we issued a report called privacy in progress with genome sequencing that looks at the broader privacy concerns arising fromjen on the -- arising the study of genomic information. trying tol view is restrict access to our genomic information is a losing battle. prevalent. if i leave my glass behind, you can pick it up and get my saliva. some states have restrictions, but it is pretty easily accessible. so what we need to do is start thinking about why do we care? what are we afraid of? if there are legitimate things we are afraid of, people discriminating against us, employer discrimination, health , long-termmination disability discrimination, if we think it is an offense to our , then we need to think misuse of genetic information, but access restrictions are going to be very difficult to enforce. but it raises a very important question for us, which is should we care about trying to keep our genetic information secret? all of our genomes are riddled with problems. are we going to get to a place have ae are trying to conversation about concerns based oncrimination our genetic code? a

let's get the whole genome sequence. spend the $2,000, get the whole sequence and never have to test you again for the sequence. we'll know everything and we'll be able to tell you about all sorts of different things that may be to your advantage. this, i think, is an exert belie where the scientific medical complex is going to lead us for reasons both good in medical and maybe not so good in commercial. but like every good thing, it's got some issues with it. first, how accurate will the whole genome sequencing be? if it only makes a mistake one in a million times, that's pretty good. but if you've got 3 billion base pairs, that's 3,000 mistakes. so how do we know that that problem in your brac one gem gene is a problem in the gene and not an accurate simplified problem with the test? we might think the fda will make the tests accurate. they're not regulating them. at least not yet. second issue, lynn referred to this. interpretation. they gave them the raw data. what dna was there, what snips, what single nuke tide --

genome. that is the amount of information we are looking at when we try to sequence the whole human genome and is one of our major goals today, to provide whole sequences of humans and other animals, as well. that sequence allows us to understand more about our diseases.tions to with 90% accuracy, if i had your dna sequence i could predict your eyecolor. if we had a saliva or blood samples from a crime scene, we can predict certain physical traits with some degree of accuracy from the dna sequence. for a long time, the barrier to obtaining the sequences was cost. this slide shows you the cost of the first human genome, sequenced in 2000 three. the cost of the human genome project, altogether, was about $3 billion. that's a lot of money. if you think about what we spend on health care every day in this country, that is about 10 hours of health care spending. that helps put it into perspective. a few years later, in 2007, a second genome was sequenced, still at the cost of 100 million dollars punitive when we started sequencing human genomes in 2009, the cost came down to 29 thousand dollars bec

and yes, initially when we had all these unknown genes in the first genomes we sequenced, a lot of people speculated that they were going to be species specific genes and not very important. it turns out they were highly considered across all branches of life in most cases but we still don't know what they are because you can't get a grant to study and unknown gene. so it's kind of an oxymoron how we approach assigns the you have to know the answer before you can study it. but it will come out of these studies because we'l we will bee to decipher its function in the context of the synthetic cell. >> thank you so much. two or three years ago i read an article about lincoln labs at mit, and i think the head investigator there was todd rider. he was developing something called draco, like the harry potter character, and apparently was able to look at the dna of any virus and create a queue or. they had shown that it worked i think 10 different completely unrelated viruses. and i apologize if it's poor form to ask about someone else's work but i've been scouring the internet for more news abo

genomics still advanced pretty slowly and it wasn't until 1976 that the first genome was sequenced, and it was a small rna virus. the first dna genome was again by fred sanger's team, and it was a key genome that we will come back to come a little over 5000 letters of genetic code, and this was considered a major breakthrough and fred sanger kite's second nobel prize for sequencing this genome and developing a new sequencing technology, now refer to as sanger sequencing, that came without. it was another 18 year gap though between we could go from small viruses to the genome of a living organism. that's what my team accomplished at the institute in 1995, and this is -- is to sure how fast things are going, so we went from 5000 letters of genetic code to 1.8 million letters, and it was only five years later that, in fact, were able to scale up using this whole genome shotgun technique to do the entire human genome. so we went from 1.8 million to 3 billion letters of genetic code in a massive effort. when we read the genetic code and put that data in a computer, i described as digitizing

and the genome is our entire dna-based sequence. if i were to show you a picture like this, one every second it would take me about 12 days to show you the entire human genome. that's the amount of information we are looking at when we ask to try to sequence a whole human genome. that is one of our major goals today in human genetics is to provide whole sequences of humans and other animals as well. that sequence allows us to understand more about our predisposition to disease like heart disease shown here. with about 90% accuracy. if i had the dna sequence i can predict your eye color so if we have for example a saliva or blood sample from a crime scene became predict certain physical traits with some degree of accuracy from the dna sequence. for a long time the barriers in obtaining these sequences was cost. this slide shows you the cost of the first human genome sequenced in 2003. the cost of the human genome project altogether was about $3 billion. that's a lot of money but if you think of what we spend on health care every day

we are moving on to whole genome sequencing technologies. those are already being used clinically, they're getting cheaper and cheaper. that is going to substantially affect health care, we need to do it in a safe and responsible way. >> gentlemen thanks very much. and you can get those test kits, still. they still are being sold and it's just a question of marketing at the moment. >>> coming up, we'll talk to a survivor of childhood sexual assault. and our social media producer, hermella aregawi. what's trending hermella? >> they are living in tents, soon they might be kicked out of there too. i'll tell you more coming up. twitter @aj consider this and on our google plus and facebook pages. >> childhood sexual assault is approaching ep demic proportions. the american psychological association reports one in six boys and one in four girls are sexually abused before they turn 18. the perpetrators are often relatives including immediate and extended family members and most often the attackers are male. the child has often forced silence which

whether it is sequencing the genome, isolating things, or , nine out of the 10 smartphones in the world. the scientists and technical expertise that is the envy of the world. this is competitive, pioneering, creative, innovative. that ledhis country the agricultural revolution, the industrial revolution and need market-based revolution of the 1980s and lead the economic revolution of today. as we do so, we should never forget this. our institutions and our democracy, property rights, access to markets, the rule of not these things are incidental to the economic strength. they are t-2 it. conditione a golden for our country to thrive in the long term. for our country to make a success in the global race, we have to do things different. we cannot rebuild the same type of economy that we had before the crash will stop we cannot go back to how things used to be all stop we need to build something better. a vision of a new kind of economy. shared bybenefits are all. north and south alike. and economy for everyone. everyone towards for with the right attitude and where all of our children and

also look at the public policy and privacy issues surrounding genome sequencing and the implications of prenatal genetics testing. again, that's tonight at 8 p.m. eastern on c-span2. on c-span in primetime tonight we will go back 50 years ago today for remarks from president lyndon johnson as he addressed a joint session of congress reflecting on john f. kennedy's legacy. just five days after his assassination. you can see that tonight at 8 p.m. eastern on c-span. >> the '60s were -- the '60s were different. [laughter] and there were a lot of things happening involving race, the breakdown in the structure of society. i was suddenly out of the seminary and in new england. and there were no rules. things were falling apart. and you know, without structure is very, very difficult to navigate. i was extremely fortunate to be at holy cross. i was extremely fortunate to still have had a residuum of the way i was raised and the structure is that the nuns had given me, structure the seminary had given me. i was also extremely fortunate because i had already been in predominantly white school

also look at the public policy and privacy issues surrounding genome sequencing and the implications of prenatal genetic testing. discussions are part of the 10th circuit bar conference and get us tonight right here on c-span2. during this things getting holiday week we're featuring encore presentations of q. and a. tonight at seven eastern doctor toby cosgrove talks about his background and the ongoing debate over the health care law. here's a preview. >> what do you think? >> i think what we have to understand is what's going on in health care across the country. and we've gotten ourselves in a situation where we knew we had to change health care. health care has become so expensive in the united states that is now consuming 18% of the gdp. it's starting to eating into things like education and other social programs that we want to have and need to have. and we are more expensive than any other country in the world. and we have to harness that inflation rate. we have to control it and bring the costs down so that we can remain competitive. we've been at this a long time, and beginn

whether it's sequencing the genome, isolating grapheme or designing the chips that power not just 9 outf 10 of the smartphones in this room - but all over the world. we have the scientists and technical expertise that is the envy of the world. this is britain. competitive, pioneering, creative, innovative. our success in the global race hinges on playing to these strengths on taking the country that led the agricultural revolution, the industrial revolution and the market-based revolution of the 80s and equipping it to lead the economic revolution of today. and as we do so, we should never forget this. our institutions, particularly our democracy, property rights, access to markets, the rule of law and equality for all before the law. these things are not incidental to our economic strength - they are absolutely key to it. they form the golden thread of conditions which allow countries to thrive over the long term. but to play to our strengths and make a success of our country in the global race, we do have to do some things differently. we can't simply try and rebuild the same type of

it's remarkable what's happening with the gene sequencing, genome sequencing. >> but it makes me thinkall need a lot more money for retirement. >> you do. and that's why i got a good business. i've got to stay alive to benefit from all this. yes. so it's health care. and it's energy. revolution going on in energy. shale and gas where we found as much energy in the ground as we've taken out of the ground for the last 100 years, it's all in america. it makes it so we can't be subject any longer to extortion by unfriendly countries and can't do a 1970s oil embargo anymore. and makes companies that made manufacturing overseas come back to america because the costs here will be very low compared to the rest of the world. we have $3.50 gas. oil's $90. >> joe, i know you must have your one question you were talking about before. did he pique your interest when he talked about 120 years old? >> now, yes. and i also, ron, i want to just add to what you just said. in addition to life expectancy being flat for so long, so was per capita income for 10,000 years it was $700 a year or something. the

eastern with biologist, the first to sequence the human genome, that all happens next on booktv. >> up next, jagdish gag whatty argues that -- talks about the lessons that can be learned from india. during this event, held at the council on foreign relations in new york city, he is in conversation with council on foreign relations president, richard haass. >> why don't people take a seat. unless they prefer not to, since sitting -- you'll all live longer if you stand throughout this meeting. welcome to the council on foreign relations. and tonight is one of those nights i like best, because it's a chance to celebrate a book by a celebrated author and thinker. council prides itself on being what i would call a book culture but not a book-only culture. but books do fill an essential space in the -- not simply research. here we pride ourself on policy relevant research. but the length of a book, the amount of research and thinking that goes into it, the kind of thinking you only do if you're actually forced to write something at wing, informs a lot of other things and there's a depth and

that we always win at them -- [laughter] and the truth is, we're still at it whether it is sequencing the genomeisolating graphene or designing the chips that power not just nine out of ten of the smartphone in this room -- which i hope you've all got switched off -- but anywhere in the world. we have the scientists and technical expertise that is the envy of the world. this is britain. competitive, pioneering, creative, innovative. our success in the global race hinges on playing to these strengths, on taking the country that led the agricultural revolution, the industrial revolution and the market-based revolution of the 1980s and equipping it once again to lead the economic revolution of today. and as we do so, we should never forget this: our institutions, particularly our democracy, property rights, access to markets, the rule of law and equal my for all -- equality for all before the law, these things are not incidental to our economic strength, they are absolutely key to it. they form the golden thread of conditions which allow countries to thrive over the long material. but to play to ou

sequence it in the laboratory. we helped become a global collaborating center on influenza. and when they found the new strain of influenza, they posted the entire genomeithin hours and we were able to download the genome and make a diagnostic test and begin work on seeds transfer of a vaccine so we can be safer. we all are connected and it's important we not only improve health here but help other countries improve health there. i should add china funded all of that by themselves. all we did watts help them learn how to do it and that made them safer and made us safer. host: another tweet, dog canyon, when will you publish hospital infection rates. >> we do publish hospital infection rates and work closely with the center for medicare and medicaid services and are part of the hospital system that is there. we have a system called the national health care safety network or nhsn and virtually every hospital in the country now uses that. we've seen progress in some areas but not nearly enough progress in others. and we've worked with state governments, with hospital oceans -- associations, with doctors, professional societies to figure out how we can bet