hunters and gatherers left behind little archeological evidence. later they probably migrated to less fertile regions perhaps near newly populated areas. along the coasts of northern europe they found rich fishing grounds and decided to settle. here in the colony model region on the west coast of ireland archaeologists are researching this key transitional phase. this is the only model of this type of torching was stretch of coast here so this is clearly a very significant place that has survived in the landscape it's likely to be much bigger in the past. so i only need to show the show has pointed to a seasonal occupation site as part of a seasonal round of living on the shore here we have all the shell middens on the shoreline here but there are inches or centimeters deep this is a monumental mitten if you like or like any other one along the shoreline here so it's it's it's a particular site and probably is sacred dimension to us. hopefully we get to explore in time as the site has been ruled. by the elements. looks like a court site now archaeo

this didn't bother the hunter gathering peoples but and. as soon as they became seven terry and began to cultivate large fields the boulders became a big problem fish died it was good my student was even and for him beat me. by this time people had learned how to move heavy objects like boulders. this was a major development. given i was to try to get food and get people's discovered the concept of traction and approximately four thousand b.c. this is just about the time that the first megaliths were built as well get the good people who had used teams of oxen to pull the boulders out of the fields. and they use these boulders to build cold sites or tunes or men hears about these large single structures. well securely so they found practical uses for these boulders and they cleared their fields as well. they used the same teams of oxen to plow those fields and became incredibly productive much more so than southern european peoples who hadn't discovered that kind of ploughing yet you know how bulger's of. farming at this time was hard work

your phone is gathering a lot of information beyond just having a microphone and camera, and you haveo be aware of who is getting that data and potentially how it's being used. >> is there anyone who is more vulnerable you're assuming that if you go in you know how to put it in airplane mode or turn off location services? there's a lot of people -- i'm thinking about my grandmother. she doesn't even know how to do that. >> she may not, and when an app gets installed it often asks you do you want to grant access to your photos, microphone or location services and you can say no and a lot of people say yes to everything, assume that the app is going to use that information for some kind of convenience. you have to be aware of the apps that you've got and what they are gathering. >> how do you protect yourself >> first of all, put your phone in airplane mode hand don't download apps you don't need a lot of apps, these kind of attacks can just be small pieces of code in an app that you don't think is being used for something like that, like a flashlight app. >> even if you go through and

hunters and gatherers eventually learned to travel by sea. later some of the sedentary farmers also use boats to travel west we don't know whether they used sailboats or rowing boats. in any case rowing boats were easier to maneuver. these migrants spread gradually to mediterranean islands including one that today is known as malta. the republic of malta actually consists of three inhabited islands malta itself plus camino and gozo and several smaller islands that are uninhabited malta is located approximately eighty kilometers south of sicily on a clear day one can see sicily from goes over likewise one can see gold so from sicily so one must assume. there was a degree of curiosity in the people from society just wondering us toward the sly. was that lays slightly beyond the horizon. however it's it's hard to grasp why people would decide to leave such a fair trial island a society and in order to occupy and colonize somewhere the earth was far away. the first to arrive were probably explorers perhaps then followed by their families . about

china shop donald trump style and negotiation skills were on full display at this year's annual nato gathering he was not shy about how he feels about the alliance now the trump putin summit is front and center be a mere photo op or something more. to look at the sheriff's office. the sheriff's office has a half a billion dollar budget i don't think it's too many departments that have somewhere around five hundred fifty or five hundred and. the budget. that's a pretty lucrative bunch. talking about a lot of money involved you're talking about. a lot of power and if you're not in there click then you're then you're a problem now the sheriff sheriff job. and this is not written anywhere in a contract but my feeling is that the sheriff's job is to protect the rich people pay for his campaigns to be. from. from the normal bradshaw says his crime fighting days are far from over for the people of beach county think that i'm doing a good enough job to be able to have a great grandchild was sworn in for the fourth time that beach county sheriff. sheriff gardner. the sheriff bradshaw is an interesting

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on new year's eve, we gather again, and like you, we raise our glasses in a toast to the year to come, to our hopes for ourselves, for our families, and, yes, for our nation and the world. this year, the future of the nation and the world is particularly on our minds. we are thinking of our nation because in the year ahead, we americans will choose our next president. every adult citizen has a role to play in the making of this decision. we will listen to what the candidates say. we will debate their views, and our own. and in november, we will vote. i will still be president next january, but soon after that, a man or woman leading our current will be the one the american people pick this coming november. as i said, we americans will also be thinking about the future of the world this year. for the same reasons that you will be thinking of it, too. in a few months, general secretary gorbachev and i hope to meet once again, this time in moscow. last month in washington, we signed the intermediate nuclear forces treaty in which we agreed to eliminate an entire class of u.s. and soviet

there was a lot of anxiety at the gathering and a mixture of sadness and outrage. a vigil turned demonstration was filled with frustration. family, friends and supporters of nia wilson gathered where the 18-year-old was stabbed to death sunday night by a stranger. >> i feel that the community failed people of color, for one. i feel that bart has failed. >> she is friends with the victim's family and they gathered where they spill into the street and expressed outrage. >> how do we let a man get on bart and slit a woman's throat and walk off through our community and no stopping him? >> she didn't do nothing to nobody. >> abc 7 spoke to nia's older sister who had a bandage on her neck where she was stabbed. they had a family gathering when john cowell attacked them with a knife. >> she just yelled my name and i looked back and he was wiping off this knife and stood at the stairs and just looked. >> behind the megaphone, there was silence and tears. evidence of deep seeded suffering in oakland. >> part of the pain and the anger here today is about this horrific crime

gathered in the east room, the comeal panel which would to be known as the eisenhower commission, includedss american life, church, and labor. education >> my charge to you is simple and direct. i ask you to undertake a penetrating search for the causes and the prevention of violence. a search into our national life. our past as well as our present. our traditions as well as our institutions. our culture, our customs, and our laws. i hope your search will yield first an understanding and insight into the kinds of violent aberrations which have struck down public figures and private citizens alike. second, i hope your search will uncover the causes of disrespect for law and order. disrespect for proper authority home and disrespect for public officials. and of violent disruptions of public order by individuals and groups. third, i hope your search really to sensible and practical action to control or prevent these outbreaks of violence. curb this violence will be a bill president johnson june. into law in 1968 is streets act of the first major legislation ever passed that confronts the prob

they have been and they have been gathering throughout they have been gathering throughout the day.m around 4pm — 5pm. we saw protesters coming here to make noise, and i think that was the feeling here that people wa nted was the feeling here that people wanted to make noise. probably around 7pm this evening, we saw 150 protesters bringing what they could to make the noise they wanted to. theiraim was to to make the noise they wanted to. their aim was to keep donald trump up their aim was to keep donald trump up all night, they wanted to —— they brought pots and pans, whatever they could bells were ringing. it was a very different site a few hours ago, people holding placards that read all sorts of things, telling trump to go home, even going so far as to say "put trump in jail, to go home, even going so far as to say "put trump injail, he's not welcome here". that was the main message coming through, and we are about a quarter of a mile from when fieldhouse. a huge security fence here has been put up to keep people back. extra security measures are in place, around 50 metro police

at a gathering of delegates to the national rural association.ur obligation to teachers,ts, to your to your principles, but you also have a very strong, compelling obligation to your country. survive as ang to free nation, if we're going to have the liberty that we want, if we're going to have the opportunity, the prosperity, the jobs, the housing, the beautification, all the things that we like and want, we're going to have to have first qualified leaders. better talent to work on the new young people who come from earl america. throughresident follow on a promise he made to the nation's young people this month. he sent to congress a message asking for them to vote to be -- the vote to be given to 18-year-old. the first lady page review to local projects that have accused -- improves the face of the nation's capital. >> i drove around the town to war three hours because i wanted to see the accomplishments firsthand. i was delighted with the variety and extent of your efforts. some of you have cleared vacant lots to provide much-needed recreation

a time for family to gather together, a time for prayer and a time to think about peace. that is true in america, too. americans traveled across the country in their cars, by train or by airplane to be together with their families. many americans came to the united states from other countries and at this time of year, they look forward to hosting friends and family from their homelands. most of us celebrate christmas or hanukkah and as part of the celebrations, we go to church or synagogue and then gather around the family dinner table after giving thanks for our blessings, we share a traditional holiday meal of goose, turkey, roast beef and exchange gifts. on new year's eve we gather again. like you, we raise our glasses in a toast to the year to come. hopes for ourselves, for families and for our nation and the world. this year, the future of the nation and the world is particularly on our minds. we are thinking of our nation because of the year ahead. we americans will choose a next president. every adult citizen has a role to play in the making of this decision. we wi

seeing there can you give us a sans on the sort of demographic the ages of the people that have gathered to watch that team play today. well again i'm having difficulty hearing you but i i think we're talking about the different generations that basically followed this game and you know back in ninety eight of course that was the first side the from woods won the pole cup and the last time that they won until now that's twenty years ago in many of the founds i've been speaking to a young get them out some of them weren't even born others were children they barely remember even this world cup team and the blue as they are called they're one of the youngest in the tournament came in and backed by to strike out the school to go to sleep and he's only nineteen years old he was born off to france has a victory night chases a speech most downtrend from the ninety everyone talks about to disown your generation he didn't remember the exact victory now that victory to cherish and go forward maybe there will be a party on the show as you say to going for many of these people be moving to the front

be aware of your surroundings and exercise caution and expect to live in the vicinity of large gatherings keep a low profile. one would imagine a special relationship would be a little friendlier but what do we know to say hip in this explosive and politically divided age of ours but why the hate ok trump did slap britain and europe with painful tariffs and steel and alum india and mrs me certainly wasn't happy about it expressed deep disappointment at the unjustified decision of the united states to apply terrorists to steal and i mean even if. it cannot be done by taking unilateral action against your partners then there was the whole iran mess so much effort years of work to get iran to verifiably stop pursuing nuclear weapons and then trump torpedoes it but come on you couldn't have been alone britain's always been there for the states donald trump undermined progress towards normalization of relationships with i have been very clear in a number of conversations with the president of the united states about the belief that the united kingdom the j.c.t. away the nuclear deal with iran

aware of your surroundings and exercise caution if and expect to live in the vicinity of large gatherings keep a low profile. one would imagine a special relationship would be a little friendlier but what do we know who to say hip in this explosive and politically divided age of ours but why they hate ok trump did slap britain and europe with painful tariffs and steal an island minium and mrs me certainly wasn't happy about it expressed deep disappointment at the unjustified decision of the united states to apply terrorists to steal and i'm moving in and. it cannot be done by taking unilateral action against our partners then there was the whole iran mess so much effort years of work to get iran to verifiably stop pursuing nuclear weapons and then trump torpedoes it but come on you couldn't have been alone britain's always been there for the states donald trump. undermined progress towards normalization of relationships with i have been very clear in a number of conversations with the president of the united states about the belief that the united kingdom the j.c.t. away the nuclear deal

[applause] positive change is a gathering force. that is also true.s. that leadership and clarity was on full display when president trump made the decision to move the embassy to jerusalem. [applause] jerusalem has historically been, and is now and will always be the capital of israel. [applause] that is not something that was created by the location of an embassy or by an american physician. america did not make this one israel's capital. the president trump said was recognized the reality that had been denied for too long. jerusalem is the capital of israel. that is a fact. [applause] that president trump had the courage to recognize that when others did not. now, i have to say our embassy decision caused a bit of a stir at the united nations. in the un security council, countries wasted no time in condemning the united states. they showed no mercy, but they gavthatgave me the great honor f casting my first american veto. [cheering] [cheering] the next week because she was brought forth by the general assembly, all 193 countries and a direct attack

her sister party over how to achieve this or commons call as members of the very conservatives are gathering for a decision that. could bring down the government her interior minister horse a hole for is her chief antagonists at the moment he has called for i harder line on immigration and threatened that if area will act on its own guarding border issues a party leaders decide they won't except a migration deal of the chancellor struck with the e.u. on friday. with more on the story now we're going to cross over to our chief political editor mechanic hefner and is standing by at the bavarians conservatives party conference mckayla is there a sense of how momentous this meeting could be. well there certainly is a sense that this is a potential showdown but from what we're hearing it could end up being more of a climb down from really what was a potentially very dangerous moment both for unger machall is chancellor but also first and foremost one can almost say the c.s.u. sister party here in bavaria which prides itself as being more conservative there's no secret it's no secret that hosty we

where protesters have gathered on the president's doorstep. tens of thousands gathered outside the white house on saturday to condemn the trumpet ministrations policy of separating migrant children from their parents at the us mexico border they will never be the same even if they are reunite. here ability to think to process to trust others in future relationships it's. donald trump wasn't home to hear them the people in the park didn't hear. they are outraged by the video and photos of some twenty three hundred children including babies paged like animals in detention centers and by the fact the government doesn't. you know where their parents are being held there's a lot of data. that we don't know that we need from the top administration but they've got a list of parents apparently they've got a list of children they've got to be reconciled we need to know where every parent is that matches up with every child and they've got to tell us that in a publicly accountable manner and i don't think they're going to feel compelled to do that unles

mike what you doing gathering branches gathering what can't you see i'm gathering branches words how come. about i got to go to forest clean. morning workout. this would have been you know have you ever wanted to find a woman to share this life with it seems like a big commitment often born in conflictual sure but it's a radically different way of life the way of chosen to live is also very complicated power you had better have you ever met a woman willing to try even if it didn't work out. oh yeah several what went wrong were dished up another city turned out to be more interesting you know or ordinary life running water or stuff like that. this must be the price yon has to pay for dropping out he says he's fine without a companion but i've known him for a long time and he's often told me he'd like to start a family. but who wants to grow old alone i certainly don't and commitment there's one thing you get used to quickly hand it's things taking longer you often have to wait off of its vast viaducts and by spring for example john just forgot to bring the keys to the house next door

six love, 63 —— 6—3. in action, fans already gathering at henman hill.ldn't underestimate him completely. him completely. so you cannot feel but lucas got a difficult draw here. difficult draw here. not the only former champion here. former champion here. somewhere she has described as being like home to her. like home to her. times —— she has one here seven times. times. from pregnancy so you don't know what we that'll go. what we that'll go. pressure on her but a lot of fans are gathering to see her. are gathering to see her. her sister venus is on court against alexander. alexander. first set, but that is much more on the bbc website. the bbc website. you can get the schedules and results there as well. schedules and results there as well. many of the big names in action today. i'll have more for you in the next hour. missed the football, so i'm glad you made it in time, jane! made it in time, jane! which for me is good for me because i know more about tennis. i know more about tennis. at least you got there for the crucial part! industry after brexit

champions in the football world cup thousands of people gathered on the. late into the night. and russia has officially passed. twenty twenty two games that will be the first middle eastern country to host the tournament. well let's get more on the french victory now we're joined by sports journalists french sports journalist julian he is joining us live from paris very good to have you with us on al-jazeera so how important would you say this victory is for france as a country especially after the difficult times its head over the last few years with the attacks the divisions that followed. well you know france experienced the three very tough years since all the. other country has to face so actually it's a really great mormons to enjoy because the last time so many people gathered on the shores of these there was in two thousand and fifteen after the. reduction of charley a famous newspaper and it's very actually nice to see so many people coming and rejoin altogether but for more. let's say an incredible pictures of the sooner she off people getting together all over the c

if you drill drill drill a level this its navy seals on i gathered i'm down. third is one more after that let that all fit so. it's not that they had to. resign. quitting smoking was. just in some of the disease it's. you get smart you get what you get and i think if. we study the worst idea from. he put. it up on the fact. that. even. if. you want to be able to. i look i don't i let him back in the know jennifer you speak of his faith that the mission would not become. a myth many on the slope of the nitty philosophy nice for us phineas from the dust but what mathematics. about that in one of them it. was. was. was. was. we feel entirely. where you off to. the fun. lonely and then to. go to law if sylvia did out of love. for us it was but no different for. yeah. in the field. and would. be pretty reasonable given. the chance to see some i don't want to get off the field not this. is good news it to the society they have committed to. each which is it to reset the sheet over the duty of the society forces a quote was at the scene so that's your cue for the pol

moscow and french celebrations went into the night after their team's victory thousands of people gathered on the cities they bought some fort worth police who fired water cannons and tear gas for croatia though despite the hosp record has been a significant world cup run it is the first time the country of just four million people has ever reached the final thousands of questions gathered in the capital zagreb smain square to watch the match there were tears after the team's last from sets only defeat in the tournament box there were celebrations too as many were happy that their team reached this. well the countdown is on for the twenty twenty two world cup which will be the first time the tournament has played in the middle east on a gadget or off scale went to see how preparations are going. it may not look that impressive but this piece of concrete is the spots where the cats are twenty twenty two world cup will kick off it can also be seen as symbolic of this country's solid determination to make this tournament a success as it enters the second year blockade imposed on it by its gul

activists have gathered outside the chinese government office in hong kong to mark one year since the death of nobel peace prize winner lucia a veteran of the one thousand nine hundred ninety n.m. and square protests lou died of liver cancer while serving an eleven year sentence for subversion a larger public memorial ceremony scheduled for friday evening. several dozen migrants have been allowed to disembark from an italian coast guard ship in sicily they were initially held on the ship over suspicions that some had been involved in an attempted mutiny a number reportedly tried to take over fearing day would be returned to libya the incident comes amid heightened tensions in europe on the issue of migration. in syria state television reported that government forces have raised the national flag over parts of daraa city that had previously been in rebel hands for years the flag was raised over the post office which is the only government building in the area durai in the south of the country was the birthplace of the end up rising in two thousand and eleven and as were the last rebel

crowds gathered outside the white house in washington still angry at recent emotional scenes of children being separated from their parents but the us mexico border there was particular scorn as protesters filed past the trump. they called for the scrapping of the u.s. customs and immigration agency known as ice it's inhumane and it's recess and it's also completely ineffective i want them to demolish right my family moved to the u.s. when i was a child we have great from poland and when i came here i wasn't going to cage i think it's important for my duty now to be here sure immigration is a huge issue for any country but to be here to be here we actually keep treats people the decency that is are i think really passionate about their families also i gather on the mexican side of the border with the u.s. to protest against separations and deportations. since donald trump took office policies of hate have begun we all know people only migrate out of necessity we demand an end to the racist policies of donald trump you know president trump may have cracked down on unforced separations but

could join us in the next hour members of one of chancellor angela merkel's coalition parties will gather for a decision that could bring down the government the very end conservatives the c.s.u. insist on a harder line when it comes to him. gratian the party will decide today whether to accept the migration deal that the chancellor secured at friday's european union summit where her interior minister course zero for who is also leader of the bavarian conservatives is her chief antagonist at the moment he has said bavaria will act on it so regarding border issues if party leaders determine they don't like the e.u.'s migration of course. political correspondent hans plan to raise with me in the studio to talk about what is potentially a momentous day in germany and in europe as well hans good to see you. of course the chief of the c.s.u. orso macro's interior minister if his very conservatives they don't like they steal what could it mean well under normal circumstances this would just be a difference of opinion on a political issue between two allies but in fact the context is that they w

should suspend intelligence gathering cooperation with the u.a.e. and stop supplying it with weapons. the report says some detainees have been unaccounted for for more than two years many of the families who spoke to amnesty fear they'd never see their loved ones again amid credible allegations of deaths in custody the authors document what they call an opaque system of u.a.e. run formal and informal detention centers operating across five southern yemen governorates it's left hundreds of families in the dark about the fate of their relatives who have no access to lawyers a mistake concludes that there is significant evidence that u.a.e. and u.a.e. backed the yemeni troops have committed a range of egregious detention related violations which cannot be justified under any circumstances it says those suspected of criminal responsibility should be put on trial and well earlier my colleague martin dennis spoke to tirana haas and of amnesty international and she explained how the report was compiled. almost anything else has been investigating some seri

so, if you gather all the taxes of the year you give to them 50%. >> of course i understand that some categories of the population are heavily taxed. >> reporter: so this is the presidential palace? dimitrios tzanakopoulous is greece's government spokesperson. he says the bailout money is being used to pay off the government's loans, and he acknowledges that while the country has succeeded in maintaining a budget surplus the last three years by raising revenues and cutting spending, eethe average k is paying a high price for the crisis. i spent the morning with a goat herder, who, j give you some context, he told us that last year he made 20,000 euros. 10,000 of those had to go to taxes. ofso he is left to live of 10,000 euros. i mean, there are a lot of people like him in greece suffering right now. >> i understand that the burden of the crisis is heavy. people had to go through sacrifices all those years and we try to do our best in order heal some of the wounds the crisis. as for the taxes, the taxation average in greece is around el%, whereas inum, which is the highest in europe,

thousands of people have gathered at the wall, many of them armed with hammers and chisels to chip awaythe remnants of a communist system that seemed to collapse overnight. >> this enormous celebration which was spontaneous overshadowed the official ceremony attended by the leaders of both east and west germany. >> president bush sent a signal to mikhail gorbachev today, there will be no gloating from the white house over the developments in east germany. >> i was in the oval office as part of a pool when the wall came down. >> you don't seem elated and i'm wondering if you're thinking of the problems. >> i'm not an emotional kind of guy. >> bush basically said in effect, i'm not going to poke gorbachev in the eye. >> president george h.w. bush did come into his presidency in the shadow of ronald reagan but maybe we had elected the right man at the right time because he was as internationalist. >> you had had 50 years of the cold war, two visions of the world locked in combat, and then suddenly a whole world of totalitarian rule began to fall. bush was quite cautious. he was really awar

many gathering in the next few hours.otesters outside the us ambassador‘s residence were trying to keep president donald trump awake last night? there was an attempt at a wall of sound, i do not think it made much impact. the us ambassador has 12.5 acres of regents park, it is possible to keep people quite a long way from the bedroom where you are sleeping. i don't think it will disturb him too much. there will be other protests in central london, scotland and wales, and this 20 foot high balloon that will be floated above the palace of westminster, in the shape of a baby wearing a nappy, clutching a mobile phone, designed by the protesters, they say, to represent the president and his whole approach to international relations and diplomacy. he does not like it very much, he thinks the mayor of london is to blame for that happening, he criticised him again today. they have form going back sometime and donald trump used the sun article we have all looked up this morning, criticising theresa may, he also use that to have a

in those meetings led by the national security council in which those agencies that are involved gather around the table what are the current threats and what are we doing in response to those? i am privileged and i helped to form the basis for that discussion. >> back into her 2016 early on i know the fbi was fairly confident that russia was behind the hack but the homeland security made attribution why did it take so long? the response option is a policy decision what is charged with to seek the truth and speak the truth with the best intelligence that we have at the point of time that we have it despite what you think the popular notion of cyberand how that works it isn't the instant something happens we often learn those details later and out of order and then with the job of the integration center is to pull all of that together. so that unprecedented decision with the activity that we saw for policymakers to make. >> the justice department announced last night so maybe the government made their attributions earlier so would that have made a different on politics? >> it's hard to s