but george h.w. bushded himself to me when he wanted to learn about what hiv was, because he wanted to do something about it. david: as you look back on your career, what would you say are the characteristics that make somebody a leader? dr. fauci: one of the things i tell people, because i feel it strongly, is that if you're leading an organization of some sort that has a purpose or a mandate, that, as the leader, you've got to articulate to the people you're leading exactly what your vision is and where you want the organization to go, because i've seen in issues in which there wasn't good leadership, where an organization is almost rudderless. they don't know where they're supposed to be going. you don't dictate to people, but if you let them know what your vision is, hire the best people, and then don't get in their way, that, i think, is the quality of a good leader. david: and let's suppose i get an infectious disease and i want to be one of your patients. how do i get to be one of your patients? ju

george h.w. bush is his vice president. d in april of 1985, his father calls the entire bush family together in a meeting at camp david and he brings out lee atwater, now sort of now famous political consultant, scoundrel, great political tactician. and he says this is lee atwater. and lee atwater addresses everybody and says i think it's atwater himself warns people, your father is going to be running for president, you got to be careful. anything any member of the family does could come back to hurt him. and george jr., that is george w. bush, and jeb are very mistrustful of atwater. they pull him aside and they say how do we know we can trust you? they asked that question because atwater is a political consultant, some of his partners are consulting for a rival politician, jack kemp. and atwater keep swearing and finally keeps swearing he will and jeb bush says what we mean is, if someone throws a grenade at our father, will you jump on it? so, they were mistrustful of this consultant but he's telling them stay clean. and

i knew president george h.w. bush very well.hen president clinton came in, i got to know him, not on a personal friendship level, but i got to meet with him and talk with him, and with hillary clinton when she was first lady, then when she went on to become senator of new york and secretary of state, no doubt about that, eight years of that. then when george w. bush came in, i had met them originally when he was a staffer in the white house with his father. and we struck up a very good relationship, and i think that that was one of the reasons why he sent me to africa in 2002 for the purpose of determining the feasibility of developing a program that might transform hiv-aids in the developing world. so i got to be quite close with president george w. bush, related not only to the fact that i knew him through his father, but the fact that he took a very keen interest in global hiv-aids and allowed me to be one of the architects of the program, which has now transformed hiv globally. the president's emergency aids relief. and luck

at the george h.w. bush library and museum, director one offinch showed us barbara bush's many scrapbooks theirning mementos from life together. >> we're here in the research room. we're going to take a look at of about 120, 130 scrapbooks that mrs. bush began keeping shortly after she and president bush became engaged. was an avid scrapbooker, kind of documented their entire history and his political and their life together for their entire marriage. one is from 1944 and '45, i believe. mrs. bush's granddaughter was presidentok on the and mrs. bush, kind of their love story. books as ang scrap resource for that book. found, of the things she because it was sitting inside this envelope -- we hadn't found was what we think is a scrapbook from their first thanksgiving. mrs. bush gets the wishbone and she has the guests that were and what's kind of funny, she even has the one guest who gotdn't come because he sick. but this is the kind of stuff she kept. pictures of him. baseball scorecards. and she annotated i

members examine the work of political cartoonist pat oliphant, focusing on the presidencies of george h.w. bushbill clinton, george w. bush and include barack obama's 2008 election. the university of virginia's miller center hosted the event.

and of course in the george h.w. bush years, the process is where it is i think textbook and you get a good policy outcome. the larger strategic questions are still there. we could still ask those questions but i think there is a strong correlation there. just a little bit of defense for nixon and kissinger and these are smart people and the national security council staff and advisers and certainly in the nixon and carter administration, really smart people. but it is very just really dysfunctional. but under nixon and kissinger, it is dysfunctional but that disfunctionality is i think necessary for the brilliance of the opening to china which i'm not sure could have happened with a big sort of inner agency review in bringing everybody in and that sort of thing. >> i think that a key when we discuss this is how do we find -- how do we define success and failure. how do we define what worked or not worked. cory thought i was saying that the surge was a failure. i don't think the surge was a failure. i thought i made that

to mark the tradition, we will feature past speeches from presidents ronald reagan, george h.w. bush, bill clinton, george w. bush, and barack obama. white house correspondents dinner speeches tonight on c-span and c-span.org. or listen on the free c-span radio app. >> former secretary of state john kerry and former u.s. ambassador and state department officials talk about the global impact of the coronavirus. this is hosted by yale university. >> welcome to the more than 1000 registered attendees at this jackson virtual discussion forum. this is the fifth of these discussions. these discussions have tapped the exceptional leadership in knowledge that resides in the jackson network. today is no exception. all of our panelists today are senior fellows who teach here at yale. our moderator today, secretary john kerry graduated from yale, and like jackson's founder, john jackson is joining us today, secretary kerry, left new haven to serve in vietnam. he then served more than two decades in the u.s. senate before becoming the 68 secretary of state under president obama. you probably kno

members examine the work of political cartoonist pat oliphant and focus on the presidencies of george h.w. bush, bill clinton, and george w. bush and include barack obama's 2008 election. the university of virginia's miller center hosted the event. >> we're going to get started here with round two of presidents on whom olyphant was able o bestow his gifts and a country on which he was able to bestow his gifts by commenting visually and with words on those

george h.w. bush was in the oval office. the number one movie was pretty woman, and the stanford women were cutting down the net. >> i've always wanted to say this, happy anniversary. >> thank you, vern, i appreciate it. >> jennifer azie and the cardinal beat auburn in 1990 to win their first national title in federal history, and the beginning of a three decade run for stanford as one of the top programs in the entire country. >> the 30 years literally has gone by like that. one of the things i remember during that season was tara saying we're going to win the championship, but it's the relationships that matter. and here 30 years later, she is absolutely right. we had our 30th anniversary at stanford toward the end of january. we were all back together again celebrating the glory days, butt it's really about the women i was on the journey with. >> so wimbledon is now the last -- latest major sporting event to be canceled. tennis's third grand slam of the year scheduled for early july. it has gone every year since 1945, whe

to mark the tradition, we will feature past speeches from presidents ronald reagan, george h.w. bush, bill clinton, george w. bush, and barack obama. white house correspondents dinner speeches tonight on c-span and c-span.org. or listen on the free c-span radio app. >> former secretary of state john kerry and former u.s. ambassador and state department officials talk about the global impact of the coronavirus. this is hosted by yale university. >> welcome to the more than 1000 registered attendees at this jackson virtual discussion forum. this is the fifth of these discussions.

to mark the annual tradition and future speeches from ronald reagan, george h.w. bush, bill clinton, george w. bush, and barack obama. white house correspondents dinner speeches tonight at 8:00 eastern on c-span and c-span.org, or listen on the free c-span radio app. at a news conference on capitol hill, house speaker nancy pelosi talked about congress's response to the coronavirus outbreak. she announced house democrats would move quickly to advance the next rescue bill geared towards cities and states. , house speaker nancy pelosi held her weekly news conference with reporters. she talked about the coronavirus response and yesterday's passage of an economic aid package to help small businesses. speaker pelosi: good morning. morning. thank you for being here. it's a sad day. i know that many people, as am i, are quite shaken by the fact that we have passed the 50,000 number of people who have died from the coronavirus mark. over 50,000. the numbers are staggering but each individual case is so heartbreaking. yesterday on the floor we heard about a 5-year-old girl whos

boone pickens and george h.w. bush and his family were among those buying thousands of acres of land with aquifers lakes water rights water utilities and shares in water engineering and technology companies all over the world how close are we to nothing coming out of a faucet let's ask the author of chasing water a guide to moving from scarcity to sustainability brian. richter is president of sustainable waters of global education service sharing information about water scarcity water shortages and information and tools for solving water problems brian welcome thank you very much happy to be with you a citi group economist predicts that the water market will eclipse the oil market there are water hedge funds now and u.b.s. investment research calls water scarcity the defining crisis of the 21st century where here in the us a is water already most scarce and why well it's it's actually unfortunate were experiencing water shortages literally from coast to coast here in the united states now. basically any place that ends

stretch but some are concerned that what may not be a stretch is history repeating itself during george h.w. bush's 1st and only term in office the us invaded iraq in 1901 right in the midst of the us savings and loan crisis and later during the clinton administration when the monica lewinsky scandal broke america intervene in the war in kosovo whether or not the u.s. and iran are heading for a crash course remains to be seen there are already insults and threats well before anyone had ever heard of covert 19 but as far as the course president trump is sitting through these troubled waters in troubled times perhaps we need to look no further than his own tweets for some answers like this one there has never been in the history of our country a more vicious or hostile lame stream media than there is right now even in the midst of a national emergency the invisible enemy an invisible enemy perhaps but very real clear and present dangers for the news with rick sanchez john hardy. all right let's get into this to guess to tackle this potential scenario joining us former pentagon official law michael ma

but here at the top queen elizabeth ii seen helping george h.w. bush plant one. the oldest tree with a proven presidential association is this absolutely beautiful rust colored japanese maple planted by first lady francis cleveland on the far south grounds in 1893, the same year that the grounds were closed to the public. the most recent comemerative tree was also planted by a first lady, in this current first lady melania trump who planted a sapling grown from a historical oak tree originally planted by eisenhower on the white house grounds in the 1950s. so other than trees what else grew on the grounds? up until about a decade ago when first lady michelle obama installed the current white house vegetable garden fresh produce would not have been the first thing that came to peoples minds and that's because prior to 2009 there would be no serious cultivation of fruits and vegetables at the white house for nearly 150 years. but the truth is for much of the 19th century the white house grew a great deal of its own food. as with the first trees the first vegetable s

david: president george h.w. bush asked you what you could do about hiv and aids in africa. dr.elt that as a rich nation, we have a moral responsibility. david: the best way for me to prevent getting an infectious disease and having to have you as my doctor is what? dr. fauci: tthe normal, low-tech, healthy things are the best things that you can do, david, to stay healthy. >> would you fix your tie, please? david: well, people wouldn't recognize me if my tie was fixed, but ok. let's leave it this way.

[laughter] so nowadays the presidents leaving office do you think about george h.w. bush who defeated him for a variety of good causes almost all the presidents have come together to begin a variety of causes. that you suggest to make washington more partisan how does this transpire? >> i think that's true he did become more partisan after he left the presidency. we do have a perception leaving office lifts the president above partisan views. but actually it was the exact opposite. he involved himself in congressional hearings and the way he never did as president. he supported the alien and sedition act that led to printers associated with the opposition party to be propped up. and also favored excluding members of the opposition party from high rank in the new army. and this was a partisan army and with washington's farewell address to say we are all reminded but during the last years of washington's life wrote letters to say they all had choice at this point to be a member of one party or the other and that was between the federalist and george washington was federalis

the panel today, this afternoon, which will cover the presidents from george bush -- i don't use the h.w. he was george bush when he was president. when john quincy adams became president, john adams didn't have to change his name. so i'm sticking with george bush and, obviously, his immediate successor, bill clinton. and george w. bush, the one who came next, and then finally, we sort of dip our toe into the obama presidency. and we will see one example of pat oliphant's greifts in sculptures, and it is an extraordinary work. unfortunately we can only see it two dimensional, a picture of it. one of the panelists, mary kay carey, can tell us about the sculpture and the president who it portrays. mary kay say fellow at the miller institute, and she has been teaching in the politics part of the university. she was a speechwriter and communication specialist in all parts of the bush/quayle campaign in 1988 and in the george bush presidency. and philip zelico is the former director of the miller center and member of the history department here, held prominent positions in both bushes' admini

george bush. i don't use the h.w. he was george bush when he was president. when john quincy adams became president, john adams didn't have to change his name so i'm sticking with george bush. and of course his immediate successor. bill clinton. and george w. bush, the one who came next, and then finally we sort of dip our toe into the obama presidency part of which pat oliphant was able to capture in his cartoons. we'll also see at least one example of pat oliphant's great gifts as a sculptor. unfortunately, we only get to see it in two dimensions. we only get to see an image of it. but it is an extraordinary work. one of our panelists, mary kay carey can actually tell us something about that sculptor and the president who it portrays. mary kate is a senior fellow at the miller center. she has been teaching this year in the politics department of the university. she was a speechwriter and communication specialist of all sorts in 1988 and the george bush presidency. director of the miller center and member of the history department here, held prominent positi

think presidents leaving office are less partisan i do think that is the model if you think george h.w. bush coming together with clinton and defeated him for the second term for a variety of good causes almost all the presidents have most recently gotten together through a variety of causes. that you suggest leavingat office made washington more partisan how does that transpire? >> i think george washington did become more partisan after he left the presidency we do have that perception today that it's above partisan feuds but really it is the exact opposite. involved himself in congressional elections in a way he never would have as presiden president. he supported the alien and sedition act that led to printers with the opposition party being locked up and also favored excluding members of the opposition party from the new army being formed in this was a partisan army. the reason this is so surprising today is that we are all reminded of the political party but to remember during the last years of washington's life that all americans have the choice to be a member of one party or the othe

of course, george h.w. bush, that's where it is in the textbook. he get a good policy outcome. the larger strategic questions are still there. we can still ask us questions, but there is a really strong correlation there, just a little bit of a defense and and kissinger. and these are really smart people. national security council staff and advisers and nixon, certainly in the nixon and carded ministration. they were really smart people. they just were really dysfunctional. but under nixon and kissinger it is dysfunctional, but that dysfunctionality also is necessary for the brilliance of the opening up to china. which i am not sure could have happened with a big inter agency review. >> i think a key when we discussed this, is how do we define success and failure? how do we define what worked or not worked? cory thought i was saying that the surge was a failure. i do not think the surge was a failure. i thought i had made that clear. the surge was an operational success. a tactical success. it absolutely reduced iraqi civilian desk and eliminated for a while, attacks and surgeo

administration and worked well inside well, he did work well but he was a nice, moderate guy in the george h.w. bush administration. and, this is not just street myth, this is a myth that is propagated by people like brent scowcroft in the iraq war words he said i don't know cheney anymore. cheney has changed. and there is also what i call the cardiology theory. everybody in this room know someone at a dinner party who knows a cardiologist jordan is a cardiologist or wants to be a cardiologist to says chaney's heart attack and again, he had had three before we ever get to the beginning of the bush administration, for by the time you took office, that somehow they changed him and they transformed him from moderate. not true. and what i found really the closer you look, cheney was conservative. he was always conservative. and it tells us something about ourselves i think that we think you change. so let's look at the reasons that people think you change. one reason is that cheney subscribed to what i called the hired gun theory. he served as white house chief of staff and the next year he went out to

stout, who in turn gives some to apollo prayer league members and vips like then congressman george h.w. bushdent spiro agnew and bob hope. >> i do know that the family of the apollo 1 astronauts, the ones that perished on the pad, my dad made sure that their families each received a bible. >> at the close of the apollo missions in 1972, reverend stout moves on from nasa and later retires, his holy mission largely a forgotten tale. >> and even today, i don't think the public at large is aware that a bible went to the moon. >> by the early 2000s, stout's son, jonathan, now living in utah with his wife, senses his parents are showing signs of dementia. was there some point where you became concerned about their condition? >> absolutely. they just couldn't really think for themselves anymore like they used to, and by that time, their health and really, really deteriorated. >> you're an only child. >> yes. >> who else was there to take care of them? >> nobody. >> so jonathan and his wife moved back to texas. >> we bought a house so that we could actually move them in with us. >> would they accept

if we watch a president where we know what he's been through, like george h.w. bush at the beginning of the gulf war or other presidents through natural calamities and disasters. you talked about hurricane betsy in the early 1960s, lyndon johnson. then you think this is someone who understands the human cost. that must mean this person is spending all his time and energy and resources using the presidency, using the federal government to keep the death toll as low as possible. one of the problems with these briefings has been a lot of the things that donald trump has said has suggested to people otherwise. it makes them very nervous and anxious. >> wondering what that nervousness and ang shiite turns into when americans are asked to make among the most important and difficult decisions of their lives in the coming weeks and months. i've said this over and over again. they're going to have to decide whether to go see elderly parents, whether to put their kids back in school, whether to go back into the workplace. it will be a luxury, i should note, for any of those de

george h.w. bush after the golf war got a big bounce. he lost the next election. george w. got a giant bounce. that one stayed. more recently though in our age of polarization, bill clinton after oklahoma city, not much of a bounce, george w. bush after katrina, a little bit of a bounce. that one led to the democratic win in 2008. nothing for president obama immediately after ebola, but then he went up a little bit in dealing with that. this president's approval rating has stayed stagnant. how much is he worried about politics as opposed to the pandemic? >> he's worried about a lot of factors. he has experts who come to him and say if you do this, do that, deaths are going to increase. his economic team is showing him chart, look at the double digit unemployment you could have. it's not good during an election year. so the president is trying to balance complicated factors and he's looking at a lot of polling and politics, but he also has many difficult considerations at play and none of these are particularly, you know, great answers for him. >> he says this economy reopen

keep in mind this is a public health official praised by former at the present time george h.w. bush, bush senior, as a hero. so this is somebody who has a track record that's been trusted officer the last couple of decades, because he's been praised by both republicans and democrats. it was a sad sight to behohn to see dr. fauci fall on the sword during that briefing, but you again the extent that dr. fauci and driven birx have to placate the president in these roles. if not, the wheels could come off the response from this administration. >> thanks, jim acosta. >>> i want to bring in maggy habiterman, dana bash and dr. sanjay gupta. maggie, what have you ahead about the briefing? 2 seems like it was link to do your reporting. >> a little bit. he's very upset about that story. he's made clear for 24 hours he's very upset. it was an accurate story. we stand by the reporting. i'm candidly as disappointed for dr. fauci. jake tapper's question was clearly about our social and the gap when social distancing measures were put in place in march. that does not help his credibility. in terms

george w. bush, the gulf war with george h.w. , the iran embassy siege and gymi iejimmy past presidents in those situations have had dramatic jumps in their approval rating. we've seen them get up to 60, 70, 80, 90%. and trump you see here peaking in the high 40s. >> steve kornacki, it's so interesting, as i said to former secretary of state, john kerry, this is not a political moment, but it is a political year, so people having to look at these things. thank you for spending some time with us. brian williams, i understand you're leaving us. and thank you for taking the fall for the awkward pause, which was squarely my fault, said nicole in the teleprompter, but i just missed it. it's fun to be doing this with you. i miss the tables that we sit around, but from my basement to yours, nice to see you, my friend. >> thank you. i never pass up on awkward pause, as you know. but thank you, i'll see you tomorrow. >> we'll see you after the president's briefing this evening. >> okay. >> when we come back, beaches in florida are reopenin

justice sotomayor was pinlt bid three different presidents, george h.w. bush, to the district court, president clinton to the circuit court, and president obama to the supreme court. somehow she has also found time to write some books. about her life in particular. i recommend them to you as well. but let me just turn the program over to justice soeta mior. it's a real prif lenl for me to introduce you to her this time. gtz. >>> good evening, everyone. welcome to the court. i'm delighted so many of you could join us this evening for the first lecture in the supreme court historical society's 2018 leon virlman lecture series which this term, as you heard, will focus on the supreme court and world war i. 2018 marks a century since the first world war ended. a fitting moment for the society's first series to focus on that important chapter in our nation's history. it was impossible to practice in new york as i did without knowing leon silverman. he was everywhere. among the many important roles, he served, he was the president of the legal aid society and the ame

next, george h.w. bush in 20th place. it will be interesting to see what happens to him now that he has passed, now that more records are available, and there is a bit of a halo effect when presidents leave office. we will see if he remains there. interestingly, he is also book ended by the two adams presidents. bill clinton came in at 15. we had david marinus' seminal biography as his chapter. he was the washington post reporter who writes about bill clinton's duality, that he could be both good and bad at the sing -- same time and that kind of impacted everything that happened throughout his public career. how about george w? just out of the bottom 10, his highest score was pursuing equal justice for all. and again, that is his first entry into it, so it will be interesting to see as time progresses how he will do. but he has some difficult problems to overcome. hurricane katrina, the economic crisis, and certainly the ongoing wars. we will be seeing what the historians have to say is more time goes by. how did our most

president bush, george h.w. bush, 41, i remember being at kennebunkport and the press would be around and they would say, "how many fish did you catch"? and he would say, fish? with all these boats around, they scared the fish away. >> and for you as well, that boat "fidelity" it was not a slow boat, because he would drive it at full throttle. >> full throttle. >> we're making light of the training but it is serious, because they have to learn to mountain bike. and president bush mountain bikes on his ranch in crawford and he is a serious mountain biker, and you have to be able to keep up with him. >> before the mountain bike was the running, because in the campaign, he averaged and i hope he is not listening, but he averaged around which is a tremendous 7:40 pace, and i was not a runner. in fact, i did not like to run. he ran a race in the d.c. and ran a 6:40 pace for three miles. but at the ranch and wherever else he ran, he was averaging about a 7.10 pace. so just the training that have alone, the agents with equi

let's bring in tara, a democratic strategist, and joe watkins, a former white house aide under george h.w. bush. tara, you heard dr. fauci in the first block. dr. fauci was, i think, dealing with in a forthright manner, yes, he is not denying there is the obvious with the data. there is a race gap in terms of the impact of coronavirus and they've got to deal with it and, yes, there are societal things that predated this administration, but this administration is going to have to deal with it because the lights are on it. many of us have been talking about this for decades. but here it is, and it has to be solved. do you think this is the moment that the congress and the senate and others need to have the pressure on them to really deal with the whole questions of how we deal with equalizing health, services in this country based on race? >> well, absolutely. excuse me, reverend. i just had a work from home moment. pardon me for the disruption that just occurred. but to your point, and to answer your question, absolutely. we have to deal with it because now we are seeing the dire consequences of

george h.w. bush unilaterally got rid of a lot of these weapons, and the people who were most relieved about these were military officers who considered these things a -- first of all, not needed. we had pretty good conventional forces, but second, a security nightmare. i mean, ships, these were on almost every ship of the navy. there were harbors they weren't allowed to go dock in because the countries didn't want nuclear weapons on their soil. so everybody was relieved by this. but for political reasons, there were still about 180 left in western europe including 50 in turkey. and it's interesting, when obama became president, one of his first, you know, big speeches he talked about reducing the role of nuclear weapons in national security policy. and there was an ambassador to nato at the time, obama's choice, he goes, i've got a great idea. let's unilaterally cut number of nuclear weapons in europe by half. these things aren't really are needed anymore anyway, it would make a good signal to everyb

keep in mind, this is a public health official who was praised by former president george h.w. bush, bush senior, back in 199 -- 1988, excuse me. as a hero. so this is somebody who has a track record that's been trusted over the last couple of decades, and has stood the test of time because he has been praised by both republicans and democrats. and it was -- it was a sad sight to behold to see dr. fauci fall on his sword during that briefing. but you do get the sense, and i hear this from talking to my sources, to some extent, dr. fauci, dr. birx, have to placate the president in order to stay in these very critical roles. because, as you know, anderson, without dr. birx and dr. fauci in those kinds of roles, the wheels really could come off this response from the administration, anderson. >> jim acosta. thanks. i want to bring in cnn senior political analyst maggie haberman. dana bash and chief medical correspondent dr. sanjay gupta. maggie, first of all, what are you hearing about the president's motivation behind him iruptierupting today at the briefing? i mean, it seems like it

it passed the house with overwhelming bipartisan support nixon, with george h.w. bush, give it to cause -- it would cause the fail in the senate. constitutional politics can indeed turn on one or two decisions. what are you most excited about displaying in the exhibit? so many great appetites -- artifacts and you have when our appetite with -- whet our appetite with. >> we will be getting the pennsylvania copy of the amendment. those of you from pennsylvania, that's kind of. we will be featuring an array of ephemera from the era, just women in various ways trying to get the right to vote and convince other people that they should have the right. there is a lot of cool imagery, a lot of posters. different buttons with pants on them or rolling pins. a lot of visual cues there. one of my personal favorites will be featuring a ballot box from the reconstruction era, when some women were able to vote. this one i believe is from utah. a county printed on it. i tried to track down exactly where it is, utah allowed the -- allow women to vote early on. it has printed on it wome

somehow i always remembered george h.w. bush talking about that vision thing when he was in office. the next and ninth is pursued equal justice for all. a category that really did a number of our founding fathers in. and the final was performance within the context of their times. the idea with this is it's very difficult for us to take our 21st century eyes and judge back, but we were asking the historians that did the rating to say take into account the circumstances of society at that time and try to give them some credit for doing the best they might have been able to do in the circumstances surrounding them. so those 10 metrics went out to 100 historians and professional observers of the presidency. we really tried to mix demographically and politically the people who took the survey, so it could be as broad as possible. as i mentioned, we did the first one in 2000 and it was such a success, we decided that would be the time bill clinton was leaving the presidency, that when george w. bush left, we would do it again. did it again in 2017 when barack obama left office. we now ha

somehow i always remembered george h.w. bush talking about the vision thing in office.he next and ninth is pursued equal justice for all. the category that really did a number on our founding fathers. and the final was performance within the context of their time. the idea with this is it's very difficult for us to take our 21st century eyes and judge back, but we were asking historians to say take into account the circumstances of society at that time and try to give them some credit for doing the best they might have been able to do in the circumstances surrounding them. so those 10 metrics were sent out to 100 historians and observers of the presidency. we really tried to mix demographically and politically the people who took the survey so it could be as broad as that. -- broad as possible. as i mentioned, we did the first one in 2000 and it was such a success, we decided that they when george w. bush left, we would do it again. and then we would do it again in 2017 with barack obama leaving. we now have three very extensive service of historians. so, over the cours

george w. bush, bill clinton, george h.w. bush, ronald reagan, go down the line, what that moment would be like with any other president. >> jimmy carter. >> and jimmy cart, er, go back through history about the speech they might have given and the story they might have told. it reminded me in the briefing room when he barked at alexander what's your message to americans who are scared? and he said my message is you're a terrible reporter to peter alexander. these are difficult phone calls, but politically those are the easiest moments to just be a human, to just be a person, to express some base level of empathy. and as you guys just said, he's simply not capable of it. >> well, a conservative editor told me yesterday this should be so easy. get out -- >> that's the easy part. >> give them the facts, let the doctors speak, mourn with americans, move towards fixing this crisis. back up the man just is incapable of doing it. and, mika, this is, again, it's an ongoing problem, more people have died in america now of this than di

george h.w. bush and no new taxes. pick your decision, where something was hard in real time, but in the end, history decided for it in the pardon, decides that was the right thing, and then the story changes. immutable fact is there's nothing about the president's decisions that can change the fact that, as you pointed out, we will, today, pass the american casualty fatality numbers in the vietnam war. so that -- to me, it is impossible to see. it is very unlikely to see how this story changes, of trump being willfully obtuse and now so narcissistically engaged in his own drama, that he is failing to do what my springer spaniels know we should do, which is launch a marshall plan for testing, to actually reopen the economy and regain the sense of an american ethos of being together. >> willie and i can confirm that about your spaniels. >> in terms of the vietnam war marker, did y'all hear the daily briefings were canceled? oh, wait, they weren't. the president held this hastily put together briefing y