building rooms down for future expansion. but we will start with the appellant. you have seven minutes. >> this is more than i needed. >> this is the solution i gave them to solve the problem. it is 10 ft. 3 high, they chose not to show on the plans because you don't need a gate or a landing or a deck. there are four houses in a row, this is the next house, they are pretty much identical homes and it does not have a gay. in this house has a gate on the front. it is causing all this problem, and this is the last house. the only one that i think needs of gay that causes them to build a gate on our side. they have chosen not to take a solution that would solve this issue. they have filed a building permit. this is the permit they have filed. i will try to go through the defects. a put a valuation of $5,000 to raise a building 36 inches and built downstairs. 750 square feet of hubble space for $5,000. they said that the owner is going to be the contractor. if you say you're going to be an owner builder, you have to build that. they think they thought they were raisin

is the future expansion in growth of europe stopped at this moment? >> i'm sorry, my understanding was quite different. my understanding of the question was -- >> how can you answer it if you don't understand the question? my understanding of the question was can greece leave the euro and remain in the european union. >> i think that was the first part of it. okay. let's deal with the first part of his question first, which is can greece exit? can you have an exit and still have a euro hold those other countries together in a single unit? can it survive -- >> 70%, 80% on the basis of every opinion poll of the greek people says they want to remain in the euro. they don't want to leave or they want to stay. there must be some reason. and i think the reason is they know full well if they were to come out of the eurozone now and revert to their own national currency, it would, in all probability, sink like a stone. inflation will soar. the sovereign default and the default on euro-denominated contracts both within the country and externally will create a

it seems that this opinion is trying to write a very strict limitation on any future expansions of themmerce clause. >> that is the conventional wisdom as people read it. but as you and i and so many people got wrong the arizona immigration ruling, they're drawing the distinction between activity and inactivity. if you didn't want to buy health insurance, the federal( this is no different than the tax incentives we have throughout the tax code. he kind of said this was a no-brainer. the idea that this came out of left field, i think roberts in his majority opinion kind of debunked that. and very much to the point you made the other night. >> alex, it turns out that the chief justice also went on to give an example of legislation the democrats haven't tried yet which was if you wanted to provide a tax break for homeowners who made their windows more energy efficient, that would be constitutional. he went to great lengths just to show how solid thatç tax grounding is. but still, the president and the democrats don't want to rely on that word just because it has difficult political impli

it seems that this opinion is trying to write a very strict limitation on any future expansions of themmerce clause. >> that is the conventional wisdom as people read it. but as you and i and so many people got wrong the arizona immigration ruling, they're drawing the distinction between activity and inactivity. if you didn't want to buy health insurance, the federal government couldn't make you. that was the decision on which they said it didn't affect interstate commerce. i think that impact is going to be minimal to nil. because i can't for a minute think of another example in which this activity-inactivity distinction would be made. if you read the roberts' opinion, roberts chipped away at the edges of the commerce clause, but basically kept in place the jurisprudence for the last 50 years. i think what they did is much, much more minimal impact. as you pointed out two nights ago on the tax element, what was so surprising about what roberts said in the decision today was it was kind of obvious. everyone thought it was kind of out of left field.ç we have tax incentives for a whole

. >>> a critical vote is expected today that could impact the future expansion of metro's silver line, union labor. the washington airport's authority will vote on whether to leave a controversial pro-labor provision in its construction plan. the plan has angered lawmakers in virginia which is a right-to-work state. they are threatening to withhold $150 million in state funding if the labor provision remains. >>> feeling lucky? today is your chance to try and strike it rich. maryland live at the arundel mill mall is opening to the public tonight at 10:00. the massive casino covers more than three football fields. gamblers can play one of more than 3,200 slot machines or visit six restaurants. the opening will include a variety of live entertainment in the scene oh and the plaza -- casino and the plaza connecting it to the mall. there will also be a ribbon cutting ceremony. >>> a last-place finish of a runner ohio lifted not just one of her opponents but thespire stadium. -- the entire stadium. [ applause ] >> megan vogel was in the final stretch of the two-mile race when she stopped t

spending, what is telling you is businesses have strong incentives to be thinking about the future and focusing on expansion, and they are actually doing it. there is a third driver in this cycle. people are starting to notice more thaan more. we are coming to the conclusion that americans do not make anything anymore. is all going to china. you can see all kinds of trends common and and unemployment is beginning to turn around, and the following things are going on. when we go through tough times, people get focused, and they reinvent themselves. that is what is going on now. no. 2, and the auto industry has gotten its legacy cause behind it. there is a new out of detroit. it is a lot more upbeat. it is still a very depressed level, which tells you this industry had a lot of upside. good if you let the value of the dollar, it is more attractive to locate operations in this country than in a very long term, so to me, this is great to be a new story you hear. it is not going to be the same generator of jobs and it was in the past. it is a much more of efficient, high end sector, and i think manufacturing wil

in other words, it makes future expansion and protection of these san antonio missions dependent entirely upon charity. no matter how public minded some private property owners may be, some are likely to be unable to afford to donate the land. does the gentlewoman van additional minute? ms. slaughter: i do. let me yield. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman is recognized. mr. doggett: some property owners will be unable to donate their land. instead of continuing the previous bipartisan commitment to the mission, this bill reflects the same ideological extreme so evident in larger public policy debates. like that over the fuhr of our national transportation system. yes, our republican house colleagues are all for good transportation. it's just paying for that transportation that they are opposed to. and so today we hear about private property rights, but what about the private property right of an individual landowner to sell their property for a legitimate public purpose such as expanding this vital national park? that is denied in today's bill. this bill will not grow the park in the

is the future expansion and growth of europe stopped at this moment? >> i'm sorry. my understanding of the question was, can greece lead -- >> [inaudible] [applause] >> my understanding of the question is, can greece leave the euro and it -- [applause] >> let's deal with the first part of the question which is can greece exit? can you have aggressive and still have a euro hold those other countries together in a single unit? can it survive? >> 70%, 80% on the basis of every opinion poll is that greece wants to stay in the euro. the reason is they know full well if they were to come out of the eurozone now and revert to their own national currency it would in all probability sink like a stone. inflation will soar. the sovereign default and the default on euro denominates its contracts, both within the country and externally, will create a lawyer's paradise. it will create the most extraordinary socioeconomic which is why we have to move heaven and earth to keep it within the euro. >> i want to tell you, if they go out out of the euro and i criticize the government be

. >> tillerson also says excess government regulation present as danger to future output expansion.says high borrowing is effectively out of the bond mark market. the euro this morning at 1.2416. g-7 finance chiefs holding emergency eurozone talks today. the group is said to be worried about a possible span, bank run. germany has suggested it is open to pooling debt but only in, change for more centralized control over government spending in european countries. european equities at this hour are mixed. germany is lower by 3/4 of a percent but france is higher by 3/4 of a percent. italy is slightly higher, spain is flat. >> joining us is douglas holtz-eakin, president of the american action forum and howard ward, chief investment officer at gamco. welcome, doug and howard. this is like felix and oscar. you ready to talk -- what if i ask you about price to earnings multiples and stocks that you like. what are you going to tell me, douglas? >> not too much, joe. >> what should we do with facebook? sell it? buy it? >> i'm skeptical on phafacebook have about equal faith in facebook and g

keep in mind as well, that the spread now between the brent and wti futuring is under $12 after they announced the expansioner than folks thought and get to 400,000 barrels today by the end of the year. >> thank you, we want to look at shares of fedex today. lower earlier and coming back. the transimportants overall have been strong lately. it's up 5% in just the last five trading sessions. so is it time to get in this game? we want to talk about that on talking numbers. we have mark newton, and on the fundamental side, patty edwards the a cnbc contributor. >> i'm short-term bullish on fedex. they have a lot of short-term momentum. if you look at the weekly chart here you can see on the screen, it has been down over the last few years, just in the last few weeks and particularly today, the stock has been up 5% from low to high. you want to be long in a stock and buy dibs with targeted highs. >>> patty, do you agree? would you be buying the stock here? >> i'm luke warm on fedex, i think if i was holding if three years there's something there. i think there are a lot of head winds in the short run. the rates

expansion. the courts ruling has significant implications for the future of health care and for president obama's legacy. the president made passing reform his top priority. when congress approved it in 2010 it was without a single republican vote. >> the motion is adopted. >> democrat s celebrated passage of the bill as a major triumph for social justice. opponents said the government was over reaching. >> 26 states challenged the law arguing that congress over stepped its constitutional authority. >> republicans won't let up. >> the courts ruling will effect nearly every american. it will preserve what president obama considered to be his biggest accomplishment. >> mitt romney said if elected on day 1 we will work to repeal this law. he calls it a bad law and bad policy. >> that was susanne reporting from washington dc. >> just moments ago mitt romney did react to the high court ruling. here is more of what he had to say. >> as you might imagine, i disagree with the supreme court's decision and i agree with the decent. what the court did not do on its last day in session i will do on my first d

future. folks, think about it, only five months after the japanese attack on pearl harbor, japanese expansions seemingly totally unstoppable. they are just rolling through asia. then, there is the battle of coral sea. in some respects, the battle of coral sea might have been an attack or loss depends on how you interpret it, maybe a tie. the it was clearly, a strategic victory. as i look out today and i see the attendance of our naval attaches and our defense attaches, i say thank you. it is partnerships that make the difference, have made the difference in history and will make the difference to us in the future. so, coral sea kind of stopped the momentum of the japanese. it was really a foundation for the success at midway and only a month later in the battle of midway, the japanese strength like their strength at coral sea was greater. they had more carriers. we had three. theyed four. they had more battleships. we had non. they had two. they had more aircraft. we had about 230. they had about 250. so how did we win? well, there is a whole series of stories and articles written on that, co

future. for example, think about it. only five months after the japanese attack of pearl harbor, japanese expansion is seemingly totally unstoppable are just rolling through asia. and then there's the battle of coral sea. and some respects, the battle may have been an attack of loss, depends how you interrupt it. maybe a tie. it was clearly a strategic victory. and as i look out today, and i see the attendance of our naval attacheses and defense, i say thank you because its partnerships that make the difference have made the difference in history and will make the difference to us in the future. so coral sea stopped the momentum of the japanese. it was a foundation with the success at midway. only a month later, in the battle of midway the japanese strength like their strength at coral sea was greater. they had more carriers. we had three, they had four. and had had more battleships. we had none. and they had would. they had more aircraft. they had about 230 and they had about 250. so how did we win? well, there's a whole series of stories and articles write wren on that. courage for shore. the gentleman to my left, tribute that a

future however. welcome back we're talking about massive risk taking and the leverage expansion that leads to firms going bankrupt or losing a lot of money stealing from customers in some cases just the right as in it's a systemic only important or did you know detrimental disaster as institution depending on how you look at it in the case of j.p. morgan we're talking to francine mccann as she is the accounting watchdog author of blog the auditors columnist for forbes american bankers she's talking about how this all is allowed to go down and how the regulators are not catching it so one other factor in here that we haven't touched on yet is the auditors it's hard to imagine that the auditors didn't know what was going on at a firm like m.f. global and they signed off on it well i think we're talking about a global we're talking about j.p. morgan interesting lee they have the same auditor. a house coopers. institution that audit firm has been with j.p. morgan since the sixty's is it necessarily complicity i think it's more complacency long long relationships very lucrative relationships level of comfort

and it seems highly unlikely that comparable expansion will occur in the future after the present trend has run the course. i think this reintegrating it was from 1966 what we're dealing with now is a unique set of circumstances. in the 1950s and '60s the population of the world was 3 billion. we're now at 7. as i mention we'll be going to 9 and 10 gi 20 1urbgs. unique circumstances this is why it's important to understand what it means for the world. the second key aspect key factor driving demand is global wealthy. not only are we getting larger in terms of population a lot more people are becoming wealthier. we will have an additional 3 billion new people in the world's middle class by 2030 which is just around the corner. it's really, really important to look at how those people who would like to live like us in the room in the sense they would like to achieve western standards of living how those demand pleasures will be felt on the global resource supply. as you can sew from the slide presented here, a lot of demand pressure from wealth will be largely felt from the growing middle

futures pointing a bit lower. we do get the weekly jobless claims every thursday. the gambling expansion in maryland. legalizing table games in maryland is estimated to create more than 1900 local jobs and another 400 on top of that is a casino is authorized in prince george's county. there will not be a special session on the issue for now. at the new york stock exchange, i'm jane king, bloomberg news, for wbal-tv 11 news. back to you. >> as a result, no jobs. sometimes having wifi in hotels are good selling point. >> wifi can make it or break it for some of travelers. it may be hard to beat the heat. an ice cream bar shortage. talk about horrible timing. >> we get a giggle from bye-bye from wifi. >> i'm a little slow. >> everybody in the studio la ughed. >> 5:23. maryland players will not be the only players wearing flag uniforms. >> don't forget to e-mail us your response to our water cooler question of the day. even though there won't be a special session on expanded gambling this year, do you think table games will eventually be allowed in maryland? you can share your response on wbaltv.com, on

that seems to me to be expansion of the taxing power and one that will be very hard to limit in the future. >> yeah, i think future congresses will try to take the basis of his reasoning, to impose taxes for other purposes, say in the area of the environment, it will be litigated and liberal justices will cite justice roberts' interpretation of the taxing power to support those legislations. >> so, there was one other limitation on the congress that was part of this opinion and that's on medicaid. giving an opt out provision for the the states. is this potentially a limitation on federal power going forward? >> well, they said that states-- the federal government can't attach conditions to funds. they can't coerce the states, they can't commandeer resources. the in practical terms i'm not sure how far this goes. >> paul: james, what do you think of the argument we've heard from some people that john roberts may have changed his mind in making this, making this. first he sided with the conservatives on the court to overturn all or part of it and then under pressure, changed to his 1-4-4 opi

so a limit was placed on the expansion and use of the interstate customers law by this court. that's important for the future. the second thing, the decision by the court to uphold our argument for the first time, a big precedent, that a medicaid requirement that you have to -- you have to follow the rules of the game and adopt a new medicaid provisions or you will lose your existing right to have the medicaid funds you have contracted for as a state, that that's unconstitutional. that that lefter that was in the law given to the department of health and human services is unconstitutional. so it means states can opt not to participate in this very onerous new medicaid provision and they can opt out and that's very important. that's a very expensive proposition. also, has a lot of implications to undermining the ability of this law to function as a coherent package as was intended apparent libby its authors. so the debate has just gun on healthcare reform. >> if the state opts out of the medicaid expansion that covered more people, it covered a certain segment between these people who were poor and on medicai

court struck down laws medicaid expansion that would require states to offer more coverage to the poor. the court's ruling has significant implications both for the future of health care and for president obama's legacy. at the president made passing reform his top priority. but when congress approved in 2010 it was without a single republican vote. democrats celebrated the passage of the bill as a major triumph for social justice. 26 states challenge still arguing that congress had overstepped its constitutional authority. >> what the court did not do on its last day in session, i will do on my first day if elected president of the united states. >> house has already promised to take a vote to repeal the law when congress gets back from its july 4th break. republicans will no doubt try to use this loss to galvanize the base, look for them to start telling voters that mitt romney must be elected to have any chance of repealing this health- care law. >> let's expand on that a little bit, the legal part of it is over but now the political circus is going to begin? >> yes, well a lot of this had to do with the election. this is a big win for president obam

in issues such as nato expansion and the response to bosnia we were very much in the same mind. >> biggest problem in the future in your opinion? >> i think the biggest problem in the future is whether the united states can effectively resume a really significantly constructive leadership role in the world. i think that can only happen after we terminate the war in iraq. after we resolve the israeli-palestinian conflict. after we get engaged in a serious and constructive negotiating relationship with the iranians because the mideast is now the arena in which american leadership is being tested. just as europe was the arena during the cold war. and therefore it's very important that we be successful. if we are successful, then i'm reasonably hopeful about the future. if we fail, then i think we'll be sliding into a more anarchistic phase in world affairs. >> what would you do with the troops? >> i would bring most of them out of iraq. i would probably try to work out some arrangement whereby by mutual consent some american military presence is maintained in kurdistan within iraq. that would help to offset the po

expansion of government. the government in that sense may have gone to the future of roberts court.iberals may be celebrating today. may rue the day because they find that roberts now says they found the way we were thinking previously, that commerce clause is not to be taken as opening the door to any federal action. >> bret: do you agree with that? up side for conservatives down the road? >> i think so. the people will say government will expand, no longer on the grounds of commerce clause, which is restrained by roberts. but it will expand as a tag. there is a political difference between fine and tax. people don't like taxes. they accept it here and there to get a speeding ticket. as you heard earlier in theshowe the democrats presented the mandate, as a tax? it would not have passed in the house and senate. that is why the president kept saying it's not a tax. it's simply, you know, a mandate. it will practically speaking make it harder, because it will be harder to expand the size of government. under the guise of a tax because people don't like taxes. >> if it's a hidden tax,

seen over the last four years is an ever-expansive, over-reaching, over-bearing central government. i believe it is that stark. we have a choice of two futures. it's a future that says that washington knows best. it can tell you how to run your daily life down to the very minute details. or its a future that embraces the wonderful spirit and of entrepreneurship and idealism of america, the things that made us the greatest nation in the history of the world. that this house start it is, i believe. that is what i believe the american people understand. that is why i believe they're going to select governor romney president. >> how can voters have hope that the election will lead to change its officials are not willing to agree on the terms of the election and say if obama wins, higher taxes. if governor romney winds, a repeal of the health care law, lower taxes. >> elections are about contrasts. there will be a very clear contrast. i believe when the american people speak in november that they will embrace the kind of policies and bills that the republicans have put forward, to decrease taxes come decrease the over-reaching regulatory oppressi

is where we're going to get the expansion from by creating jobs not cutting jobs by providing more services not less services we see plenty more protests now in the future resource some pretty drastic protests in the u.k. not just the student protests but also those riots but what can we see in the future do you think are people getting pretty fed up and. well of course we've also had mobilizations of up to three quarters of a million on the streets march twenty sixth last year and we now have a nationally nationally called demonstration by the t.t.c. for october the twentieth and we had a public meeting to talk about how we're going to build this demonstration just two days ago actually and then we had a packed hall and people from all sections of society attended the public meeting people from. campaigns and labor campaigns we disabled people's campaigns to students to pensioners to doctors and i think this is what we need to do and what we are going to do is all come together because it's when we stand together that we are the strongest and we can give the government a bloody nose and say we are not going to put up with their cuts close on and thank

they want to hear about expansion of our ports, our rail, airports. they want to hear about the futureand he's talking about, you know, years ago, and i'm not quite sure what relevance that has to the jobs of today. but i think he's out of step with the vast majority of the people across our region, and indeed our country. >> obviously, ohio is going to be of the utmost importance in terms of presidential politics. and you as an obama supporter who knows the state very well, you've campaigned there for years. what do you feel is president obama's greatest asset in ohio, and his greatest liability? >> well, you know, he's been all throughout our state. and in terms of a great asset in the north, and other parts of ohio, the recover of the automotive industry is absolutely profound. the sales of vehicles, whether we're talking about econ owe line vans made in avon lake, or you're talking about the kruse for general motors, the wrangler up 44% in its sales this year. the boom that we are seeing in the automotive industry is actually unprecedented in such a short period of time. three year

expansion. there was a meeting in annapolis, the developer, and the head of a major enter tame venue, that could determine the future for this part of prince georges county. welcome to oxman hill or national harbor as it's known these days. the upscale destination could well be on its way. >> to explore the development, a resort where we combined with the peterson family would be prepared to invest over $800 million. >> reporter: the site is expected to generate 2,000 construction jobs and 4,000, quote, well-paying permanent jobs. the announcement comes after a study's findings that the state could support a sixth gaming license, much to the chagrin of the corporation behind maryland live, the just-opened casino. it would allow table games at all maryland casinos and call for a lowering of the tax rate. there weren't many indications of what it would look like, but more of what it would not. >> we're not going to drop las vegas in national harbor. >> we're excited about the opportunity to basically go intoed planning and make another mini national harbor. >> we look forward to the process going forward where the com

the aca will pay 100% of the expansion with federal funds for the first three years and glide down to 90% for all future years. that is the highest match ever in any federal, state health insurance program. i think the historical analogy here is the children's health insurance program or chip. it is voluntary but all states take part in it. the matching rate is higher than medicaid but not nearly as high as what the aca will provide. i also will point you to other optional benefits and services, one of the newest ones his eligibility for women who find they have cervical cancer, they pay higher matching rate. then there is also from the other side, not just the carrot but the stick, the counter intuitive nature -- the possibility the state could end up with its poorest citizens being altogether uninsured and nobody else. the people under 100% of poverty are not eligible under the statute to take part in the exchanges of the affordable care act. oddly enough the only people under 100% of poverty are legal aliens who have been here less than five years. it will be a strange circumstance for a state legisl

future. >> i do want to talk about something, guys. it's very important for anyone that lives in the 26 republican-led states that opposed this. the ruling on the expansionay, this is really seen as a win for those states that the federal government, as chief justice roberts put it, can't hold a gun to the heads of these states. it can't take away the medicaid funding if they don't participate in expanding their medicaid eligibility and spending more money to do this. what is your take on that, richard? >> that's right, poppy. it cannot be a penalty. congress cannot impose a penalty upon states. they have to give them the option to participate or not. and this, i believe, is the most significant feature of the supreme court decision. this alone is going to hamper this particular law. and you really to focus on this portion of the decision because this is what's going to impact the majority number of people, 26 states now going to be very hard for them to vote for this if they're truly republican and going to go along the party lines. >> and avery, we can tell you, you disagree with that? address that. >> i actually disagree. i mean the part of necessary

future growth of the internet. we find strong cause for concern about the agenda for the meeting. they should encourage the ongoing expansion of expansions. many member states including the u.s. have shown that they understand the value of the internet in its unique stakeholder model. they are in a critical position to advance an agenda that respects the internet and its global contribution while continuing to support the policies that have been so successful since these were first negotiated. working with allies from around the globe, the u.s. government has not presented to chart a productive course forward and insure that the values of the model and a light touch approach is highlighted parent of the internet society stands ready to play its part in the process and to assist the subcommittee in any way it can. >> thank you for your testimony. you mentioned in your testimony that there are other parts of the u.n. that have activities concerning governance. what other things we should be aware of? >> thank you for that question. it is important that we put this in context. this is an extremely important topic. there are on

expansion of federal power since the new deal. does that concern you? >> i disagree with the premise. i think we'll have problems with the commerce clause in the futurethat the commerce clause was inapplicable to enforce this act. the truth of the matter is republicans were calling this a tax from day one when it was first going through, so it shouldn't be a surprise to anybody. that issue will have to be addressed by the united states supreme court, and they address it on the side of this is a tax and it's within congress' power to do this. it shouldn't be surpris surprising this issue was not addressed, many people dislike the policy of this particular bill. the national healthcare reform act people don't like. they don't care what reason was going to be used as long as it was going to be unconstitutional. >> what you said is not correct. patti ann: go ahead, jay. >> the white house defended the action, the statute as a part of the commerce clause authority. republicans said from the beginning, this was a tax. the defense of the act, the statute was not based on the taxing authority, it was based on the commerce clause, and it was the taxing author

expansion. an unfettered mobile internet offers the greatest hope, not more regulation. we are at a crossroads of the internet futurepath holds great promise while the other is fraught with peril. the promise lies with keeping with what works, namely maintaining a free and open internet while insulating it from legacy regulations. apparel -- the peril lies with sweeping services in two decades-old. times. if successful, these efforts with -- would increase in the future in the regulatory dungeon of the past. even more counterproductive would be the creation of a new international body to oversee internet governance. shortly after the internet was privatized in the mid-1990s, a mere 16 million people were online in 1995. as of earlier this year, more than 2.3 billion people were using the net worldwide. internet connectivity evolved from being a novelty in industrialized countries to becoming an essential tool for commerce and sometimes even basic survival in all nations, but especially in the developing world. developing nations stand to gain the most from the rapid pace of deployment and adoption of internet techno

expansion of work requirements. we have the lowest percentage of people employed than we have had in decades, maybe even forever. maybe that is the futurewe are not recovering in this recession very well. we should do everything we can to encourage employment. there are weak or nonexistent work requirements. >> when i was the attorney general of texas, i was responsible for child care enforcement, which was assigned to the state attorney general to establish paternity where necessary. dr. lein, am i pronouncing it correctly? i know you spent part of your career at the university of texas. i would be interested to hear from either witness. what can the federal government do to enforce the child support obligation and assist the states? i will close with a quick story before i ask you to answer. i was in texas and got out of an airplane and a gentleman approached me and told me, you put me in jail when i was attorney -- when you were attorney general. i did not know what to expect next. he said, when we sued him to force him to pay his child support, his wife had denied him access to his children. the judge ordered him to pay child suppor

magnitude of expansion of numbers and it seems highly unlikely that a comparable expansion will occur again in the future after the present trend has run its course. reiterating for my team 86, what we are dealing with now is a very unique set of circumstances the 1950s and 1960s population is 3 billion. we are now at seven and s. imaginable put in mine and possibly 10 by 2100. unique circumstances and this is why some working to understand what this means for the world. the second key aspect of key factor driving demand is global wealth. not only are we getting larger in terms of population, but a lot more people are becoming wealthier. estimates are we'll have an additional 3 billion new people in the middle class by 2030, which is just around the world. it really is important to look at how those people who like to live like us in this room can achieve western standards of living, how those demand pressures will be felt on the global resource supply. as you can see from the five presented here, a lot of that demand pressure for baylor should follow from the current metaclasses in asia and africa, but