and for that we're going to deal with frederick jackson turner in 1893 frederick jackson turner as a historian at the university of wisconsin delivered. well lecture about the frontier the census bureau in 1890 had said there was no longer a frontier and one of the things that turner wanted to talk about was what the frontier had meant in american history. the essentially argued that america doesn't exist without a frontier than america's existence is directly tied to this notion of a frontier. but what is a frontiers i think a fantastic question and in turner's construction of this. basically the frontier in american history has always function as basically a colony. the same way overseas colonies had functioned for european powers. this is how the frontier function for the united states. it was a place for raw materials to be produced. a dedicated market to export finish goods but more importantly it was a safety valve. and people disgruntled at home. we'll move to the colonies on the same way people who are disgruntled on the east coast would move to the frontier. and that process

go east of the blue ridge, even tstonewall jackson wanted him to go west of the blue rleads reasoning to go east of the blue ridge, option omarch up to frederick, maryland, i think it was very. by moving to frederick, he is much closer to washin. c. than baltimore. he places an immediate threat on both of those places. he will pull the union army out of defending washington faster if he goes the gettysburg campaign route. that is his goal. i want to get that army out. out in the open! i want to fight that army. i want to beat it. that is where i'm going to get the political consequences. that victory! lee makes his decision. why does he invade maryland? it is the best move, politically, for the confederates. it is a risk, militarily. as lee will tell james sutton, the confederate secretary of war during the period before the gettysburg campaign. one set and was very concerned about what was going on in vicksburg. he wanted to move part of leaves army out there. lee reminded him, all movements, all decisions in war entail risk. you just have to calculate the risks. lee have calculated the risk. he believes the best option for the confederacy is

jackson or longstreet. special der number one 91. most famous loers of the civil war. what are they? when lee invaded maryland and d up to frederick where the circle is, onight. he got up there he inspected a garrison where red dots, miles, ers ferry. follow the black line and you see why an martin's bergh. two union on. the big one in harpers ferry, a le over 10,000 men. and t one in martin's be they are sitting astride the communication th is gonna need to use when he goes into pennsylvania. you go down the valley, you can't get past these two union garrisons with communication. he has got to clear them out. he thought they would just retreat. when he got up to frederick, they're gonna do the smart thing and pull them out. henry hall like, union general-in-chief, orders those garrisons to stay in place. lee, characteristically, does not see this at the problem. he sees this as an opportunity. let's get them! let's get them! we can get them before the yankee army comes out of washington d.c.. he draws up a very elaborate plan. an extremely complex plan when you consider that these men are all dealing with written communication. t