[singing in gaelic] a good example of this is irish sean-nos singing.os session, song is a very personal expression. although several singers are present, only one person sings at a time. [singing in gaelic] [irish dance music] where there are two or more musicians performing the same melody but in slightly different ways, the texture is heterophonic. in this traditional irish dance music, everyone is playing the same tune. however, each musician may ornament or vary it according to his or her instrument or taste. [ensemble playing irish tune] [latin band plays and sings] when a dominant melody is accompanied by one or more parts, the texture is said to be homophonic. nicaraguan ensemble grupo camayo sings accompanied by guitars and percussion, the melody is supported by the rest of the ensemble. [guitar plays, and singing in spanish] [chorus sings, and orchestra plays] music that simultaneously combines two or more different lines is said to be polyphonic. the term polyphony has specific meaning within the western classical idiom, describing much of th

they were gaelic speakers. they were thrown into the dirtiest urban center in the country, so they're at sea. and they're set pop and preyed pop. tamine hall was in its way good to be irish because they wanted their vote. they wanted to naturalize them some have their votes and a point where judge -- they'd put their hand odden bible and say, next bunk, and they all voted. tamine hall's way. i just alluded to it here and i get into it more in the book. there were -- it's call the draft riots. it was much more complex than that. it was a race riot, an economic riot, there were ethnic involvements. it was blamed -- the republicans and president protestants in town said the irish did it. it wasn't just at the eye wish. it was the works, the workers revolt and complex and confused and confusing as most new york city history is. >> were the slaves in new york city? no slavery ended in new york city over gradual period but it ended in 1827. however, southerners could legally bring their slaves with. the when they cam

they were still gaelic speakers. a lot of the irish were peasants, desperately poor peasants from the countryside thrown into the biggest city in the country, the dirtiest, most dense, craziest urban center in the country. so they're at sea. and and they are set upon and preyed upon by everybody. tammany hall was actually in its way good to the irish because they wanted their votes. they wanted to naturalize them and have their votes. and there was a point where tammany hall judges would just crowd a whole lot of irish guys around the bible, and they'd all put their hands on the bible and get made citizens all at once. [laughter] and, of course, they all voted tammany hall's way. i just alluded to it here and i get it into more in the book, there were, you know, it's called the draft riots. it was much more complex than that. it was a race riot, it was an economic riot, there were ethnic involvements. it was blamed at the time, the republicans and protestants in town said it was the irish. the irish did it. it wasn't