galasso financed crystallized in 2008 could only be public support over the following year totaling 15rillion u.s. dollars in public a lot, government guarantees, liabilities and special central bank liquidity fans. to bring back the discipline of the market and in reliance on public funds, fsb members have great standards to ensure that nature banks can fail safely in the future. these include reforms to secure the tools empowers authorities need to deal decisively with tanks and at the same time, major banks are required to make themselves easier to resolve, including by writing and living wills. most importantly, global standards that require the banks hold sufficient that such that in the event one of sales at successor could be recapitalized, support the continued operation of its most important activities. the culmination of these initiatives and the determination of authorities to complete the job explains for the too big to fail public subsidy for private systemic banks have fallen by 90% in the united kingdom. put simply, a decade on, market discipline is back. the system is a