] [ speaking french ] [ speaking french ] [ speaking french ] [ speaking french ] [ speaking french speaking french ] [ speaking french ] [ speaking french ] lieutenant general christoph cannoli, commanding general u.s. europe, -- u.s. army europe, in the name of the u.s. army. lieutenant general carsten jacobson, commander of the field army and deputy chief of the german army, in the name of the german army. >> we are pleased again to welcome representatives from 5th marine regiment and 6th marine regiment, the two u.s. marine regiments that fought in belleau wood. [ speaking french ] colonel andrew monroe, in the name of the fifth marine regiment. and colonel matthew reid in the name of the sixth marine regiment. >> mister edwin fountain, vice chair of the world war i centennial commission, in the name of the world war i centennial commission. mister steve arnold, manager and in the name of the commonwealth for greatness commission. [ speaking french ] [ speaking french ] [ speaking french ] [ speaking french ] [ speaking french ] major general russell a sanborn, commander u.s. fo

--y lasted french positions they blasted french positions.aid a broad across the river with anything and everything. this tremendous concentration of firepower continued through the night. by the following day troops were able to get across the river. these troops held the bridge until the engineers came up. then, without wasting a moment, the main armored force of the german military machine rolls through. there went the old ball game for the allies. from here on, it was only a matter of how long. hasn't one of the intelligence officers explains the detail. of the breakthrough. actually, the break was a long a front expending -- extending 50 miles. further north, the allied armies of into these positions. the german armies had swept into line at theken the knewl, and for all anyone ne with pairing two/-- preparing to smash against the allied front. on the 14th and 15th it became clear that the german in the greaters strength and that the french ninth army attacked while moving into mission had been shattered. bitout a doubt, this was a of mo

the fighting french.hat two years later, those same flags would again be unfurled in north africa, alongside the stars and stripes, alongside the union jacket. once more, their leaders, general de gaulle and the famous general giraud, stand united in the common cause with the leaders of their allies. once more, the red, white, and blue of france was raised on high. from out of the ashes of defeat and the humiliation of france, her soul has been born again. ♪ marseillais] this sunday on oral histories , we continue our series on women in congress. >> i knew i had to do well. i could not afford not to. -- it cap working hard just kept working on, the campaign is tough work and i admire anybody who goes into it. >> in the weeks ahead we will hear from barbara cannoli, nancy johnson. sunday atd histories, 10 a.m. eastern on american history tv on c-span3. night on q&a, national constitution center president and ceo jeffrey rosen talks about his biography of william howard taft. >> he never learned politics. w

the french army generally holds about 80% of the line when you really look at the war, the french army -- the french army has about 80% of the line. and it's really on the western front, the war is really between the french and the germans going at it. the french lose between 1.2 and 1.3 million men of military age. that would be like us going to war today and losing 11 million men out of -- you know, out of our population. i think the united states' involvement, though pivotal in world war i, is for a very short duration. i think they generally just don't realize the nature of the warfare and how much of our world today is shaped by world war i. let's take a look at the average french soldier, circa period of time, 1917-1918. he's got his double-breasted -- it's horizon blue, which doesn't look like great camouflage today but when you actually go over to fra france and you see the fog rolling in, the darkness of woods, it's actually excellent camouflage. he wears his overcoat with insignia showing his regiment. he's got his adrian helmet, which is standard issue for the french army. h

tanks, french engineers, french flamethrower men to attack this german-held village at cantini.hey're successful at capturing the village. however after that the germans launch a counter attack from number of different directions, but the the troops hold on. that's in one sector, at the very same time, second and third division troops are being rushed to the front along the marne river where they judge that the point of this german offensive is pushing in the direction of paris, they think. the third division is the first actually to enter combat around a little town called chateau thierry, right on the marne river. now the troops who are fighting the germans here and stopping them are from senegal and africa. they're french senegalese troops. american machine gunners from the third division enter into combat, support the senegalese and begin to relegally slow down the german offensive. >> i want to focus on chateau thierry, on a hill overlooking it a lincoln-sized monument to the americans who fought in that region. c-span visited that monument and talked with historian mitchel

most of the equipment that they used beyond their rifles were french designed, french manufactured.nd shipping them overseas was a big issue, because of german submarines. getting them on the ships, getting them to europe. and trying to teach them something about how war had changed in the past couple of decades. world war i was a very different kind of war. the united states had not fought anything like this before. we needed to have some time to adjust. the first army divisions entered the lines and relief of french divisions in the autumn of 1917. there were a number of raids that the germans conducted against the americans. in november 1917. april 1918. we had really been on the defensive, all during that period. now, we are entering on the offensive. >> by may 1918, how many americans are in france? >> well, there are about six divisions that have landed in france. i don't have a number off the top of my head, but it is approaching 400 or 500,000. >> the average american soldier, where did they come from? >> you have a mixture of regular army, marines of course, national guard

the fighting french.ch their colors go, not knowing that two years later, those same flags would again be unfurled in north africa, alongside the stars and stripes, alongside the union jacket. once more, their leaders, general the gall and the famous iro, stand united in the common cause with the leaders of their allies. once more, the red, white, and blue of france was raised on high. from out of the ashes of defeat and the humiliation of france, her soul has been born again. ♪ announcer: you are watching american history tv, 48 hours of programming on american history every weekend on c-span3. follow us on twitter at c-span history for information on our schedule and to keep up with the latest history news. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2018] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] onouncer: at 8:00 eastern c-span's q&a, historian john furling talks about his book, , and theof revolution

about the french army. they were the bulk of the allied force and i found it fascinating to read about it. i was stationed in germany when i was in the army. i visited battlefields. the equipment in the general look of it i thought was pretty neat. also to instruct others. a lot of people, especially in the united states, don't know about the french or the involvement. a lot of people think i'm german. they don't know about the blue uniforms because of the black-and-white photographs so they find that fascinating. in the whole period of the first world war you start out with linear tactics in the french with dark blue overcoats and red trousers much like the civil war. in four short years you have to machine gun that comes into play, tanks, airplanes, poison gas, all this technology. >> what is it like working here? >> it's fascinating. even today you see the scars on the land, like in verdun. you can walk trails and there's still shrapnel laying on the ground, there's so much of it. and the whole place fee

support, and french tanks and french engineers who attacked this german-held village at cantini.y're very successful today in capturing that village. however, after they capture the village, germans launch a counterattack from a number of dwifrnt directions a different directions and they hold on. that's one sector. at the very same time second and third-division troops are being rushed to the front along the river where they launch that the point of the german offensive is pushing in the direction of paris, they think. the third division is the first actually to enter combat right on the marn river. the troops actually fighting the germans here and stopping them are from senegal in africa, they're french-senegalese troops. american machine gunners enter into combat, support the senegalese and begin to really slow down the german offensive. >> i want to focus chateau teri, and overlooking state is a lincoln memorial sized monument to the americans who fought in that region. c-span visited that monument and talked with historian mitchell yakelson about that monument and the americ

used some french-excuse me, british gods. in the british sector, depending on the division they fought. like the -- the u.s. didn't have their own gun until right as the war was ending, and -- before the war ended. what we have is an eight millimeters standard french labelle cartridge. it's the same as all the other french weapons. the bullets were interchangeable between all of them. it came in 24 round strips, and a box of 12. and, -- a well-trained crew, a gunner and a letter, you can keep a steady rate of fire, which was 400 rounds per minute, rate of fire. >> it is considered one of the first modern machine guns and the fact that it was not watercooled, it was air cooled care --. it was gas operated like a modern machine-gun of today. the barrel is the feature of the hospice. to keep away from the barrel, plus the heavy metal of the barrel itself keep the heat away. keep it cool. especially with the gunner firing in bursts. and modern machine guns, help keep the barrel from overheating. we see it below, the gas tube, to

he speaks in french. translated from french:., red cross nurse, on the atmosphere in amiens as 11,000 refugees pass through between 22nd and 27th march 1918. on saturday the 23rd of march, the anxiety became generalised. reading the communiqu s, announcing the progressive withdrawal of the british army, and there were more and more refugees in a lamentable state, making their way through the town and they were frightening number of the inhabitants of amiens, who were already preparing to depart. monday the 25th of march was a day of fear, military equipment from the regions surrounding flooded into amiens either by train or on lorries which were being driven at top speed and increased the terror of the inhabitants of amiens were literally besieging the police stations to get safe passes. the city ‘s banks were feverishly preparing for possible evacuation. there was panic everywhere. on the morning of the 26th of march, the news on the streets was more and more alarming. she speaks in french. (translated from french) an account by

the incident took place in the bay of seine — where, because of french regulations, french boats aren'tcallops until october. but as long as british ships remain north of the red line — more than 12 nautical miles off the french coastline — they are legally entitled to fish in the area. our correspondent sarah ransome is in brixham in devon, which is home to some of the boats involved in the incident which took place last night. they came back late last night backed into harbour here, some of them are lined up alongside and you might be able to to see behind me this blue boat and she was one of the boats that came into port last night with some damage. the crew has been on board this evening and all day in fact checking for repairers and anything else that they might need. now the crew on board tell me the french navy did nothing they say to help when the violence erupted. they are asking for more protection when they go out again and environment secretary michael gove has set his heart goes out to them because they were fishing legally. but that temporary deal brokered a couple of year

this first prayer in french will be by a french chaplain.nse zone of prayers. paris. >> translator: let us pray. lord, our god, 100 years later, we remember these soldiers who died during the belleau wood battle. and all their comrades who died during the first world war. under this ground, so many are sleeping. so far from their farms, from their villages, their neighborhoods and their cities. so many died during the battle, so many gave their lives for others. so many who had no idea what to expect and how tough the fighting would be. we want to thank you for their courage, and their dedication to service. even though they knew death could come any time. they fought. so that justice and freedom would win. lord our god, preserve us from any false peace, preserve us from all evil, hatred and resentment. grant us the same courage, the same sense of responsibility. the same loyalty. we pray for all who have such responsibilities. for our political leaders, for our military leaders, grant them oh lord wisdom and clear understanding in their dec

and the french dispatch reported that their victories electrified the world.he dough boy proved his ability as a fight eastern obvious to all that the constantly increasing for to be the decisive factor in the war. >> you see more than 1800 marines killed during the battle. meanwhile, there was a temporary cemetery up on this ridge. and you can see what the cemetery looked like from this faded photograph. they were provided two of them crosses that were marked by dog . they were around their necks on a lan yard. when a soldier was killed and buried, one of the dog tags was kept around the neck. the other was nailed to the wooden cross for later identification. but as we'll learn when we get to the cemetery, especially going to the chapel. there are more than 1100 names of soldiers and names of soldiers not just who had fought at belleau wood, but other areas around the marne that are missing. we know these individuals and we know their units, but we don't know what happened to them. we can only assume that they were killed and either buried in isolate ed grave

this footage from a french boat shows it colliding with smaller french vessels.hermen say french boats like this surrounded them and started attacking them. just a glimpse of the violent clashes off the coast of normandy in the early hours of tuesday morning. rocks and flares coming across here. right through here? yeah. there was probably about 50, 60 boats around us in the end. do you think our navy should go with you? the only way to deal with it now is to get our navy involved and try and protect us, really. but the french fishermen who got involved are furious. they're banned under french law from fishing in the baie de seine over the summer to preserve stocks. normally a deal is done and larger british boats also stay away. but this year negotiations broke down and the british trawlers moved in. french skippers have had to watch them harvesting these scallop—rich waters just off their coastline, without being able to join in. translation: they have no hours, no quotas, theyjust fill their boats. they come, scrape and leave. they start working a month before

but on the left were french fighting and dying and on the right were the u.s. army.e keep in mind that the battle of belleau wood, an important pitched battle, but on the right, the third brigade u.s. army they were fighting to take villages to the right. they could see each other and will was some mixing between the lines. i try to be fair and balanced, it's an important story to tell. but it's but one of many stories just here in the area. >> when i get especially when i get a group of marines, especially the young marines who come over, they make me feel old now, because i'm pushing 40 mimeself and some of these guys and gals are 19, 20 years old. but they're serving their country. i try to tell a story that i think would really fits for maybe where they are in their military career. so he's buried over this way. his name is walter cornell. most called him cornell. he was a member of the 6th recommendingment. killed day two of the battle here in belleau wood. but that's not really for me the interesting part of the story. that's the factual side of it. what was in

you never see a french flag anywhere, whether it is the french embassy here in the uk or the french embassyor the ambassador‘s residence or indeed any french diplomacy without eight eu flag right next to it. fascinating. we're not a whole rash of stories of the last week or so about what might happen if there is no deal. martin, the ie now saying that police could face a holiday band. there now seems to be concerns about social unrest. no holidays? they are trying to turn all the police into remainers. it all sounds very intuitive. predicated on the idea that there will be some disruption. social unrest, ss. is that because we are leaving or... we cannot get proper supplies of french cheese. -- social unrest- it says. whether you be a result. apparently france is not getting the marks & spencer sandwiches. you know, i love them but i think france will survive if there is a temporary hiatus. there would be riots. let's have a look at some of the other stories that we have got here. the daily mail here, which has got a big campaign about plastic waste, and here now saying that two thirds of p

but soon after it turns out the french had unleashed party from there hundreds of french altars comingtoward washington. he built this ramshackle port which he is proud of that he could withstand the attack the 500 men it was a claptrap like bring it on. the french washington was expecting them to come across anything. brush around what he calls the turning or ending the indian sitting across marching across the battle formation away washington hoped that they went screaming across the pasture. toward the wooded hills i get big open meadow he wanted the timber to build the fort ran into this wooded hill they had easy shots at the fort it was a complete disaster for washington slaughtered it's raining here in the muddy trenches filled with these guys are long dead and they have to surrender it is a huge communication humiliation but still he was kept on given the circumstances that is surprising but one was his amazing bravery he was fearless nobody ever questioned his bravery and also willing to take on huge responsibilities at the age by the time he was he had nearly 1000 of the virgi

the french have beenin these negotiations. the french have been in touch with me.have had in the last five years. they can go to distant and deeper waters, and spend a lot more time at sea. but the smaller boats are affected by the wind, weather and tide. they have a very short window in which they can go to the veda —— out of the bay, it‘s up to the french to kick them out and go elsewhere. they are very small vessels, you saw in that piece, they are vessels, you saw in that piece, they a re less vessels, you saw in that piece, they are less than 50 metres long. they cannot go elsewhere. they are severely restricted. larger vessels, when they benefit from this accord, they can go much further afield and that‘s what we want them to do. they can go much further afield and that's what we want them to do. you call it a fracas. they pose ramming smaller boats looks really dangerous to me? i've looked at the video, i'm a marinerandi to me? i've looked at the video, i'm a mariner and i know the skipper of that big boat, as you call it, he was surrounded by vessels that w

the french navy were there on site and never did a thing. it to the mmo and nothing happened. it just we reported it to the mmo and nothing happened. itjust went on deaf ears. it just went on deaf ears. for a few years a temporary deal on fishing for scallops in those waters has kept a lid on any anger. but talks broke down last summer and french fishermen‘s frustration has boiled over. those negotiating a deal from this side of the channel say it's time for everyone to get back round the table and talk. i need to know precisely what the french now are offering us by way of a settlement in order to get british boats back into those waters or somewhere else, depending on what the dealers. but i need clarification before i actually go to france to talk to them and we come to an arrangement for 2018. in the meantime, the boats are in harbour and repairs are under way. as are discussions on how to calm those suddenly choppy waters in the channel. as you heard, discussions are under way and i have been hearing there has been contact between the f

as the french. as the belgians. as the english. the difference was, we wound up over there for just a year. the rest of europe wound up fighting it for four years. >> the suffering of the soldiers cannot be adequately described here in this trench line. but, it can give you a flavor of what the soldiers endured. along with the gear that we have looked at, this happens to be one of the more common rifles that you would have seen the united states forces carrying. this is the 1903 springfield. 30 ought six caliber. not uncommon to many individuals. this was not the most common rifle issued. actually, the more commonly seen in american hands was the model 17. the .03 was a slightly writer -- lighter rifle. it had very good accuracy. five round magazines. >> bolt action fed. and, this was the soldier's best friend during the war. the bayonet. fits right on their. and when you are up on the line, that is how you would have done that. with the rifle, you had your ammunition belt. which, you would carry 10 rounds in each pocket. two clips

this footage from a french boat shows it colliding with smaller french vessels. fishermen say french boats like this surrounded them and started attacking them. just a glimpse of the violent clashes off the coast of normandy in the early hours of tuesday morning. rocks and flares coming across here. right through here? yeah. there was about 50—60 boats around us in the end. do you think our navy should go with you? the only way to deal with it now is to get our navy involved and try and protect us really. but the french fishermen involved are furious. french law bans them from fishing over the summer in the bay of seine. normally there is a deal where larger british boats stay away, this year, negotiations broke down and they moved in. translation: they have no hours, no quotas, theyjust fill their boats, they come, scrape and leave. they start working a month before us and they leave us the crumbs. dredging is a highly controversial method of fishing. conservationists say it destroys the whole of the sea bed. scallops reproduce in the summer and this is why fren

this one is a french-issued housewi housewife.e the handle itself would be where you would keep your needle or needles, depending on how many you had, a thimble and you, of course, had thread wrapped around the spools. the standard u.s. issue type was something that's a little bit more familiar to folks. canvas and leather. it simply unfolds. you would have your needles, sewing scissors, a packet of thread and buttons. a shave kit. even in the trenches, the soldier was expected to maintain a certain amount of hygiene. a certain amount of humor in that in and of itself. this is a gem razor. they had a single-edge blade that would then fit inside, cake soap would have been the standard used. now you're ready to shave. some hot water and a little cake soap, you're good to go. these are all original items. there are a few reproductions that i have, but most of what i have here for display purposes are all original. sometimes you would be lucky enough to be able to bring home a little cook item home in the trenches. there were things s

in 1917 you had a mutiny in the french army. half the french army mutinied.hey said we won't go any further, we will hold the line , but we won't go any further. a great deal of the french army wound up court-martialed, some executed. -- many executed. they could not tolerate that sort of thing. they did tell the high command what the situation was. the americans make it in 1918. when pershing was over observing, the allied commander said, we will use the army for plugging holes. we can put them here and here. pershing said no, i've been watching what you are doing. we are not going to have that. we are going to fight as a unified american command or not at all. that's how we managed to keep the army together. he realized if they allowed the allied commanders in europe to utilize the american force, not much would change. in come the americans with a different attitude. a lot of people say well, the americans made the difference. well, we made a difference. we didn't make the difference. you had to time, take into account the internal collapse of germany. the

we are right next to the french market it was an active market here in the city from the very earliest days of 1718. so the bounty of everything available that was fresh and local using french and spanish traditional preparation with the true indigenous crew seen my desk cuisine development. the hallmark of creole's of all we have to say no matter what it is, invariable that it starts off that you've written on -- that you make a roux. it was a french preparation in france it's butter and flour but here butter would burn before get to that dark color. once you have that the other thing that goes into everything is celery and bell pepper and onions. that is what i like to refer to as the creole sauce. onion celery and carrots originally was from france when they first got here undoubtedly they brought with them their seeds and ingredients intending to carry on the way they had in france but here we are painfully aware to be under sea level the matter where you are how will you grow a carrot? you can't. not even a place to dig a grave because the water table is so high so that is how i b

it is a french carving in a french underground city. it shows how the soldiers were trying to re-create a human world, a world of feeling, emotion, aesthetic and a world that connected them to a life before war that was important to them and that grounded them and helped them to get through a time that it is impossible for us to imagine. you know, during world war i there were over a million high powered shells fired every single day for 4 1/2 years. it's beyond human comprehension. if a person was anywhere in the kill zone of one of these weapons they wouldn't just die, they would disappear. there was a term called pink mist which is all that was left of a human being after one of the weapons struck. they were in the perimeter of the bomb. and so it is what mass destruction means. it is just something that goes beyond anything we can conceive. they walk blindly into a meat grinder that was right in front of their eyes and they couldn't see the danger. i feel like almost a responsibility and a sense of urgency as an e.r. doctor, explore

hamon fears french drive to stall city's eu fears french drive to stall city's e u a ccess fears frenchll city's eu access after brexit. more fears here —— hammond. eu access after brexit. more fears here -- hammond. the chancellor had a meeting last week with some senior figures in the city, they will be horrified it's on the front page of the ft but we will leave that to one side. when the uk leave the eu there will be a close alignment hopefully on financial services but overtime the eu in politically motivated rule changes instigated by the french... those pavilions french! keen on keen on the french personally but, there you go. they may be able to affect the financial services in the uk to be closer to eu rules. he's pointing out in the medium term what the uk should be looking at is trying to get... replace the possible loss of eu market access with financial services deals with other countries and particularly emerging markets in the far east. it isn't as apocalyptic as some of the warnings we've been hearing about brexit, it's a concern in the medium—term france might try to sn

it was occupied by the french and german and the french took it back and then the americans. and in this place soldiers from the maine national guard chwhic were part of the yankee division lived underground for almost two months and what's remarkable about this particular place -- and you can see this this in the smithsonian channel documentary called "americans underground, secret city of world war i" which was filmed in this place which exists under a french farm field completely unprotected, unmarked in the middle of nowhere in the raw. you enter through small holes or n the ground and when you go into this place, it's totally dark, you cannot see your hand two inches in front of your face. yet when you turn your head lamp on you see this and you have carvings like this carving is a beautiful regimental emblem with the words above mechanic a.r. dean from south brewer, maine, which is just outside of bangor, maine. this is anancient stone quarry and the reason why these placings were transformed into understood ground cities is because there were many spaces adjacent to th

the french were fighting like lions.appened inhat what 1940 can be -- you can look backwards and say, oh yeah, the french, 1940, they just surrendered. the french, in world war i, fought with great talent, great dedication, and great bravery. and we fight alongside them. there's a reluctance on the point of higher command at many times and they purposely spread this idea that the french were all running away in order to emphasize the importance of our participation, to say that we saved paris. in practice, the french fought very well. we learned a lot from them. we fought primarily side-by-side with the french. we learned some important lessons from them on how to fight. next slide, please. our participation in the war continues to build, and as i indicated. through the end of bella would at the end of june, the army brigade captures ball at the beginning of july, 1918. july 15, the last of the major german offensive actions in the spring race plays among the maron river. the u.s. third division beats back in its sector

french conference on the structure of the french french into this would have been processes. that that he was also so when when you was it was on your approach solid politics is not tonight. once and and finally the obsessive anyway my model was was it into the holes. line. alex. i'm not. out in the reform plan has let me mention tensions my my ex expects is we need more protests us of some of the other things in the future. it's very very difficult for the addict if if they would william on on this because as i said sometimes you shoot it looks. really be big because i said i don't know there's something. we know there are data to generate right to have to have a big blue because as i should be in the halls all the time time is very very funny like specs i'm so i'm what. something to shock shock. we'll email that they already won one kings. three my model has how she should resign and antiques are not only to the social often have made the trade years used to talk about it that today's hearing going to do differently they they need attention forceful. okay britain has has ne

more than 100 french businesses are operating in kenya, up frorm 30 a few years ago. peter o'')brien takes a look at what makes the country in africa so attractive ffr french companies. home to one of africa's most anemic economies. it has grown over 5% on average each year ooer the last decade. the country has a growing middle class of around 10 miilionn6 c11 people, potential customers that companies from around the world have come to seeuce. more and more of these businesses are from france. in nairobi, it is getting difficult to get a seat at a frenchhchamber of commerce >> it is to animate and develop process. partners here in kenya. peter::these meetings help kenya. it is a ervice which is the number of french firms has gone from around 30 to more tha1 aahundred in the last few years, including some big brarands. asidd from kenya's domeetic markets, its ocation is it has anninternational airport, and there are daily flight to most countries in the region. that is what most compmpanies he installed rrgional headquarttrs -phere. most f the 15 employees and the fou

in 1917 you had a mutiny in the french army. they said we won't go any further, we will hold the line but we won't go any further. a great deal of the french army wound up court-martialed, some of them executed. they could not tolerate that sort of thing. they did tell the high command what the situation was. americans make in 1918. they said we will use the army for plugging holes. pershing said no, i've been watching what you are doing. we are not going to have that. we're going to fight with unified american command or not at all. that's how we managed to keep the army. if they allowed the allied commanders in europe to utilize the american force, not much would change. income the americans with a different attitude. people say well, the americans made the difference. at the same time they had to take into account that they were running out of supplies. their economy was in shambles, generations of men had been lost. they didn't have much to run on. new forms of combat would be taking place. introducede had been , that was an

you needed french cooperation. you needed french cooperation in order to bring about currency reform in western germany. you needed to have french cooperation if you wanted to return the coal mines to german management, and the french demanded additional guarantees of their security. the french worried about 2 things. the french worried about the revival of german power long-term, and they were also extremely worried that these initiatives in western germany could provoke soviet countermeasures that would lead to war. bevin, the british foreign minister, in order to reassure the french, initially proposed what was called the western european union to the french. indeed, that was signed in early 1948. as the initiatives began to take place to revise western policy towards the western zones in germany, bevin negotiated with the french, the dutch, an agreement that called for british commitments, mutual commitments to defend britain, france, the netherlands, they'll jump and luxembourg. that was the western european u

authorities.sms of the french french and german eeonomies were lready tightly connected. >> obviously the british were happy to see de gaulle being duped by frencc students. the united kingdom had just been rejected from the european eeonomic community for the second timee in november 196967. so the british criticized french police for their overly forceful >> these to protests. impression on george ross who moved close to the theatater in latin quarter the in mid-may. -pat he time it was occupied by militants. ittwas filled up looking like they were about to go to ar..61 , it'shey move on you pretty scary. in thh states, the police never sort of eat people up. under control. but in paris is quite evident that the cif id respopond to students and heavyvy-handed way. -- in a heaay-handeddway. >> of the protesters in number. encouraged by the union, workers joined the students in their strike. among them, vasco martins. heehad fled portugaa to avoid fighting in the colonial war in angola. had i been arrested, i risked beinggdeported..6 c13 c1 this was the case forrmany people..6 c1c13 c

essentially we are fishing 40 miles off the french coast when a flotilla off the french coast when aea. there was a french naval vessel alongside that watched the whole thing but didn't intervene in any manner. we're very shocked about the whole situation. looking at the pictures, it looks like potentially a very dangerous situation? absolutely. and in previous years also we've had chuckles thrown at the windows to the point of structural integrity of vessels being at risk. it was very important for us to have the safety of our vessels and our fleet of paramount importance. we had to leave the area straightaway. i understand you're a fifth generation fishermen, how in the scale of things that have happened over the years... where would you put this? i've seen videos of my grandfather 30 or 40 years ago saying about the french exactly the same. the main gripe the uk fishing industry has is the french can go up to our six mile nautical limit. we we re to our six mile nautical limit. we were fishing 40 miles off the french coast, essentially in eu national waters and what we find frustr

this footage from a french bo shows it colliding with smaller french vessels.ritish fishermen say french boats like this surrounded them and started attacking, and clashes off the coast of normandy in the early hours of tu day morning. >> it was about 50, 60 boats. reporter:in do you our navy ships go with you? >> the only way to deal with it nanow is to get ou involved. but the french fishermen who got involved are they are banned from fishing over the summer to preserve stocks. normally a deal is done, and larger british boats also stay away but this year negotiations broke down. the british trawlers moved in. french skippers have had to watch them harvesting these scallop-rich waters without being able to join in. >> they have no hours, no quotas. they just fill their boats. they come, scrape, and leave. they start working in month before us,ey and eave us the crumbs. reporter: o this is of a handful of british sca llops arriving in britain after fleeing across the channel. some boats were damaged, but no one was injured. they were not breaking any eu laws.

the french were fighting like lions. to suggest that what happened in 1940 can be -- you can look backwards and say, oh, yeah, the french, 1940, that was terrible. they surrender. as soon as a german shows up, they surrender. the french in world war i taught with great talent, great dedication and great bravery. we fight alongside them. there's a relack tans on the part of higher command and they purposefully spread this idea that the french were all running away in order to emphasize the portion of our participation, to say that we saved paris. in practice, the french fought very well. we learned a lot from them. we fought side by side primarily with the french and we learned some very important lessons from them on how to fight. our participation in the war continues to build, as i indicated. through the end of bella wood at the end of june, the army brigade captures voe at the end of june, beginning of july 1918. july 15th the last of the major german offensive actions takes apply along the marne river. the u.s. 3rd d

president will use a the times, the french president will usea summit the times, the french presidente a summit in austria next month to spell out what he calls a new structure for europe. he will be talking about... concentric circles. you have the eu in the middle. an outer circle and britain will be in there. he has talked about this since before he was elected. absolutely. he has this vision. he wa nts absolutely. he has this vision. he wants reform you. you want to make europe stronger and tighter and wanted. there he may have a problem. not everyone in europe sees it that way. talk to viktor 0rban. he is very much on thejean—claudejuncker line. closer integration. but the concentric circles, they make sense for the uk to be in that orbit somewhere. and there seems to be a consensus emerging. so let us pray for the best. we have already talked about argentina, it is in the telegraph. i want to ask you one question before moving on. argentina has gone from one economic crisis to another. it is a boom and bust story... once a decade. in between the crises there is a huge surge in b

the french preresident will be hard to win over. a cabinet member told the guardian that the french are the most difficult. to president could be key influence in the rest of the eu. no agreements will be made during the talks. the president will respect the process had up by the eu cost top brexit negotiator. he refused to accept her proposal that the u.k. collect tariffs, part of her idea to maintain a free flow of goods and avoid a hard border in ireland. hinted at a softer position, the future partnership could be unprecedented. the withdrawal agreement is agreed. >> northern ireland remain a common regulatory area for goods and customs. we are ready to improve that. >> a leader summit looks to the us decisive milestone for the process as both sides said they needed security before the u.k. leaves in march. now to our top story on the program. won by an zimbabwe, he razor thin majority, 50.8%. that has been challenged by the opposition. for the latest, let's talk to our correspondent. thank you for joining us this hour on the pr

the palace was chiefly fashioned by three french. the king francis the first false and a past. in fifteen twenty seven francis the first had the old walled castle demolished he had always dreamt of building a renaissance palace and now he did sell. the resplendent post and was designed for francis the first by. a new south facing entrance giving access to the numerous royal apartments that faced onto the cool of the modern palace. i. the king commissioned rosso furin tino and francesco came to decorate the interior as the two a town. and founded the fontainebleau school which was to exert so decisive an influence on architecture in france and elsewhere in europe. the gallery of king francis the first designed by fiorentino is one of the undisputed masterpieces of the renaissance. at one time it was the galleries compositional marriage of landscape and interior decor inside to the views of the natural setting that one admiration but that was lost in the seventeenth century when an additional wing was added even so the gallery represents the first ever harmonious union of frescoe

stirs outrage among the country's opposition figures after emanuel mccrone calls his own citizens french dolls for resisting his economic reforms. and we meet outspoken british rock star roger waters was currently on tour in russia he's got plenty to say about the world's biggest issues and where he gets his news . going bust but you should do it because you should distribute the construction so let me. follow to you. was. just pure propaganda nothing but the flow is what i want churchill. this is our key international bring your live news update this hour with me talking boga wherever you are welcome to the program. a crucial battle is looming in the last rebel stronghold in the syrian province of the u. . special envoy for syria says there are around ten thousand allness or terrorists there and that the group is capable of producing chemical weapons meanwhile russia's foreign minister has warned that another terrorist all flying attack is being prepared to sabotage the liberation of libya i should add the that's another false flag attack is being prepared to try and hinder the end terr

france's president stirs outrage among the country's opposition figures after he calls his own citizens french goals for resisting his economic reforms. with ten days and counting to the election in sweden anger flares at a rally where a swedish parliamentary candidate claims he was attacked by a migrant. and we meet outspoken british rock star roger waters who's currently on tour and russia he's got plenty to say about the world's biggest issues and where he gets his news. going but you should do it as you should this recruitment stuff to telling me about how to see how she was. just pure propaganda nothing but a pack of lies from well i will try to. this is our to international coming to you live from the russian capital with your global news update welcome to the program. a crucial battle is looming in the last rebel stronghold in the syrian province of idlib the u.n. special envoy for syria says there are around ten thousand illness or terrorists there and that the group is capable of producing chemical weapons meanwhile russia's foreign minister has warned that a terrorist false flag atta

from abroad while many french everyday citizens also felt the hum from those comments from president michael unhappy yet again while he's abroad he's chosen a venue outside forces to criticize what he sees as being the french resistance to his reforms but what many people thought as being a jibe of contempt for the french people let's not how president might console it in a press conference on thursday he defended his comments saying that he told the truth and he said that while people in france don't like permanent adjustments we are our country when in serious moments of our history we can be transformed to present my coin had been praising in denmark the danish system which means that it's easier to fire people from a job and it also means people that quit their jobs can have the social security as a bit of a buoyancy eight and those are things that he says that he wants to emulate hey in france with his reforms reforms which over the last year and a half have seen roof resistance over and over with many protests of people coming out to the streets to say they don't want my calls