample notice taken, there are signs of that, and there is that spirit. there is a great deal to learn. movements in non-democracies can be learned from to be taken as needed, as the civil rights movement was in the united states 40 or 50 years ago. so, those campaigns can be seen in the united states as well. >> i will pick that up. it is a shame i cannot come in fighting with my fellow panelist, but i like that 80% figure -- 8% spontaneity. i think that is a good characterization. think of it as a strain that has burst, and there are globs debt clanged together, but the fact is what happened then was spontaneous, and the people in that spontaneous movement were lots of little pieces of organization, many of them frustrated for not been effected in the past. they are now looking out for who their friends are, who they agree with, who they want to coalesce with, and what kind of movem

self-made african-american of the 20th century, and that's a huge tradition because we have got frederick douglass we've got david walker, we've got harriet tubman, and these self-made black men and women talked about self-determination. so the bulk of that book is a dramatic example of the way in be which malcolm's call for political determination was also reflected in his personal life. because his family are actually pioneers of black nationalism sent to omaha, nebraska, and who are run out of omaha, nebraska, by racial terrorists, by white supremacists who are eventually run out of lansing. and his father is killed and lynched in lansing. so when we think about malcolm x, malcolm x transforms himself over time based on the situation that he finds himself in. he finds himself growing up in an america where small d democracy does not exist, and even though he joins the nation of islam and talks about armageddon and says that the whole country is doomed, malcolm spends the rest of his life trying to transform these institutions even to the point, like sonia sanchez said, when he becomes this huma

frederick douglass said power is never accountable unless you force it to be accountable regardless of what the political conditions are. i think there will be ample notice being taken. there are some signs of that and there is that spirit and a great deal to learn and most of the movement's i mentioned can be learned that have been successful in nondemocracies can be learned from so campaigns and movements can be undertaken as needed as the civil-rights movement was in the united states 50 years ago so the campaign's can be seen in democracies as well. >> i will pick that up. it is a shame i can't come in fighting with my fellow panelists. i like the 80% figure. eighty% spontaneity. a good characterization, think of it as a stream or a dam that flows out and there are blobs and things like that together but what happened in that spontaneous movement with lots of little pieces of organization, many of them frustrated for not be ineffective in the past are looking out with who are our friends? who do we agree with? who do we want to coalesce with? what kind of movement will we build up?

there is a quotation from frederick douglass that was in my longer paper but i think it reflects the concern for property rights you see in the history of civil rights and, i think it's something that we could call learn today about the application of property rights, regardless of economic class. we hold that civil government to be solemnly bound to protect the weak against the strong, the oppressed against the oppressor, the few against the many and secure the humblest subject in the full poe possession of his rights as person and of property, all right? he was not refering to slave owners there. he believed that was man stealing. that was theft of legitimate property or people that owned themselves in effect. go to the next slide please. now this is the presentation that jim para gave, who is a developer in montgomery. i wish you could see it a little bit better but he showed on a map the demolitions through this section 115346 b-1, in a single year. many were in a small area of montgomery's most heavily black areas including rosa parks old neighborhood which is in that area. now