resulted in the selection of geraldine ferraro as his running mate. it didn't work out as we anticipated because people vote for the top of the ticket, not the vice president. it did energize women and women were very mobilize around that election. it didn't make a difference in the outcome. host: how long did it take the republican party to react to the gains the democratic party was seeing with the gender gap? guest: they really started focusing on the gender gap almost immediately in trying to figure out ways in which they could chip away at that advantage. you certainly saw, most clearly, when george w. bush ran. there was a whole campaign about the w stands for women and working to mobilize women voters. the challenge is, the reason that they are supporting democratic candidates has to do really with issues on the party. women tend to feel more economically vulnerable. they make less money than men. they have less money saved for retirement. they feel more employment is secure for men and they see the government as a social safety net. they see t