of the entire japanese garrison of 100,000 troops, at least 90,000 were killed.jority of these prisoners did not give up until the action was almost over, and then only when they had exhausted every possible means of resistance. after more than 80 days of continuous fighting, the island of okinawa is completely in the hands of the 10th army. the marine third amphibious corps has completed its mission in the operation, an operation that has given the american forces an vital seann airbase, a base that strikes the enemy supply route to the south and is only 400 miles from the mainland nerve center of the japanese empire. ♪ >> up next reel america, okinawa, keystone of the pacific , in 1958 u.s. army big picture episode that tells the story of okinawa. how the island evolved from a world war ii battle site to a korean airfield to an important overseas american military base in the 1950's. 1971,ed between 1951 and the big picture was a weekly television report for the army and the american republic -- american public. ♪ narrator: the united states army picture.," anb

i therefore resolved to withdraw the garrison. he gave the torres a choice. if they would unite and defend the district he would leave a small party to assist them and send detach chts now and then if greene moved forces into the district. families who chose to leave could take up rents on abandoned plantations in the low country. greene marched off in march with part of his force. 50 rodden soldiers in those heavy woollen uniforms collapsed and died. rodden left the torres to make up their minds but their morale had bottomed out. despite their temporary deliverance over many months they had proven superior and chose to leave not long after escorted by the colonel and his battalions they made their own sad track down country refugees in their own land, the last british post in the back country abandoned. the rebels in control. greene and his little army would fight one more major battle but not against lord rodden. there he is. that is lieutenant colonel francis lord rodden. he was ill. he suffered with malaria throughout the events just described and took le

some did but garrison fraser did not. in this discussion, we can start to see what freed people wanted theytheir lives even as look at the governmental exploration for what freedom meant for freed people. they were already asserting what they wanted freedom to be. is building on our conversations of freedom and freed black life and how precarious it was. -- in moving into what two freedom meaning more. what could it mean? one of the other things that was connecting was the question of how do black people appear on the landscape of the united states? at the beginning of the term we talked about whether black -- identity formation or was it something about pushing the nation to live out the true meaning of the crete. we are thinking about the question of whether or not freed people were pushing the meaning of what this nation was supposed to be and what its founding documents claim trip. in the process of doing that, we will start to see how it was that when people talk about emancipation and the moment of reconstruction, t

yes, some did but garrison frazier did not. even as it is couched in this governmental exploration of what was freedom going to mean for free people, they were already thinking about what they wanted freedom to be. this is building on our conversations of freedom and free black life and how precarious it was. we are moving to where freedom could mean something more. what did that freedom mean when we think about it from the perspective of free people? when of the other things that we are connecting to from the earlier part has to do with this question of how do black people appear on the landscape of the u.s.? started at the beginning of the term talking about whether black people's experience in the u.s. is a part of identity formation or if it is about pushing the nation to live out the true meaning of its creed. we are going to be thinking about this question of whether or not free people were pushing the meaning of what this nation was supposed to be and what its founding document claimed for it. in the process of doing tha

some did, but garrison fraser did not.this discussion, we can start to see what it is that free people wanted from their lives even as it is couched in this governmental exploration for what was freedom going to mean for the freed people. what is it they wanted freedom to mean, what they wanted freedom to be? this is building on our conversations of freedom and free black life and how precarious it was. we are moving into that freedom can mean something more. what did freedom mean when we think about it from the perspective of the freed people? one of the other themes that we are connecting to from the early part of the term has to do with this question of how do black people appear on the landscape of the united states? we started at the very beginning of the term we talked about whether black people's risk -- experience in the united states was about identity formation or was it something about pushing the nation to live out the true meaning of its creed. we are thinking about the question of whether or not freed people

i, therefore resolved, to disso lve the garrison. if they would unite in defendant's are, he would leave a small party to assist them and send attachments now and then if greene moved forces into the district. families he chose to leave to take up residence on abandoned plantations of the low country. on20 june, he marched off with part of his force. in the marched down country, 50 of his soldiers in those woolen uniforms collapsed and died. broaden left the tories to make up their minds, but their morale had bottomed out, despite the temporary deliverance over many months, rebel partisan militia had proven superior to the total militia--tory militia. they chose to leave not long after escorted by colonel kruger who made their own sad treck down country. the last british post in the backcountry. the rebels are in control. greene and his army would fight one more major battle. but not against the lord roden. there he is. colonel francis lord rawden. this had been a bravura performance. he suffered with malaria throughout the events de

i, therefore, resolved to withdraw the garrison. he gave the torreys a choice if they would unite, he would lead a small party to assist them, send attachments now and then if greene moved forces into the district. families who chose to leave could take up residents on abandoned locations. on 20 june, he marched off with part of his force. by the way, in the march downed country, 50 of rodden's soldiers in heavy woollen uniforms collapsed and died. rodden left the torreys to make up their minds, but their morale bottomed out. despite their temporary deliverance over many months, rebel partisan militia had proven superior to the torrey mi militia. they chose to leave. not long after, escorted by colonel krueger and his battalions they made their own sad trek, last british post abandoned, rebels in control. greene and his little army would fight one more major battle. but not against lord rodden. lieutenant colonel frances lord rodden. he was ill, had suffered with malaria throughout the events just described and took leave of america

garrison manage the class a stockton ports last season we have a new section on our website and we could use your help viewers are being asked to submit their heroes of the coronavirus outbreak. >>with the hashtag kron 4year olds to give them the recognition, they deserve you can find the link at kron 4 dot com. our 4 zone forecast as we take a live look outside at the embarcadero and the city and the bay bridge and joining us now from home our chief meteorologist lawrence karnow to tell us what's ahead lawrence. a guy certainly a nice day around the bay area spring sunshine and really nice temperatures some places getting in the 60's and even a couple low 70's outside tonight, beautiful shot for you look back and timber on the sum of moving in over the redhead limbs who sued after one of them a little bit overnight tonight of course along the coastline but that's about it otherwise we have a weak cold front that's kind of dropping it as a state but fallen apart as it moves on through so that means not much energy left for us to get any rain but it can help them excel some of the clouds

the forts garrison needed to be supplied and lincoln pressed by northern opinion, decided to send an unarmed vessel with provisions. he alerted south carolina's governor and hoped the slave holding states that remained in the union would be sympathetic. jefferson davis's government under similar pressure from their citizenry to seize the fort wished to avoid firing the first shot. in the end, the confederates asked major robert anderson, the fort's commander, to surrender his garrison before the relief ship arrived. anderson refused and on april 12th there was a bombardment. 36 hours later, the fort capitulated. on april 15th lincoln issued a call for 75,000 90 -day volunteers to repress the rebelli rebellion. i appeal to all loyal citizens to maintain the honor, integrity, and the existence of our national union in the perpetuity of popular government and to redress wrongs already long enough endured. all who oppose this assertion of federal authority, lincoln continued, should disperse and retire to their respective abodes within 20 days from this date. that happened. >> the firing

the sons of liberty have the troops as the military occupation but then they complain boston is a garrison town and he and other get really annoyed with soldiers and patrols and the constables who are complaining about these officers. so those men are all fairly and happy but i think their complaints are not the only way we should think about the presence of troops in boston. instead we should think of another place in the term of a garrison town but to recall in pride and prejudice. so think of the excitement that having a regiment quartered a few miles away created for that family. fathers might be anxious but young women were delighted. so imagining herself in that encampment, she saw all the glories of the camp with the beauty and uniformity of lines and then to complete the view found herself flirting with at least six officers at once. [laughter] and then during the napoleonic wars were not so different from those red coated men from boston's young men during that revolution so that the arrival of troops from 1768 is pretty exciting for local women. the arrival of 2000 men all of the

by that point, they garrison knows the aloe low has fallen.ize it's time to gather up the forces that they have and consolidate. >> fanon received word that a company of his men are pinned down by general urea of mexico. he sends reinforcements to extricate the men back to gilly at. but the men would not make the return trip. >> art of the men that we're there were killed, the other part of the men break off acros the prairie headed back towards victoria. what slows down fanon as he doesn't know what's going on. >> so he has two contingents down, doesn't find out what happen. communication is terrible. he doesn't know what to do. he finally decides i have an idea. i think i'm going to leave. this is a fortress, it still stands hundreds of euros later, so i'm wondering would he have been better off staying? get the problem with any of the fortifications is once you dig in and one spot, you could be surrounded fairly easily. >> he travels about 8 miles to the river where he surrounded b the mexican army. dug in and ready to fight, he's told by t

instead i would like us to think about a very different place for me think about the term garrison town. we should all take a minute to recall jane austen's pride and prejudice. think of the excitement that having a regiments quarter a few miles away created that for that family fathers might be anxious but young women were delighted. sophie think about lydia bennett imagining herself at a regiment of gent residential encampments. a quota lost in here she's great purchase all the glories of camps, it's tense stretched forth crowded with the young and the gay and to complete the view she saw herself tenderly flirting with at least six officers at once. [laughter] soldiers they really were not so different from the red coated menu came to boston and caught the eye of boston's young women before the revolution. so pride and prejudice i think helps us notice that the arrival of troops in 1768 was pretty exciting for local women. the arrival of nearly 2000 men, all these men who are young and single, all had a steady small income, could not help but attract the attention when women outnumber

instead i'd like to think but a very different place when we think about that term garrison town. i think we should take a minute to recall american in jane austin's pride and prejudice. so, think of the excitement that having a regiment quarters a few miles away created for the family. fathers might be anxious but a young women were delighted. so, if you think but -- imagining herself as a regimental encam; she saul d encamp: he saw the degrees of the camp, crowd if we young and gay dazzling with scar let and she saw herself, bee anything a tend -- beneath a tent, tenderly flirting with at least six officers at once. the soldiers that bee guile he begild the young women were -- caught the eyes of boston's young women in the years before the revolution so pride and prejudice helps us notice that the arrival of troops in 1768 was pretty exciting for local women. the arrival of nearly 2,000 men, all these men, many young and single, all of them with a steady if small income, could not help put attract the attention of young men especially when actually women outnumber men in boston

garrison had served 44 years in prison after he was convicted of murder as a 16-year-old. in ohio, more than 1800 prisoners and over 100 prison staff have now tested positive for covid-19 at the marion correctional institution. the prison is now the nation's leading coronavirus hotspot. in arkansas, governor asa hutchinson announced tuesday that nearly 40% of the state's coronavirus cases are concentrated at the cummins maximum security prison, where some 850 prisoners have tested positive. in southerern greece 148 8 asylm , seseekers have t tested posite for r covid-19 at t a hotel convnverted into a a quarantine cecenter for migigrants. most o of those ininfected are single parents from the democratic republic of the congo and cameroon. this follolows two otherer coronavirus outbrereaks at crowd migranant camps nearar athens. mexican officials say the country hahas entered its most severe stage i in the spread o f the cocoronavirus, what they rer to as phase three, as cases surge, with the death toll topping 2600. meanwhile, hundreds of factory workers in ciudad juarez p

instead, i would like us to think about a very different place when we think about the term, garrison town. we should all take a minute to recall merited in jane austin's pride and prejudice. so, think of the excitement that having a regiment quartered a few miles away created for that family. fathers might be anxious but young women were delighted. so, if you think of bennett and matching herself at an in car can't make, she saw all of the glories of the camp. it's ten stretched forth in beauty and uniformity of lines crowded with a young and dazzling with garlic and to complete the view she saw herself seated beneath the tenth tenderly flirting with at least six officers at once. [laughter] the soldiers that beguiled the young woman during were not so different from those red coated men who came to boston and caught the eye of boston's young women in the years before the revolution. so, pride and prejudice i think helps us notice that the arrival of troops in 1768 was pretty exciting for local women. the arrival of nearly 2000 men, many young and single, all with a steady, small inc

the clerk at the time meeting starts complaining boston is become a garrison town. and he and of the men are walking to boston tonight get really annoyed that they're being stopped industry by soldiers and patrols and meanwhile the constables for making the night watch complaining about all these officers. so they are, those men are all fairly unhappy but i think their complaints are not the only way that we should think about the presence of troops in boston instead i would like us to think about a very different place when you think about that term garrison town. we should all take a minute to recall mary ten in jane austen pride and prejudice. think of the excitement that having a a regiment quartered a few miles away created for that family out long born. father slightly anxious young women were delighted. if you think about imagining herself at original encampment, she saw all the glories of the camp, it's tent stressed for crowded with the young and the gay and dazzling with scarlet and to complete the future she saw herself beneath the tent tenderly flirting

webster garrison is now breathing on his own after being on a ventilator for the past three weeks. he was first diagnosed with the virus at the end of march. the 54-year-old has spent the past 20 years as a coach in the a's minor league system. >>> what's going to happen to the most prestigious tennis tournament in the country? a decision whether to postpone or cancel the u.s. open is expected to be made in june. the u.s. tennis association says the tournament in new york city can be played with fans, but that decision will be made in conjunction with a team of doctors. it's scheduled for late august. the french open, by the way, was already postponed from may to september, and wimbledon was canceled altogether. >>> coming up on our second half hour, where is that stimulus check? people in the bay area haven't received them, some of them. can't track them down either. chris chmura shows you what you want to do to make sure you get your money. >>> plus -- >> you can't really expect anything that's like normal until there's an immunization available. >> santa clara county is flatteni

webster garrison is now breathing on his own, after being on a ventilator for the past three weeks. his fiance tweeted today that he is breathing 100% on his own, and his oxygen saturation level is at 100%. he was first diagnosed with the virus at the end of march. the 54-year-old spent the past 20 years as a coach of the a's minor league system. >>> a man stole a string of protective equipment an east bay nursing home and police have caught him. fremont police say he broke into the college and stole protective govs an sanitizing wipes and masks and you maim it. and stole about a 1,000 n95 masks which are in high demand. and police arrested him as he was driving away from the school and they were about to get a thousand masks back. in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, that has slowed down international trade, the port of oakland welcomed one of the world's largest cargo ships today. the 1300-foot vessel, collecting a backlog of empty containers in southern california. it will spend 24 hours here, loading new cargo, and the ship can hold hor than 19,000 containers, making it one

study that was carried out by a french trade organization this is the professional committee of ox garrison expands that around that may have to be toast in 2020 as a result of what's going on now while many people are locked out of sam's salles called and that has been made available for museums around the world there is also concerned that she could have an impact. on what the un has described as being an already fragile cultural industry which should be much more measured to cost over counter-argue have to prove that there is a special need it is hard to quantify the consequences as this is happening but this sector is in deep distress culture is really part of the heart of frantic it pumps through the entire country finance people together and there is a real fear that this pandemic could seriously impact that up next are to documentary brings you the invisible class exploring perceptions of homelessness in america back in 30 minutes with the latest. thank. you so did somebody. let me see yes. i was on the floor some days in my bathroom you know trying praying. i. guess it's time for we

study that was carried out by the french trade organization this is the professional committee of ox garrison expand that around that matter permanently closed door in 2020 as a result of what's going on and he said the young galleries well perhaps most at risk now while many people are locked out of sam's soul. really called it that has been made available for museums around the world there is also concerned that you could have an impact. on what the un has described as being in an already french our cultural industry which should be much more measured to get stuff to counteract you have to prove that there is a special need it is hard to quantify the consequences as this is happening but this sector is in deep distress culture is really part of the heart of frantic it pumps through the entire country by people together and there is a real fear that this pandemic could seriously impact that for the future and for future generations now we already knew that life may never be the same again but perhaps it's now due warning of some of us just how much we still have left to loose joe if you can

one of the key areas that we heard from garrison fraser, what do free people want? land. they want to be independent, and land was an important part of it. they wanted control of their own labor, fruits of their own labor. one way we get a look at what free people wanted was a look at now the pretty famous letter of a formerly enslaved man named jordan anderson writing to his enslaver inlaver -- response to his request that he returned to the plantation he left from and return to work. very memorably challenges the former enslaver about the way he treated him, the violence he visited upon him and his family. he said basically in dayton, ohio he is able to work and get paid every week. his wife is able to be respected and called by her name as misses anderson. he calculates how much money he would get in back pay if his pay himnslaver were to the hourly wage he gets now for the years of service he had done without pay, if you would compensate mandy for her labor as well, and taxed the amount of care for any metered out to him while he was enslaved. he estimated the amount

he was assigned to a couple of lonely garrisons. in 1854, he showed up somewhere drunk. he was put out of the service. there was an active rumor mill. old toys about his insistent drinking. >> now he is a civilian. you have a poignant description of him. he ends up selling firewood in st. louis to support his family. mr. chernow: try making it as a farmer. it was very industrious. but he did not make a go of it. he walks beside the wagon. he sells firewood on the street corners. he was bearded, disheveled, unkempt looking. one of his old army buddies ran into him on the street and with shocked by his unkempt appearance. his response was very poignant. he said he was solving the problem of poverty. >> then fort sumter happens. you write that he joins the voluntary infantry in illinois and then took a position in the union army. you write that a changeover code-7 -- overcomes him. mr. chernow: there was a shortage of officers. he had fought with great distinction in the mexican war. his rise gives new meaning to the term meteoric. 12 months after the outbreak of the civil

and now mutaguchi in july, 1937, was commander of the first infantry regimen of the china garrison army, which is at the marco polo bridge. he was one of those that was among many that was responsible for this incident developing into something and going beyond a local resolution. and so mutaguchi came to feel that he was responsible for getting japan into the war and then he thought that he had, therefore that he had a moral responsibility to deliver a knockout blow against the british and bring and end to the war and get japan out of the war. now, he didn't feel this because he regretted getting japan into the war. he just had this exaggerated view of his importance in all of these events. and in addition to these personal factors of why mutaguchi came to favor an offensive into india, there are also certainly military rationales. first of all was the win gate operation, the chindit operation from february to may 1943 which professor millett just mentioned. and as a result of that operation, mutaguchi, among others, drew a couple of conclusions. first of all, it convinced him that siz

laura jane garrison. mary ann fritzler. don fritzler. ashley megan eckles.ne louise crega cregan. >> we continue to remember our friends and family from the social security administration, first floor. gabreon d.l. bruce. peachlan bradley. my aunt, carol louise bowers. cassandra k. booker. olita c. bidding. peola battle. calvin battle. sandra g. "sandy" avery. pamela cleveland argo. richard a. allen. theresa antoinette alexander. ♪ >>> good morning. i want to thank you for joining us on our 168-day journey, as we have been looking back and thinking forward. we began with this powerful message. on day one, we heard our story put into story put into historical historical perspective. i'm here, thinking forward, learning and connecting the past with the future. lessons learned here from the bombing and combining history, science and technology teach relevant lessons impacting kids' lives today. our redeveloped oklahoma standard will be taught in schools and to adults alike. it reminds us of the core tenet s, rising to honor and stepping up to be kind. i encoura

and then to become a garrison town and those i get really annoyed to be stop by soldiers and patrols and with those drunken officers. so those men are all fairly unhappy. but their complaints are not the only way we should think about the presence of troops in boston. for us to think about a very different place we should all take a minute for jane austen's pride and prejudice. think of the excitement having a regiment quartered for that family fathers might be anxious that they were delighted so imagine bennett imagining herself at the regimental encampment. to see all the glories of the camp with the young to complete the view with at least six officers at once. [laughter] of the napoleonic wars and then to caught the eye of boston young women with the arrival of troops was pretty exciting for local women the arrival of 2000 men with a steady and small income could not help but to attract the attention of young men when they outnumber for this moment but so many throwing the streets and the unmarried woman might be able to find a husband maybe even living in the family spare room w

said that and of that description, garrisons is closer because the constitution is a compromise, a deal. you get an american nation, but you must accept slavery. that is a bargain with people, a deal with the devil. like most deals with the devil, it does not work out well, because what happens? the founders' constitution is proslavery but not as proslavery as it could have been. it does not entrench slavery forever. its protection of the international slave trade expires in 1808. slavery gets pushed down the road and that road leads where? to the battlefields of the civil war. the civil war happened because the founders' constitution compromised and did not resolve the issue of slavery. i mean that first in a political sense. constitution could have taken a position one way or the other. it could have said slavery forever, and maybe that would have been ratified, or it could d, notaid slavery will en immediately, certainly would not have been ratified, but maybe in a number of years. it could have done something to set slavery on a path to extinction and a path everyone understood. the

militants that and reinforce all the troops and there were combat troops there were not under a garrison true. whether we shall be brought in conscious helicopters from which they would fiery weapons and artillery rocket launchers we have reports from them but they were told officially by the military but they needed to leave in the few days before the 25th the borders this was in preparation for the genocide of attacks that have later on in august last year several months. seemingly quiet and peace on the 25th of august 3rd you police outpost as well as the regimental headquarters in downtown is not a village when i jacked by armed groups the security forces have been instructed to . to avoid collateral damage and the farming of innocent 7 civilians we have never been soft on human rights in this country. but i don't know how to get a static over the other hand at all but. rather that the military. mind under the. and you got a jet i think what i want to say. it out of the money headline my husband a good thing at the beginning. but i wasn't going to she don't want to tell a false 10000

william lloyd garrison's newspaper called the spectacle as humiliating as it was extraordinary. was this meeting typical of interactions with african-americans? should it be held out as exemplary of his behavior. lincoln began engaging in a way no other president ever had. he traveled to the volunteers. they said, kill the brother of lincoln. as one of his comrades wrote in a diary, he had his head cut open to the bone. the pennsylvania soldiers eventually made it. biddle laid in pain, a pool of blood staining the floor where he slept that night. he took each manned by the hand, including nicholas -- he took each manned by the hand, including nicholas biddle. he said his pain was mixed with pleasure at the capitol because it was his privileged to be visited by abram lincoln, to be -- abraham lincoln, to be taken by the hand and received by the president with words of cheer. until the day he died, he never tired of telling people about what he called the supreme hours of his life, the time that he was wounded in baltimore and met abraham lincoln. lincoln welcomed his first black

being retreated to gibraltar, judging as a failure his failure and leaving the last british garrison on the island. the victory and the taking of mallorca were trumpeted near and far in the french press. it was a triumph of symbolic importance in the early stage of the war end of strategic value, especially when the treaty of paris was devised and majorca was exchanged. as this occurred in voltaire's narrative events, the cruelty was far beyond battle. crimes were perpetrated not only by enemies, but the very states for which a military man had been willing to lay down his life in combat. i have lingered on this textual example because it foreground several issues i will speak about this evening. first, this is set in the seven years war. revenge, they say, is a dish best served cold in the decade or so between the close of the seven years war and the initiation of french aid for the american cause allow the french to hit back at england to rebalance the system of global imperial power. second, the humiliating loss not only fueled, in part, the french engagement in the french of -- r

judging as a failure his mission to debilitate the french flotilla and leave the last standing british garrison on the island at port mann. the victory were trumpeted near and far by the french crown and press. it was a triumph of symbolic importance, in the early stage of the war. and of strategic value especially when the treaty of paris was devised and it was exchanged for the return of the lucrative french antilles and e belisle off the coast. the cruelty and cost of war extended far beyond battles themselves. crimes were perpetrated not only by enemies, but also by the very state for which a military man had been willing to lay down his life in combat. i've lingered on this textural example because it foregrounds several of the issues i will speak about this evening. first, this episode in condid is set in the seven years war, whose disastrous outcome for the french motivated louis xvi and his ministers to take up arms in the american revolution. revenge, they say, okay, revenge, they say, is a dish best served cold. and the decade or so between the close of the seven years war and the ini

william lloyd garrison's newspaper "the liberator" captured the complexity and multiple pieces of this meeting calling it a spectacle as humiliating as it was extraordinary. here is the question i want to set out for today. was this meeting with lincoln and the black delegation in august 1862, was this typical of his meetings with african-americans? should it have been held as exemplary of his behavior as "the new york times" has done? to put it simply, i would argue absolutely not. as early as april of 1861 lincoln began engaging with african-americans in ways that no other president ever had. on april 18th, a baltimore mob badly wounded a black servant named nicholas bittel who was traveling from pennsylvania to washington, d.c., with the regimen of pennsylvania volunteers. someone in this mob shouted "n" word in uniform, while the other yelled kill the damned brother of abe lincoln. bittel received a horrifying blow to the face by a paving stone thrown in his direction. as one of his comrades wrote in his diary, nick bittel had his head cut open by a stone thrown. the pennsylvania s

william lloyd garrison's newspaper the liberator captured the multiple meetings of the meeting, calling it a spectacle as humiliating as it was extraordinary. here is the question i want to set up for today. was this meeting of lincoln with the black delegation typical of his meetings or interactions with african-americans? should it be held out as exemplary of his behavior as the new york times has done. to put it simply, i would argue absolutely not. as early as april of lincoln 1861, began engaging in a way no other president ever had. on april 18, a baltimore mob did a black servant named nicholas biddle who was traveling from pennsylvania to washington, d.c. with a regiment of pennsylvania volunteers. -word inshouted, n uniform. he received a horrifying blow to the face from a paving stone that was thrown in his direction. as one of his comrades wrote in his diary, nick biddle had his head cut open to the bone with a stone thrown by one of the secess. they were quartered in the u.s. capitol. ofdle latent pain, a pool blood staining the floor where he slept that night. the next day

garrison, among others, set behind the bar, refusing to participate because of the exclusion of groups. for stanton, she described it as a political turning point in her life, meeting lucretia mont and these other women who had for years already in the 1840's being already struggling about these issues. >> you and jeff were just talking about the exhibit. we were talking about something presummit a false. just as important to the movement, the main focus of the exhibit drops you in at 1848 at the convention. so, you know, what's the approach to telling the story of , you know, stanton, her work ofor, incorporating the work the anti-slavery movement and the importance of that to suffrage? >> is interesting when you go to start an exhibit, you have a limited space. it's always -- you have to make important decisions at the get-go. where will we start in time? where will we end in time? it's not always clear-cut. decided to go with 1848. that doesn't mean that we don't acknowledge what's happening before. historical events occurring before that, what was voting like at the founding is rea

he was befriended by abolitionist leaders like william garrison and douglas becomes the voice of black america. he creates newspapers, he debates with lincoln. he really was seen as somebody who would sort of demand that america live up to its state of identity his state of ideals he is not the only person to do that but he was considered the most visible african american in the 19th century. >> he was very articulate and very eloquent and many people were surprised by that because in those days, if you were a slave you are not allowed to learn how to read. it was considered against the law and some states, so is was that against the law and some states? how did he actually learn how to read and was that part of his appeal, that he was very educated and people were so surprised to see such an educated african american at that? time >> douglas -- there were two things that were crucial to enslaved people. one was freedom. that was the most important thing. but the other thing was, that may be the key to freedom was education, being able to read. so douglas was able to learn to read by p