fyodor martens was called the man who managed to reconcile the polisher.the age of 24, he taught at st. petersburg university and wrote articles on international law, and soon became one of the most sought-after arbiters in international disputes. back in 1892, martens acted as an arbiter in a dispute between england and the united states over the right to fish in the berening sea. martens was trusted to draw up programs for the hague international peace conferences held from 1899 to 1907, at which the first international convention on the laws of war was formulated. without exception , all countries supported martens's thesis that during war the warring parties should be guided by the principles of humanity and common sense, even if there are no corresponding written obligations. this martens clause also exists in the modern understanding of the customs of war. the practice is new, the dispute is long-standing, complicated, but generally an internationally recognized part of the neighboring state. we'll talk more next time, just one note for now. when the