the first hearing was george marshal testifying before the foreign relations committee. this had to do with american foreign policy. he was secretary of state at the time. this was one of the big issues of the day. >> europe is emerges from the devastation of the most destructive war in history. within its own resources, europe cannot achieve been a reasonable time economic stability. the solution would be much easier of course if all nations of europe were cooperating, but they are not. >> the real excitement of television covering hearings didn't happen until 1950 when a freshman democratic senator from tennessee named estes keefover began an investigation of organized crime, mafia in the cities of the country. he started going around with the committee to cities rather than having everybody come to washington. the committee went to new orleans, st. louis, kansas city, detroit, chicago, new york and and made the circuit. when it got to new orleans, the local television station preempted howdy dowdi the kid's television show. people were glued to this. it was senators a

everybody know that marshall would be his choice and told general eisenhower he wanted to give george marshall a chance to go into the history books as a great war leader. the other chief, considered marshall to a valuable to this to any theater marshall was the best man they had to work with congress to negotiate with the navy to do so many other things that nobody else could do. so all three chiefs went separate to roosevelt to keep stateside and even the admiral did something that was completely out of character for him by going to a group of journalists and ask them to have the editorial boards to extol his virtues as chief of staff. . . i. >> with the invasion of normandy on d-day this guy was cast in europe, eisenhower manage the war there and while king and marshall had to fight to keep the british from tightening off into the italian from time to time, the the course of defense naturally lurch from normandy beach to germany. on the other side of the world america started out it's for six months just trying to keep japan from driving it's deeper into the central pacific, japan on most o

and so there are riots in bogota in 1948 and those disrupt a conference that george marshall is at. the cia gets blamed for not projecting violence in bogota. and so you have this kind of dynamic going where covert supported or at least not talked about, whereas the more analytic, the more productive side is attacked from predictive side is attacked from very early on. david hadley: who -- steven scully: who are among the cia directors who has made a difference and played a significant role? david hadley: really significant early on is allen dulles. allen dulles is the brother of the secretary of state during the eisenhower administration. so, 1950 three, the eisenhower administration comes in. is in chargeulles of the united states' interaction with the world and allen dulles was put in charge of the not so public interaction with the world. it is under him that the cia first successfully under throat -- overthrows a foreign government in iran in 1953. he is very much an advocate of this more advocate covert action oriented agency. aggressive, covert action oriented agency. there a

critics say that is unnecessary as the pentagon already treatsts officer as if they were a future george marshall. officers who early in their careers were seen as extraoaordinary. i asked if dod n needs a new education approachr whether to continue educating every officer lilike their future douglas marthur is a way to go. >> every person has unique talents. we have to r recognize those and map those tatalents to js that exist across the force. right now we don't really know our people. we might know the top one or two performers. this talent management approacah has been revololution in the private sector. everybody wants to be a five-star general or admiral. vago: the pentagon is admitting wome are considering admitting women to more direct combat jobs. that is been a priority for the administration, a press that is ongoing. there's going to be a report on it later this year, on what job are given to women past ranger training, which was one of the most rigorous jobs out , combat traraining evolutions. talk to us about the data you are collecting and how this is going to work out and how many

by generallished george kaplan marshall, chief of staff of the army. a .5rmy would expand to million men during this time period and a needed young soldiers that were qualified to lead them into combat. that was what the school was designed to do. the first graduating class went on. in every major operation in world war ii that the army participated in, officer candidates from fort benning, georgia were involved in the action there. if you pass the test, both mental and physical, anyone can qualify to go to officer candidate school. that was one of the provisions that marshall wanted to have it. he said, if we are a true democracy, then anyone who has the ability physically and mentally should be able to become an officer in the united states army. 1973 we started training female soldiers to go through officer candidate school. in the opening days of the ocs at fort benning it was just to train infantry officers. for all train soldiers the occupations within the armed forces of the u.s. army. ranger school was started here at fort benning in the 1950's

. >> george c marshall. >> conservation of manpower is a matter of first importance. e women's army auxiliary corps existed to release soldiers from knob combat duties. they take the jobs of soldiers behind the lines and here at home. >> these women wanted to emember their history wasn't nationally being collected and they just want to tell their stories. so this is from women in world war ii in the army. here was an army nurse, two army nurses, a combat nurse and martha who was a lieutenant colonel in world war ii. the wasps by win fred wood, they were not actually in the military, they were civilan pilots who helped in the war efforts and they were already trained and certified pilots. they tested planes, they flew planes from factories to where they were needed. they helped train pilots. they flew for target practice. they did a number of things. they were started in 1943 and trying to become part of the military, but they were instead disbanded in 1944. some of the other books in our collections sort of do an overview of the idea of, you know, pretty much whether

and everybody should be familiar with president roosevelt and george marshall who was the principal military advisor. these are the folks that make the air campaign a reality. two doctrines, two strategies. the british view, as rachel said, is that the principal target should be the morale. the workforce of the enemy. disruptrust their -- their economy. they see this bombing campaign as integral to the british armed forces. some of the people in the air force and sir arthur in particular believes that air power can do it alone. strategic air power and long-range bombing have a war winning capability. once again, by attacking workforce, and factories the , enemy morale will suffer. they will give up. the american view is a classical war emphasis on , technology. once again we have talked about what goes on at the tactical school. their sense is that the industrial state is like an organism and when certain parts of the infrastructure are attacked, the warmaking capability would be destroyed. america comes up with technology to implement that vision in the 1920's and 1930's. large, four engine

george marshall once famously said, all right straight down the road, do what's best and do it frankly without aviation. to our nation's great benefit, ray has lived at adage every day for the past 39 years. ray, because of your efforts, our army will forever be in your debt. but i know you haven't stride, you haven't served alone. to lend and your three children, you've been a powerful and ready source of strength for ray and by so doing you served this nation. ray drew strength. for all that you've done, albeit sacrificed i recognize my thanks are really inadequate, but i hope that mine, combined with what really is hundreds of thousands of those whom ray has led express some degree the depth of gratitude we have to you as well. ray, i know your desire to make a difference will not end here. and as you and linda we settled in north carolina, you will find to continue to serve the nation and help us to our next challenges. and i know as well your legacy, your leadership, your legacy of service will not just be remembered, but treasured. your kids and grandkids will see a bit more of y

commander of the strategic bombing command was apparently instructionnwritten from the chief of staff george marshall to end the war as quickly as possible so that the soviet union would not gain a foothold in japan." flew over29's okyo, defense command imposed a blackout on tokyo. the blackout occurred just as a few right-wing officers were attending a coup d'État to try to find the emperor's surrender for and destroyed so japan would not surrender. in the dark, they could not find it or they could not find the emperor, either. was quashed by the next morning and the surrender solution played on the radio. 15th's successful airstrike had demonstrated sherman's willingness to use american any sovietock attempt to enter japan, whether they intended to do it or not, but the mission also facilitated the surrender of japan and save the emperor's life. although japan now surrendered, the russians were still on the move. so for truman, the problem remain -- how to prevent them from gaining foothold in japan proper and limiting their advance in korea. the next day he issued general order number one. he decl

as george marshall once said go right down the road, do his best and give it frankly without evasion. and great benefit he has lived every day for the past 39 years. because of your efforts the army will forever be in your debt but i know you haven't strived, you haven't served alone. you've been a powerful and a ready source of strength and by so doing you served this nation. for all that you have done i recognize my thanks but i hope that mine combined with what really is hundreds of thousands of those whom he has led expressed some degree of the depth of gratitude that we have to you as well. i know that your desire to make a difference will not end here. you will continue to serve the nation and help us through the next challenges. your legacy of service will not just be remembered. your kids and grandkids will see more and get what i'm told is a needed boost. but as he said much work remains to be done. and if the character and commitment of the leaders that will carry the days that lie ahead and that's why we have once again this morning turned to one of the best. it's one of th

army chief of staff, general george c marshall rejected a proposal to strategy inrition the pacific and slowdown operations while awaiting russian entry into the war. believed that this path would arouse stalin's suspicions maneuvering we are to get them into the fight in such a manner that they will suffer major losses. plans had been for the u.s. forces to invade japan sometime in 1947 or 1948, but this had since been pushed up to the fall of 1945. what'srshall desired -- ok, what marshall desired was a 12 punch. an invasion of manchuria to tie up the massive armies on the asian mainland. let's see if i can find the laser pointer. this is manchuria. they have armies really all throughout this. area,l throughout this massive and scale. to have manchuria tying up the japanese forces there, followed by the beginning of u.s. operations in the islands in the fall. on october 16,, 1944, there was a meeting in moscow with ambassador averill herrmann and the u.s. military mission chief major general john r dean, where he renewed his pledge to join the war against japan, and added that the sov

. >> i'm from george c marshall high school. this bevy of young people here goes something to me. we discussed in our class the secret agreement, and i think they are all thinking along the same lines that i am. there's some indication that the soviets were seeking a quick conclusion to the negotiations with shang kai-shek and the with thoseernment provisions in the secret agreement at yell to. was there any indication in the papers you found in the soviet union that the russians were less treated with the pace of the negotiations with the chinese? ok, let me take two more questions and we will end with that, yes. >> my name is philip kaplan. there has been some historical writing to the effect that one of the things that led truman to -- the bomb, not the exclusive thing, but in combination with some of the other analysis you have it possession, might be to make clear to the soviet union who would be in charge. i would be interested if you could comment on that. prof. harrison: i'm interested in that, too. great. last question here. >> i'm at catholic university. following on on

those disrupt a conference that secretary of state george mar marshall is at. so the cia gets blamed for not predicting violence arising in bogota. so you've got this kind of dynamic going where covert action is either supported or at least not talked about, whereas the more analytic, the more predictive side is attack from early on. i don't think it gets the chance to really develop as strongly as it might have. >> in its nearly 70 years, who are among the cia directors who have made a difference, who have played a significant role in shaping the agency? >> well, really significant early on is alan dulles. alan dulles is the brother of the secretary of state during the eisenhower administration. so 1953, the eisenhower dulles is kind of in charge of the united states' public interaction with the world, and alan dulles gets in charge of the not-so-public interaction with the world. it's under him that the cia first successfully overthrows a foreign government in iran in 1953. and he is very much an advocate of this more aggressive, covert action-oriented agency

george c marshall, the u.s. army chief of staff, quoted a great and terrible at that, new words would be needed to discredit, "superpoweride," echo old words assumed new holocaust.ds like stalingrad, anzio, normandy. as well as in improbable settings rarely associated with the second world war, places like the aleutians and madagascar and syria and darwin, australia. and now we can add oregon. the united states had been among the last of the large powers to be drawn into the flames but very quickly the war encumbered all of america. when the war began in earnest in 1939 with the german invasion of poland, united states army, -- the united states army, still at peace, was a puny weakling. ranked behind, it the perennial military powerhouse, romania. the u.s. army by 1939 comprised of 1095 soldiers. it would grow to 8.3 million by 1945, a 44 fold increase. virtually every family had someone they loved in harms way. virtually every american had an emotional investment in the military. virtually everyone had skin in

marshall in huntingdon beach, california. she was checking out some tv listings for kids shows and saw this. clifford the bicurious george. [ laughter ] i don't remember that show. >> steve: i don't remember that. >> jimmy: i don't remember it. no, i was a kid. >> steve: remember the man in the yellow hat. >> jimmy: yeah. lll here's one from brandy williamson in savannah, georgia. it's a craigslist ad. let's see what's for sale. "dark oak grandfather cock." [ laughter and applause ] >> steve: when it chimes it goes, "dong." >> jimmy: yeah, yeah, yeah, i know, i know. [ laughter ] >> steve: you see a lot of those at your gym. >> jimmy: yeah, in the locker room. yeah, yeah, i do. [ laughter ] this next one is from fraya rudder in birmingham, alabama. she was watching an old '80s version of jane eyre on netflix and w someone that she says looks a lot like me. i'm not sure if i see it. let's take a look. [ laughter ] does that look like me? [ cheers and applause ] >> steve: you got a new shawl? [ cheers and applause ] it's stern. it's stern, yeah. [ cheers and applause ] >> jimmy: jane, get away from here. we must leave now.

marshaling that takes place. why hit a coal mine? why even bomb a factory? why not bomb the train yard that is carrying the coal? you are in a moral dilemma. if georgedrum -- if your bomb drifts, you killing civilians. you could kill up to 600,000 of them. eisenhower wanted to go with it, roosevelt wanted to go with it. but churchill said it would kill a lot of frenchman, and destroy anglo-french relations for 100 years. even cutis lemay firebombed japanese and dropped leaflets. hit byies have to be surprise attack. they are dangerous missions. and the d-day clock is running. that is what they go after. student: obviously the deaths are tragic, but if you look at it from another perspective-- prof. miller: that is what we are looking at. student: don't you have to make these choices? prof. miller: as emily said, they didn't set out to kill. don't,: and if they more people die. prof. miller: that's for sure. that's the moral argument. for the atomic bomb, they made the argument that the war would have went on. conventional bombing could have killed more people than atomic bombing. the war wasn't going to stop. i don't know. we reduced it to a numbers

those disrupt a conference that secretary of state george mar marshall is at. so the cia gets blamed for not predicting violence arising in bogota. so you've got this kind of dynamic going where covert action is either supported or at least not talked about, whereas the more analytic, the more predictive side is attack from early on. i don't think it gets the chance to really develop as strongly as it might have. >> in its nearly 70 years, who are among the cia directors who have made a difference, who have played a significant role in shaping the agency? >> well, really significant early on is alan dulles. alan dulles is the brother of the secretary of state during the eisenhower administration. so 1953, the eisenhower dulles is kind of in charge of the united states' public interaction with the world, and alan dulles gets in charge of the not-so-public interaction with the world. it's under him that the cia first successfully overthrows a foreign government in iran in 1953. and he is very much an advocate of this more aggressive, covert action-oriented agency