there's a case called the american insurance association versus garmindi, a 2003 decision where justice souter wrote a 5-4 decision holding that the state of california did not have the authority to require global insurance companies like alliance who defrauded holocaust victims out of billions of dollars in insurance pollsies. he held that the state of california did not have the pow tore require those companies to produce records about their treatment of holocaust victims during that period of time and what was unusual about the decision it was the first time he decided no precedent preempting a state law based upon the so-called policy of the executive branch, there was no statute, there was no constitutional provision, there was no treaty and there were four dissents in that case, the decent was written by justice ginburg, justice scalia and justice thomas, so this was a case that despite the lack of precedent, it seem today me that the majority went out of its way despite the context to put holocaust victims at a disadvantaged after elected governments had done what they could with