general assembly accepted this recommendation, but the job was not yet done. border clashes increased and soon open warfare broke out in this troubled area of the world. the united nations continued efforts for peace and the general assembly appointed a count from sweden as a special mediator. he was charged with negotiating a settlement. he devoted himself to meetings with the arabs and jews and was finally successful in arranging a truce. while striving for a basis for permanent peace in palestine, he was assassinated by terrorists in jerusalem. the world mourned the first united nations casualty in the struggle for world peace. the truce arranged was broken and the violence again spread throughout the disputed areas of palestine. dr. ralph bunch of the united states was appointed acting mediator and continued efforts to find a solution. through dr. bunch's negotiations, final treaties were signed and peace came to the troubled holy land. the state of israel had been proclaimed and the people rejoiced in their new nation, a haven for the displaced and persecuted members of the jewish faith from all over the world. israel was admitted to membership in the united nations and her flag was raised. again the united nations had, through peaceful mediation, resolved an international dispute which had been a threat to world peace. the problem of korea also seemed ideally suited to peaceful settlement under united nations auspices. in september 1947, the united states submitted the question of korean independence to the assembly. a commission was appointed to forward the establishment of a free, democratic government of korea through nationwide elections. the soviets, previously pledged to korean independence, now refused to participate. this policy of obstruction was not new. in seoul, the previous years had seen fruitless meetings between the soviet and united states commanders. soviet obstruction had resulted in the permanent division of the korean people at the 38th parallel, originally established only as a temporary boundary for administrative purposes. the chief task of the newly created united nations commission was to obtain cooperation from the soviet authorities in establishing a united independent republic. this was made impossible by soviet refusal to allow the commission to cross the 38th parallel and cooperate in any way. only in south korea were free elections possible. the united nations assisted in the creation of an independent nation based on the freely expressed will of the people. soviet obstruction had prevented the participation of all koreans in a unified republic, but a republic there was. the newly elected government continued the work of the united states military government, which had voluntarily resigned its powers. land reform, education, public safety, and other projects were the concern of the new government. the people of the republic settled down to the pursuits of peace. suddenly and without warning, the communist controlled north koreans hurled themselves on their peaceful neighbors and, in an act of stark and unprovoked aggression, attempted the destruction of the republic. the peaceful citizens torn from their homes, separated from their families, formed long and miserable lines of refugees, which are always the first fruit of ruthless conflicts. the united nations security council met in emergency session to take action on the north korean aggression. the soviet union chose to be absent. the council dispatched a cease fire order to the north korean regime. this order was ignored. the council voted for united nations military action against the invaders. general douglas macarthur was named commander of the united nations forces in korea and, after visiting the battlefront, he accepted the first united nations battle flag to be flown by the united nations forces fighting the communist invaders. for five weeks, as korean republican and united states forces under the united nations flag fought to stem the tide of north korean communist aggression, while the security council took emergency steps in an effort to halt that aggression, a delegate of the soviet union exempted himself from deliberations and decisions. with the heroic help of the republican fighting forces, the united nations troops fought and fell back, trading space for time until more help could arrive. on august 1, a soviet delegate, for the first time since the invasion, returned to take his seat in the security council. it was the turn of the soviet to preside. he deliberately ignored the north korean communist aggression and began a systematic campaign as president to block any