rbc capital markets' managing director gerard cassidy, he's got an outperform on bank of america and jpmorgan, and our friend keith fitz if gerald of the fits if gerald group. -- fitzgerald group. gerard, give me your grade for the banks that have reported so far because, on the surface, they all beat estimates. dig deeper for our viewers. >> well, liz, what we saw in this quarter which we were anticipating considering that the fed has moved so aggressively in raising short-term interest rates was higher net interest margins which led to much stronger net interest revenue growth. so when you look at how they beat their numbers, generally the banks that reported today reported better than expected -- income growth, partially offset by -- [audio difficulty] slightly below nonif interest income or fee income growth. and as you might imagine, the fee income business was impacted by the investment banking business which, of course, was very weak mt. quarter. but overall, the results that came in benefited from better loan growth and better margins which led to this stronger net interest in