and what gardiner and his colleagues found was that exposure to media violence seemed to have more complicated effects than simply causing people to act violently effects rooted not only in the point of the of violence in the media but also in its quality in how it was portrayed in the stories these simulations of violence tell about our relationships to the world and others. today a handful of global conglomerates or nl control the telling of all the stories in the world. they have global marketing formulas that are imposed on the creative people in hollywood and i am in touch with them and they hated they say don't talk to me about censorship from washington i never heard about that i get censorship every day i'm told put in more action cut out complicated solutions apply this formula because it travels well in the global market. these are formulas that need no translation and essentially image driven and speak action in any language and of course the leading element of that formula is violence. this is a historically and press of the tidal wave of violence in every home often with expertly

gardiner -- i think lots of families are so used to having something that it is necessary to them. how are we going to develop what is necessary versus something that has been in place so long it is part of your everyday -- your child going to school and getting picked up from school. do you fall into the category were that is unnecessary, versus someone in special education who has mental and physical challenges? the bus is necessary. that is a necessary component to their everyday school activity. how are we discerning for families? when i really look at it, it is something i have always had, and i believe it is necessary, but when i start looking at the criteria, i have come to discern it is not necessary. i fall into that. this is not necessary for me, and i am going to have to figure out another way to get my kid to school. it is not necessary for my child's existence. have we figured out those things that can help families self assess whether they fall into the necessary busing versus unnecessary busing? i desire it reverses i need it -- versus i need it? >> we are developing

gardiner -- i think lots of families are so used to having something that it is necessary to them. how are we going to develop what is necessary versus something that has been in place so long it is part of your everyday -- your child going to school and getting picked up from school. do you fall into the category were that is unnecessary, versus someone in special education who

tense with some protesters urging revolution to force radical changes in government professor paul gardiner political scientist from the american university of paris says what used to be a relatively stable country buffering europe and africa could now be instability to the whole region. the main problem for most of the middle east countries and islamic countries in general is what i call the youth bulge of the youth a large percentage of young men entering the workforce who don't have opportunities for jobs and this is a problem for pakistan afghanistan throughout much of the middle east it needs more competition needs more investment it needs some international encouraged but if it doesn't get that then it could simmering it could begin to create fissures in the rest of the region but to these are highly educated they're very westernized they're on the internet the young people all want to identify with europe i really don't see them identifying but if the economy doesn't pick up may see more turning toward towards this if if you can get the new democracy on the move. the italian adriatic

she's a beautiful gardiner and when i got here i had this inexplicable urge to start digging in the soil, and i have planted almost every quarter inch of my house in the highlands as a result of this. even to grow the most difficult things, daphne's, which people say you have to plant five in order to get one and one is in these implanted exactly in a pot and it's still living which is astounding to me. so my grandmother has come through to me here and so this is a really special spiritual place for me, and it is the only place i could have written this book. i started a book in the north by talking to over 1200 people. i stopped counting after 1200 people who had migrated from the south to the north to new york, chicago and los angeles. i miss them there and all kind of places i can get into that leader. and i had gotten this exile perspective of the south. i had gotten this perspective of the hurt is the grieved in bittered turning one's back on the south perspective. and i needed to be here in order to be about to see what they left and they gave me a sense of the enormity of the sacr