the sea route under the guidance of the legendary geographer georgy ushakov, oceanographer, geologistsnd polar explorers set a world record for free navigation beyond the arctic circle of six and a half thousand miles traveled , half went beyond the eightieth parallel in the northern part of the kara sea, discovered a large island and named it after their leader. islands. ushakov discovered underwater plains and mountain ranges, studied the composition of water, the characteristics of the soil and the characteristics of living organisms. this was the first scientific information about the central arctic and the expedition. ushakova helped formulate the first norms of ice navigation on july 6, 1945, the united states began a top-secret operation paperclip to transport thousands of german scientists to america in the first place, so that their advanced developments would not fall into the hands of the soviet union after the end of the war. who worked closely with the nazis, and in order to get around this restriction, the american intelligence services came up with hundreds of scientists