paul gaston will fall andy. paul was actually both my and andy's dissertation advisor at the university of virginia where he taught for decades after receiving his doctorate in u.s. southern history from the university of north carolina at chapel hill. paul has written a number of works on various topics including the new south, the history of fair hope alabama, south africa and the civil rights movement in the united states. paul has won numerous awards. most recently the naacp's legendary civil rights activist award. again, as you see on the table, it looks as if the books are going to be talking but they're not. they're there to represent the two tors tonight. they both recently published these new books. they will be available after their talks to sign, for purchase and to be signed by our authors and again we'll take questions and comments after we're done with the two authors. so if you will wait until they're both done. . .. >> are not an experience they could relate to, so in many ways i thought of this

. >> host: talking about the idea of redistricting and changing the formula we have had gaston are program whose say just a gridlock in congress and is a reflection of that as well. if you were to rewrite the rules across the country could be potentially not all the damp down the wing nut but also get things moving and congress? >> you could because there be a positive incentive but now instead if you even write the op-ed fed town halls are shouted at as traders. we have confused the idea of cooperation with collaboration in the world were $0.2 her is a real problem because the founders wanted to focus on the common ground too not of politics predetermined get to figure out the common elements but that is stopped by politics that condemns any form of government. >> host: we have time for a couple more questions. >> i am from new jersey. i want to know why do think the political spectrum has been split into two? would you call an extremist from the old whig party? [laughter] >> we call them whiggy. [laughter] >> otherwise you might see what we see and israel. the desire is this is what caus