but george washington had been a friend of randolph this their youth. had been his personal attorney. washington was so concerned about the reputation about this new experiment in government and the idea it would be just seen as no better than monarchy, that it would be seen as a failure that he was pretty rigorous in trying to keep it as clean as possible. even in some cases being unjust to his own friends, i think, in this case. washington was very much concerned about reputation. that, i think, helped to help create an efficient government. let's be honest.9 yún the presidency that george washington had in the 1790s was no moment of perfection. he had his own cabinet members, thomas jefferson, alexander hamilton at each other's throats. they created the first party system around them while he was talking to keep them working together, keep them compromising. he had a terrible military defeat. he sent an army out into the ohio country, which was destroyed by native americans, in part because of corruption around the quality of the muskets that was pr

george washington kept hounds for fox hunting until the 1790s. but essentially those are the sports that we know washington was a part of. >> with just under half an hour left from george washington's historic mt. vernon, we're joined by douglas bradburn on this presidents' day, though known as washington's birthday officially in u.s. code. washington's birthday is actually february 22nd. so what should we be celebrating today? >> well, i think that the federal code is it's a national holiday and it's called washington's birthday observed. i think we should be celebrating george washington's birthday. it doesn't hurt to celebrate it again on the 22nd. but i do think that presidents' day itself is sort of an effort to create a national holiday around george washington and lincoln's birthdays, which are close together. i don't know if i care for a holiday that celebrates all presidents. you may know a lot about chester arthur and think that he deserves a lot of our time. william henry harrison was only president for 40 days so i don't really know th

george washington became president. john adams won the majority of the second vote, so he would be vice president. the bill of rights diffused anti-federalist opposition. antifederalists was this coalition that had risen quickly and trying to respond to the constitution, but fairly late, too late to stop ratification, and once the bill of rights was cleared that it was passed and going to be ratified, it really diffused their main issue, their main public issue. antifederalists argued this new constitution was so powerful it would take rights away from individuals. the bill of rights was the compromise the federalists made to assure opponents to the constitution that it would not. the national government would still provide rights to individuals. with the bill of rights well on its way to becoming part of the constitution, the antifederalists really had no issue to keep them together. the new government moved quickly to fix these problems of the 1780's. congress established a federal judicial system. and for revenue --

george washington believed that french and democratic republic agents had recruited the rebels. it wasn't a homegrown rebellion. other people in contrast saw the problem as being washington and hamilton's reaction that that was proof that the government -- it was the government that needed to be controlled. disagreements over how to respond to crisis abroad and at home helped to divide citizens into what will be two political parties. the federalist party will be mainly composed of northern merchants and commercial farmers, including wheat farmers, large-scale farmers and their supporters. the democratic republican party mostly southern tobacco and rice planters because they -- they're also wealthy, they oppose northern merchants and particularly oppose the tariff on imports. but also debt-conscious western farmers, urban artisans, german and scotts-irish immigrants and in general, more sustenance farmers. they support central economic planning, closer ties with great britain and if you're thinking about our spectrum of liberty and order, more on the order side for government. mo

george washington was afraid this was going to spark a war with britain, and george washington thereforesent john jay to britain to negotiate. john jay ended up negotiating jay's treaty, as it became called, in 1795 with britain. and the measures within the treaty were that britain would finally leave those posts in the west that britain was supposed to have left according to the terms of the treaty of paris, but had not yet because of outstanding debts. in jay's treaty they also agreed that american merchants could submit claims to britain for illegally seized goods. so, if goods had been seized by the british they could try to make their case in had britain. jay's treaty required the u.s. government to pay american citizens pre-war debts to british merchants. so, that's the exchange for getting the british troops to leave the west. and the treaty acknowledged the british right to seize french property if it was on an american ship. so, still to stop an american ship but only to take french property off of it. thomas jefferson was furious. he said, this treaty is far too cozy with the b

how did we get from george washington to george w.h, how did we get from george washington to barack obama? how did we get from george washington to donald trump?f5

how did we get from george washington to george w. bush, how did we get from george washington to donald trump. one of the striking things is, if you go to george washington to most presidents, you see a linear progression. some people would think that it's declined, the curve slopes down. in fact, this question of -- this comparison between the first president and the current president goes all the way back to the second president. presidents always look better in the rear-view mirror they do than they're right, front and center. part of this is that we tend to forget the failures and remember the successes. that's part of it. the other thing is, that presidents are usually pretty talented people. and so there's -- they usually have a lot of positive things that can be said about them. but while they're president, typically the other party, or sometimes factions with their own party, have an incentive to tell you all the bad things about them. but once they leave office, that incentive is largely gone. this is why certain presidents

reenactment of george washington's crossing of the delaware river on christmas night, 1776. at happened here is one of the most unexpected and daring military maneuvers of the american revolution. the story is washington and the continental army after having lost battles in new york and retreating across new jersey came into bucks county in the beginning of december 1776. they camped in several locations around the area including the thompson neely house, which is part of our park. things are pretty desperate at this point for washington and the patriot cause. the continental army really needed a win. washington was afraid the british were going to invade philadelphia and take over the capital. he knew what he needed was a and after meeting with his war council they made the decision that on christmas night they would cross the delaware and marched to trenton to attack the hessian outpost at trap -- trenton. as they marched from the thomas aely house here to the ferry, snowstorm started. the weather was terrible. it was snow, hail. it was a pretty bad nor'easter. all of these

george washington became president.john adams won the majority of those second votes, so he would be vice president. the bill of rights diffused anti federalist opposition, a coalition of anti federalists that had arisen quickly to try to respond to the constitution, but fairly late. it was too late to stop ratification, really. and once the bill of rights was clear that it was going to be ratified, it really diffuse their main issue, their main public issue, with anti federalists arguing that the new constitution was so powerful it would take rights away from individuals, and the bill of rights was a compromise the federalists made to try to ensure opponents of the constitution that the national government would still provide rights to individuals. with the bill of rights well on its way to being the constitution, anti federalists had no issue to keep them together. the new government then moved quickly to fix these problems of the 1700 eighties. congress established the federal judicial system, and for revenue, one of

this was a piece of furniture that george washington originally purchased in new york city by the outgoing french ambassador. mrs. washington used it at the executive mansion in philadelphia and in mount vernon. here you can see britannia's grandson seated at the writing table where it was placed in the tudor place parlor and an image of the piece that is now back in mount vernon's collection. in britannia's reminiscences, she provides a fascinating insight into life not only in the tudor place property but in georgetown surrounding the estate. she included history of some of the adjacent houses and properties and the fascinating individuals she had interacted with. such as the former empress of mexico who after her husband's abdication and execution, brought her large family to the u.s. and settled in georgetown. britannia actually recalled that she attended visitation with several of the express's daughters, the former royal princesses. another interesting person she discusses is harriet williams who as a school girl of 16 married the much older widower russian ambassador in 1840. britan

and federal government the final thing here is a biography, the first official biography of george washington ever written, and it's written by john marshall at the urging of washington's family, knowing the close link between them. there's a belief part of the conflict between jefferson and marshall has to do with jefferson's criticism of president washington. here, john marshall knows importantly how important it is for american public memory to really celebrate our great like george washington and his vision of a new and energetic government. so we have this copy here and john marshall's biography of george washington. a great way to end as we walk over and talk about the decisions of the marshall courts. this is marshall as chief justice taking the reins. we will talk about the big decisions that happened in the marshall court. now we move to the most familiar part of his life. these are the great decisions. we are thinking about the big themes we get from these decisions. one is that john marshall's assertion of judicial independence. this is where decisions like marbury versus madison c

if you have a school named after george washington, the school should know all about george washingtonu know, he truly was a great person. i bet there are a lot of countries around the world wishing they had a george washington, the same with abraham lincoln, and you know, dianne feinstein, you know. obviously a pioneering, strong progressive woman. these three people jump out at me as people that should be memorialized. >> i am going to share -- i was looking for what i wrote to a friend about this, and i am wondering what you think. i had a different take on this. here is what i said. someone asked me about this. i am going to quote. my semi short answer is that while each case should be examined on individual merit but this is way too much. there is an enormous difference between robert e. lee and abraham lincoln. i have been watching all of it on another channel, their framing is off. it is similar to what warner media did with turner classic movies and gone with the wind. teach people the history first but not so quick to change things because it whitewashes history. we don't get

[applause] >> from george washington to george w. bush, every sunday at 8:00 p.m. and midnight eastern, we feature the presidency, a weekly series exploring the presidents, policies and legacies. you are watching american history tv, all weekend every weekend, on c-span3. ♪ ♪ ["hail to the chief" playing] [drum roll] ♪ >> this is washington, the capital of a great nation, a city of magnificent buildings, of historic monuments visited by thousands, who come to pay homage to the shrines dedicated to the nation's greats, to george washington, thomas jefferson, abraham lincoln. a city where, beneath the dome of the capitol, a nation's lawmakers meet. a city where young and old pause for one glorious day in january to greet a man about to take the highest office in the land, to watch the pageantry of an inauguration, to share in the proud moment when a president is inaugurated. ♪ for months there have been intensive preparations for this great day. hundreds of workmen sawed and hammered and painted to make ready the stands to accommodate the expected thousands. ♪ ♪ at l

of george washington.re are statues of washington here, paintings of washington there, washington is the single most represented person in the art collection in the capitol. the city is named for him. he is so connected to it. >> after choosing the site for the capitol in 1791, then laying the cornerstone in 1793, it was washington's desire that the building be completely done and ready for congress to occupy in 1800. >> washington's vision for the building was something large, magnificent, and would command respect. would make americans of every state love their country better, and he hoped that it would be first in the affections of all americans. that is his legacy. >> while washington's aspirations for the building and the city have been more than realized over the course of the centuries, his hopes for what he called a congress house and the banks of the potomac being finished by 1800 would go unfold build -- unfulfilled due to construction and weather delays. the capitol today does not resemble its e

if you have a school named after george washington the students should know all about george washingtonrtainly one thing that they should know is that, you know, he truly bwas a great person. i'm sure there are a lot of countries around the world who wish they had had a george washington. same with abraham lincoln and, you know, dianne feinstein. obviously a pioneering, strong, progressive woman. these three people really do jump out at me as people who actually should be memorialized. >> i just -- i'm going to share -- i was looking for what i wrote to a friend about this. and i'm wondering what you think because i had a different take on this. and i said -- let's see. here's what i said, okay, and you can tell me if i'm wrong. somebody asked me about this. i'm quoting. my semishort answer is that while each case should be examined on its individual merit, this is way too much. there's an enormous difference between robert e. lee and abraham lincoln, et cetera. i've been watching all of this on another channel and their framing is off but it is a legit story. it's really similar to wha

so we have this copy of john marshall's biography of george washington. a great way to end here as we walk over and talk about the great decisions of the marshall court. this is marshall chief justice taking the reins. we will talk about some of the big decisions happened during the marshall court. now we move to the most familiar part of john marshall's life, the great decisions of the marshall court. we are thinking about the big themes we get from these decisions. one is john marshall's assertion of judicial independence. decisions like marbury versus madison come in. connected with that, decisions that move toward a vision of the constitution that gives the federal government more power. it is a reading of the constitution of broad powers of the federal government to do genuinely national things. this is the flashpoint between jefferson and marshall. first before getting into some of the artifacts it is important , to think about john marshall's legacy of building up the legitimacy of the supreme court. again john jay was offered this , commission to

i'm sure if george washington were here, he would thank you for his service as well. secretary powell: i would say thank you to him, for what he did for the country, not just as president, but as a human being. he did not look for wars. but if he found one, he did not turn away. when he left, he gave us one of these messages i will never forget. his farewell speech. his comments about don't look for wars. and he left us with that vision. when he could have been the king of america. or the special president of america. he just wanted to be the president. that's all he is. and he decided to leave. he stayed long enough. and he warned us about spending too much money on the military and he warned us about getting too cocky. and he left us with a great set of rules. i know them well. i have read them over the years. i have used them repeatedly as i have walked through problem. what do i do now? he helped. >> tom vilsack, the agricultural secretary nominee testifies before the senate agricultural committee. live coverage begins tuesday on c-span3. >> next, remarks by forme

and the bottom you can see the handwritten transcribe little of -- scribblings of a very angry george washington and i got a kick out of putting them next to each ein book. monroe writes he was invite bid the president accept the office of minister and washington's comments are after several attempts had failed to an continue a more eligible character. another point he said i did no perceive how the declaration of independence supplied at the time of the jay treaty and negotiations and washington's comments are, none are so dull than those who will not perceive and it just goes on and on like that. if this what done right now, jim, i think there would be the initials wts along the pages how angry washington was about this. >> it's remarkable because as folks may know, washington was not something who wrote in the margins of books. just didn't do it. very rare if he wrote on or two words. this is guns blazing right here and i guess -- back up just a little bit and i want to know why washington sends monroe to france in the first place? by this point, the mid-1790's monroe is a pretty well known p

and then monroe takes them to herself to help her and her son, george washington latvian safely out of france. adrienne goes to austrian winds up immediately being imprisoned with her husband. bit.ly she is with her husband. and washington sends their son to his namesake to george washington. with that kind of bravery is wonderful to read about monroe 's words as he writes in this autobiography be about how she did this. she is a remarkable lady. very talented and very quiet. she's almost the jacqueline kennedy of the founding first ladies. she's a bit regal she is miss represented as aloof. it's the case that she hasn't old-fashioned politeness and she saw to that. >> we can talk for just a minute about the contrast about the and how they entertain. dolley madison for example was a very powerful figure in d.c. politics. and then followed by james and elizabeth. how did their time in france shape the ways in which they create a small republican court in the washington and that. >> i think the monroe's were both very influenced in france. not just by thinking and culture but also by fur

announcer: from george washington to george w. bush every sunday at 8:00 p.m. to midnight eastern we feature the presidency, a weekly series exporting presence, their politics, policies, and legacies. people watching american history tv all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. my fellow americans, i have always thought new year's day was an especially american tradition. full of the optimism and hope we are famous for in our daily lives. that energy and confidence we call the american spirit. perhaps because we know we control our own destiny we --ieve deep down it inside down inside we believe we can make each year better than the old. today is one of resolutions. reviewing the old year we try to decide what we can do that are in the new. most of us are without families families.- with our it gathered together we find strength and renewal. this special holiday time is tragically marred for many of us. you may have spotted the reason last night is right around. a drunk driver. each year -- 650,000 arel seriously injured. the personal pain and arctic -- heart ache

monuments visited by thousands, to pay homage to the shrines dedicated to the nations greats, to george washingtonomas jefferson, abraham lincoln. a city where beneath the dome of the capitol a nation's lawmakers meet. a city where young and old pause for one glorious day in january to greet a man about to take the highest office in the land. to watch the peasantry -- the pageantry of an inauguration. to share in the proud moment when a president is inaugurated. for months there has been intensive preparations for this great day. hundreds of workmen sawed and painted to make ready the stance to accommodate the expected thousands. -- to make ready the stands to accommodate the expected thousands. ♪ last, the great moment is here. the empty gathering at the steps of the capitol as the worlds ranking diplomats, as the members of the supreme court in the president's cabinet arrived. ♪ the president and vice president approach the platform and the doctor asks the blessings of all the mighty. >> to thy service this president and the vice president of the united states, all needed wisdom, help and streng

two months later he is visiting george washington at mt. vernon. for latrobe it seem that indication of the possibilities of the united states. in the monarchy of george iii would would never have had some easy access to a powerful player such as the player or prime minister, and so when latrobe arrived on horseback at george washington's estate, it was to him something of a miracle. of course, he had an entry. he had become friendses with george washington's nephew, and had a letter of introduction. nonetheless, he was thrilled to have this opportunity to meet a man who he considered to be a noble. creator of the american republic. the was not so thrilled with the house mount vernon. he wrote in his journal that it was no better than a country english gentleman's home, man who might have access to 500 pounds a year. but nonetheless, this is an outstanding moment in latrobe's early life in -- of the united states, and as an ÉmigrÉ, it gives him hope for the future and if we could go on to the next slide, this is the famous bank of pennsylvania. virg

if humans later, is visiting george washington at mount vernon. into latrobe it seemed that it was an indication of the possibilities of the united states. in the monarchy of george the third month when would never have had such access to a powerful player. so when latrobe arrived on horseback at george washington's estate, it was to him something of a miracle. and of course, he has an entry rated has become friends with washington was george washington's nephew. and had a letter of introduction rated nonetheless, he was thrilled to have this opportunity to meet a man who he considered to be an oval. a noble creator of the american republic. is not so thrilled with the house, mouth burning. a wrote in his journal that it was no better than a country english to gentlemen somebody men who liked to have access to 500 pounds a year. but nonetheless this is now standing moment in latrobe's early life in the united states. defendants immigrate, give them hope for the future and if we can go on to the next slide, this is the famous bank of pennsylvania.

george washington had a hand in the design of the capital. here's a look.video clip] >> after choosing the site for the capital in 1791 and laying the cornerstone in 1793 it was his desire that the building be completely done and ready for congress to occupy in 1800. >> his vision of the building was something large, magnificent, to command respect. make americans of every state love their country better and he hoped that it would be first in the affections of all americans. that's his legacy. >> while his aspirations have been more than realized, his hopes for the congress house being finished by 1800 would go unfulfilled due to construction, labor, and weather delays. as you look at the capital as it is today, it does not resemble at all the building in its early years of occupancy, when the house, senate, and supreme court all shared space in a small box like structure on the northern or senate side, from 1800 until a similar side house wing was completed just to the south in 1807. it would then be some 19 years later, 1826 that the building washington d

and then the weight monroe puts it, it's kind of funny then we could also say george washington first at war first at peace first the hearts of countrymen and the first ghost writer because he has been dead for 30 years. it really is an extension of washington's beliefs. but by now they become monroe and thanks to the doctrine they become our countries. suspect this is been a fantastic discussion, tim, thanks so much for sharing all this with this. think it's time for some audience questions but while michael hayden bring back sara she can help answer questions as well and see what is on the audiences mind. >> steven they go, steven floyd would like to know monroe is less transparent than is presidential predecessors and successors. what kid makes him opaque was a lack of diaries et cetera? >> let's start with you and them will bring you in. >> must be less opaque because dance team has not finished putting papers into a book form. he doesn't write with the skill of jefferson, not many people do. it is not have the countless diaries to washington's papers are accessible they will put

george washington becomes the first president.then congress passes a law saying we're going to move the capital to philadelphia and then eventually a place south of that in order to deal with certain debt issues that the government had. there was a compromise. and ultimately it was decided to move it further south in philadelphia. george washington is given the right to pick the site and he picks something on the potomac. why did he pick this potomac area? >> in some way it was a place that already had -- georgetown was here. there was some tobacco trading. he had the river systems. he thought that this was a really nice spot that was between the north and the south. >> okay. so they're going to build a capital city here, a federal city. not yet named after him, eventually it was named after him. were there any slaves living in the washington area at the time? >> well, from the very beginning of what we call the washington area, there were plantations. so there were enslaved people that lived here before it became officially washi

land much vaster than when archbishop john carroll wrote his prayer for the inauguration of george washington 232 years ago our special carol prayed that you a creator of all would assist with your holy spirit of counsel and fortitude the president of these united states. that his administration may be conducted in write just as and be eminently useful to your people today we confess our past failures to live according to our vision of equality inclusion and freedom for all yet we resolutely commit still more now to renewing the vision to caring for one another in word and deed especially the least fortunate among us and so becoming a light for the world there is a power in each and every one of us that lives by turning to every other one of us a thrust of the spirit to cherish and care and stand by others and above all those most in need. it is called love and its path is to give ever more of itself to day it is called american patriotism born out of power and privilege but of care for the common good with malice toward none and with charity for all. for our new president we beg of you the w

was on new year's eve, on the frozen banks of the delaware river 245 years ago that general george washington's soldiers were freezing cold, they were hungry. they faced almost certain defeat and were no longer interested in fighting. they had one more day of their commission before they could go home. they weren't interested in fighting. they weren't even interested in the pay washington offered them. but washington dismounted his white horse and looked them in the eye and talked about their moment in history and fighting for freedom and justice. with 3% of the population fighting for independence against tyranny, domination and control, these hungry, tired, cold, defeated soldiers knew of it was their home to stand up and fight for freedom. the many, january 6 was such a moment. it cannot be denied that bellwethers were upset and the irregularities were beyond minimal. and we are all being told to shut up and move on. january 6 will tell us whether there are any in congress willing to battle for the america that those soldiers fought for, the one that you and i believe in. and that's my open.

. >>> next, remarks by historian doug bradburn on george washington and the presidency.he president and ceo of the mount vernon ladies association which manages george washington's estate. this was part of a live simulcast on president's day on c-span's washington journal. it's an hour. >>> from the ground of george washington's historic mount vernon, we're joined now at the education and museum center there by doug bradburn, the president and ceo of george washington's mount vernon on this president's day. first, sir, explain the significance of that m

el primer presidente de estados unidos george washington hizo un recorrido por las calles saludando a fue sustituido por un automÓvil en 1921 >>> el clima tambiÉn ha moldeado este evento en 1985 hizo tanto frÍo que ronald regal tomÓ juramento bajo techo y trasladÓ del ala este al ala oeste >>> hay mÁs espacio para reunir a multitudes que viajan de todo el paÍs para ser parte de un dÍa histÓrico. >> un dÍa histÓrico, bello en washington, dc en donde hoy no habrÁ esa multitud tan esperada y tan tradicional aquÍ en donde mÁs personas vinieron a una inauguraciÓn fue el 20 de enero 2009 para barack obama hoy no se puede por razÓn de covid y tambiÉn por razones de seguridad. ¿vanessa? >>> ciudad blindada prÁcticamente militarizada en muchos lugares como si fuera zona de guerra >>> totalmente >>> hay lugares que no se pueden entrar >>> alrededor del capitolio tiene vallas de 8 pies de altura con ademÁs todo tipo de seguridad hemos visto decenas de miles de representantes de la guardia nacional de la policÍa federal de la policÍa de los alrededores la verdad como tÚ dices parece una zona de g

diplomacy center as well as george washington university space policy institute.'d like to thank all my colleagues, they're into numerous to name. thank you for your contributions. i'd like to reiterate that we will be celebrating the 50th anniversary of apollo 11 over the next few days. please join us on the mall, their events inside the museum hopefully will get to participate in them as well. thank you for coming and enjoy your evening. >> next, on american history tv. former nasa flight director gene grants talks about his life and career. and the poll 13. this marks the 50th anniversary, of apollo 11 and was part of the american veteran center for the annual conference in washington d.c.. this is 45 minutes. >> it is now my pleasure, i think he's here to introduce jared holbrooke are you still here? i was waiting for you to come

we will soon be reading the first biography of george washington. weems would have you believe that george washington is literally born ready to be president. in their memoirs, presidents never say that. one thing you have all said is every of these presidents in the memoir says here is the struggle i faced as a child. what's nixon's struggle? >> coming from a poor family. dr. kastor: born into poverty. what is obama's struggle? >> racial identity. dr. kastor: racial identity, also born into a family that really struggled. barely knows his father. a quest to understand himself. a huge part of that narrative. with carter, there's even some degree of that as well, coming to terms with his own faith. what about george w. bush. frankly, at first glance, there's not much struggle for george w. bush. we should all be so lucky as to be born to the. -- be born into the privileges of george w. bush. >> he uses that struggle to transition into faith and how he understood how important faith was in his life. dr. kastor: how did he overcome alcoholism? >> throu

to george washington, thomas jefferson, abraham lincoln.y where beneath the classic don't of the capital, a nation's law makers, a cities where young and old greet a man about to take the highest office in the land. to watch the pageantry and color of a memorable event. and to share, as americans, in that proud moment when a president is inaugurated. four months there has been intensive preparations for this great day. hundreds of workman saad and hammered and painted to make ready the stands to accommodate expected thousands. at last, the great moment is near. the empty calorie at the steps of the capital sun is crowded as the world's ranking diplomats, the members of the supreme court, the presidents cabinet arrived. ♪ ♪ ♪ the president and vice president approached the podium platform. >> the president and the vice president of the united states, all needed wisdom, help and strength. chief justice vincent greats president truman, who then steps forward to repeat with moving simplicity and dignity. >> i, harry truman do solemnly swear, th

again, goes back to the tradition of george washington, but not all presidents choose to do that eithert believe president obama did. president george w. bush did not, either. there's some flexibility. all right, everyone, well, thank you. that is it for today. enjoy your week, and i will see you guys next monday. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> listen to lectures in history on the goal is streaming our podcast -- on the go by streaming our podcast. you are watching c-span history tv. next, during the great depression, almost one quarter of the working population was unemployed. this gave rise to an increasing number of migrant workers, commonly referred to as hobos. jeffrey urbin, with the franklin d. roosevelt presidential library and museum explains how they have been romanticized in popular culture. in 50 minutes, a panel discussion on the role of african-american in women's history. and in two hours in two hours and 10 minutes, a top about a book, a reminiscence. jeffrey: hi,

by thousands who come to pay homage of the shrines that are dedicated to the nation's greats, george washingtonas jefferson, abraham lincoln. the city where beneath the classic home of the capital, a nation lawmakers meet. a city where young and old pause for one glorious sundry and stay in january to greet the man who spoke to take office. watch the pageantry and color of a memorable event and share as americans in their proud moments when a president is inaugurated. four months there has been intensive preparations for this great day. hundreds of workman saad and hammered and painted to accommodate the expected thousands. ♪ ♪ ♪ at last a great moment is near. the empty gallery at the steps of the capital, crowded as the world ranking diplomats, members of the supreme court, the presidents cabinet all arrive. ♪ ♪ ♪ the president and vice president approach the front of the platform and the doctor steps forward to as the blessings of the almighty. >> the president and vice president of the united states, all needed wisdom, health and strength. >> chief justice vincent greats hairy s two men to

joining us is laura brown of george washington university to talk about how this all works. let's begin with the tellers. there are two senate tellers, two house teller, zoe lofgren of california and rodney davis, republican of illinois. how do -- what role will they play? what will we see them do today? guest: they will actually help to open up the ballots and then in fact tally the ballots. they will present them to the vice president and show him what those ballots were. each of these tellers had been appointed by their respective chambers and by their majority leaders. so this is again part of a ceremonial function but it is part of the process of counting the electoral ballots. host: while we're talking today, waiting for this joint session to get under way, outside of the chambers thousands have gathered in washington to rally for president trump and protest against the tally today of the electoral college vote. you can see many have descended on the capitol. there are folks all throughout washington, including down by the white house, and president trump addressed the

. >> as president roosevelt accepts with confidence and grace, that which george washington refused. in this day, the task of the people is too safe that nation, and from this from disruptions, and from without. in the face of great narrows, never before. our storm purpose is to protect and to perpetuate the integrity of democracy. for this we must defend the spirit of america at the fate of america. we do not retreat, we are not content to stand still, as americans we go forward. in the servants of our country, but the will of god. >> with the address finished, the parade begins. the troops at the court of freedom, a military parade at which the defense program is the keynote. the west point cadets. for graham on certain years they are headed. the claw sole task of arming in protecting this nation without sacrificing its democratic heritage. and aiding with airplanes, ships and guns, other democracies struggling and safeguard the rights of freemen around the world. units of the regular army demonstrate to the nation and to the world that america's defense has begun. ♪ ♪ ♪

[applause] >> president roosevelt accepts with confidence and grace that which george washington refused>> in this day the task of the people is to save that nation and its institutions from disruption from without. in the face of great perils, our purpose is to protect and to perpetuate the integrity of democracy. for this we must. the spirit of america and the faith of america. we do not retreat. we are not content to stand still. as americans we go forward in the service of our country by the will of god. [applause] >> his address finished with the stirring spectacle of the inaugural parade. reviewing troops at the court of freedom. a military parade for which the defense program is the keynote. the west point cadets. ♪ ahead, four grim, uncertain years. for president roosevelt he's tried to protect the nation without sacrificing its heritage. aiding with airplanes, ships, and guns other democracies trying to banish oppression and safeguard the rights of freemen throughout the world. ♪ the army demonstrates to the nation of the world that america's defense has begun. ♪ >> american his

it's a great thing to be talking about george washington. >> oh yeah [laughs] >> why do you get interested in the project and why is it interesting today to be talking about washington's farewell address. >> imagine if the first founding father, george washington, sat down with alexander hamilton in james madison, and wrote a memo to future generations. to us. specifically about the forces he feared could destroy our democratic republic. rooted in the lessons of his life, and his understanding of history. he did. that's the farewell address. he wrote it just a block from here, which was then the philadelphia executive mansion. he wrote it over a period of years, as the out a biography of his ideas. and it really was the sum total of his hard won wisdom. drawing on all the aspects of his life. as a soldier, as a surveyor, as a farmer, as a statesman. washington doesn't always get the respect he deserves as a thinker. as a man of great wisdom. he wasn't the most brilliant of the founding fathers. he wasn't a shining wit, he was enormously insecure about his own capacities to serve as preside

well, i will tell them all the material to make a cell phone was around at the time of george washington it was also around at that time but what was different and why we have a cell phone today and george washington didn't, it has to do with the human brain. human ingenuity, human beings being free to explore things. that is why we have, that is why we enjoy the riches that are unprecedented in history. it's the human brain allows us to be free to do those things and lying at the root of it is people's desire to have more of something and in the free market system the way that you have more of something is to please your fellow man. why is bill gates so rich? did he take your money? he didn't rob you. what he did, he found some way to please you. he found a way to please millions and millions of people and they voluntarily plunked down $400 for his windows or you look at ford who made the model t, he did something to please his fellow man. he enabled his fellow man to be able to buy a cheaper car so that's the root of richness. the human mind and the desire for each of us to want to hav

that is george washington in the upper left, not coincidentally, right over the case that has the baldagle, the national bird. i wonder if it's a little bit of a dig that it's poor ben franklin's turkey that is awaiting taxidermy in the lower left corner before it ends up joining the rest of the specimens, and of course, behind peel himself is the mastadon skeleton, tucked behind there. that is the artifact that helped put us really in the public eye in europe as well as america. now, in 1801 when this mastadon skeleton is excavated, it is considered the largest terrestrial being. right now it's the mammoth. so mammoth everything becomes ther%÷ adjective for the unite states. in 1802, the town of lester, massachusetts makes a 15-foot-wide wheel of cheese called the mammoth cheese, which they put on a flatbed cart and, you know, on horses, bring it down to washington to deliver to the mammoth in chief, which is jefferson. someone else makes a loaf of bread the size of a casket called the mammoth bread. there is a mammoth pickle, which is a 9-pound beet. what you have is a kind of celeb

that is why we read the farewell of george washington.ack to light grade schoolers hear the statements final and official words. that the free constitution, that is the work of your hands secretly maintained, we read thomas jefferson's original draft, that letting those middle schooler see for themselves that even the most enlightened minds may not fully perceived the moral demands of the truth. then we read federate douglas is 1850 tune speech, letting the highschoolers experience the rhetorical powers of a great man whose words have the piercing moral clarity of a profit. by teaching our nation's history with such equanimity, we provide the young with the tools of thought and expression to equip them for active citizenship. that we teach them to accurately read the record for themselves. we teach them to interpret impartially that, the mixture of problems, purposes, and motives of the. past we teach them to understand our president moment is informed by and built upon the accomplishments of our predecessors. like the great arts academie