information of course for more on this let's bring in marcus hippy he's a biologist at the german research center for environmental health he joins me via skype from munich welcome to w. marcus when it comes to the antibody test many people of the most the most of them the most important question is there's a positive test result mean i'm immune. so if you're immune to the virus that's used on the carrier and can not tell you because. if you were to say if you're immune you have to do under 3 things you know i say you can prove your antibody prevents the virus from entering your saddles. until now antibody tests have not been considered particularly reliable that's why you used a new method on a large scale study what did that look like. so there are there are also some. point of care casts that are reliable want to redo. we did look for our own antibodies then a year later in the d.c.'s. especially what we what our method looked like was that we don't test so we give the screening test and then a confirmation test again for antibodies against 2 different proteins to. the special this is not real

information of course for more on this let's bring in marcus hippy he's a biologist at the german research centerfor environmental health he joins me via skype from munich welcome to w. marcus when it comes to the antibody test many people of the most the most of them the most important question is does a positive test result mean i'm immune. so if you're immune to the virus this is used on an hour and cannot tell you because. if you were to say if you're immune you have to do a neutralization essay where you can prove that your antibody prevents the virus from entering your cells. until now antibody tests have not been considered particularly reliable that's why you used a new method on a large scale study what did that look like. so that there are also some. kind of care casts that are reliable what we do. look for are more antibodies that appear later and that you see. especially what we what our method looks like was that we do that tests a regular screening test and then a confirmation test again or antibodies against 2 different proteins to. the special this is that really just specificity

of the german research center for an environmental health thank you for talking to us thank you. so we know some more about the different methods of covert testing then we did at the start of the show but there are questions remaining and that's when our science correspondent derek williams is happy to jump in. is it possible to test positive for kind of a $1000.00 and it's antibodies at the same time. tricky question to answer it we need a quick refresher on the terminology antibodies our immune system proteins that can be detected by what are called serial logical tests general the from blood samples if you have antibodies that are specific to covert 19 that indicates that you were exposed to the corona virus at some point in the past whether you develop symptoms or not diagnostics like antigen and p.c.r. tests on the other hand are for detecting the virus or its genetic material so they're supposed to tell you whether you have an active infection this question therefore basically boils down to cannot have an active infection yet at the same time be producing detectable amounts

information of course for more on this let's bring in marcus hippy she's a biologist at the german research center for environmental health he joins me via skype from munich welcome to w marcus when it comes to the antibody test many people of the most the most of them the most important question is does a positive test result mean i'm immune so if you're immune to the virus this is used on terror and it can not tell you. if you were to say if you're immune you have to do a neutralization essay where you can prove that your antibody prevents the virus from entering your cells. until now antibody tests have not been considered particularly reliable that's why you used a new method on a large scale study what did that look like. so that there are also some. kind of care casts that are reliable what we do. look for are more antibodies that appear later in the g.c.c. . especially what we what our method looks like was that we don't test so we get a screening test and then a confirmation test again for antibodies against 2 different proteins so. the special about this is that really just specificity or

information of course for more on this let's bring in marcus hippy he's a biologist at the german research center for environmental health he joins me via skype from munich welcome to w. marcus when it comes to the antibody test many people of the most the most of them the most important question is does a positive test result mean i'm immune. so if you're immune to the virus this is used on terror and it can not tell you because. if you were to say if you're immune you have to do a neutralization essay where you can prove that your antibody prevents the virus from entering your cells. until now antibody tests have not been considered particularly reliable that's why you used a new method on a large scale study what did that look like. so that there are also some. kind of care casts that are reliable what we do. look for are more antibodies then a year later and that you see. especially what we what our method looks like was that we're going to play each test so we get a screening test and then a confirmation test again for antibodies against 2 different proteins so. the special about this is tha

the number of tests that goes up there really are more infections magazine they have the german research center for an environmental health thank you for talking to us thank you. so we know some more about the different methods of covert testing than we did at the start of the show but there are questions remaining and that's when our science correspondent derrick williams is happy to jump in. is it possible to test positive for 19 and its antiquities at the same time. tricky question to answer it we need a quick refresher on the terminology antibodies our immune system proteins that can be detected by what are called serial logical tests generally from blood samples if you have antibodies that are specific to covert 19 that indicates that you were exposed to the corona virus at some point in the past whether you develop symptoms or not diagnostics like antigen and p.c.r. tests on the other hand are for detecting the virus or its genetic material so they're supposed to tell you whether you have an active infection this question therefore basically boils down to can i have an active infection ye

but not so dangerous they need to be banned i asked katz and of the german cancer research center. there are definitely fewer harmful substances in the paper these cigarettes than into bacco smoke that's not difficult to bacco smoke is a cocktail of thousands of substances. her biggest concern is that the long term health effects have yet to be studied. there is what happens if you use these products several times a day over the course of months and years and we just don't know that yet. but one thing's clear the choice of sweet tasty flavors could encourage young people in particular to take up the habit and so germany is among those toughening up. the government here has opted to ban online advertising for each cigarettes starting next year. retailers fear that could hit the industry haunt. from 2024 billboard advertising will be banned too so you won't see posters or anything anywhere and we think that's a big mistake. marketing the cigarettes is becoming more difficult worldwide and thus to my question of whether there are any healthier than conventional smoking methods. clarit

back thrown from all over germany are being examined for possible causes the german federal research center for cultivated plants is running tests to try to save the plant our hypothesis is they are me how were major role of fungi in this disease complex sundog it's quite likely that we are climate as an additional influence but there are certainly other factors that need to be investigated like forums or the effect of other plans like cultural practices. the harvest ended in september previous they function better collected around $80.00 to $90.00 tons of berries this year he got only 110th of his normal harvest. only this freezer is usually filled with contain is. all they are spreading is kind on the freezer could be fuller given the time of year. but i'm not thinking about it too much at the moment for now we'll just process the berries that we haven't turned them into a good product so when once we run out we'll have to see where we go from there. looking to see bucks on berries have a long history in the face last germany's 1st ever plantation was here the berries are tot fruity and h

but not so dangerous they need to be banned i asked katherine shannon of the german cancer research center. there are definitely fewer harmful substances in the paper of the cigarettes than into bacco smoke that's not difficult to bacco smoke is a cocktail of thousands of substances. biggest concern is that the long term health effects have yet to be studied. there is what happens if you use these products several times a day over the course of months and years and we just don't know that yet. but one thing's clear the choice of sweet tasty flavors could encourage young people in particular to take up the habit and so germany is among those toughening up. the government here has opted to ban online advertising for cigarettes starting next year. retailers fear that could hit the industry haunt. from 2024 billboard advertising will be banned too so you won't see posters or anything anywhere and we think that's a big mistake. marketing the cigarettes is becoming more difficult and us to my question of whether there are any healthier than conventional smoking methods real clarity. especially s

but not nice cigarettes so dangerous they need to be banned i asked katz and of the german cancer research center. there are definitely fewer harmful substances in the paper these cigarettes than into bacco smoke that's not difficult to bacco smoke is a cocktail of thousands of substances. biggest concern is that the long term health effects have yet to be studied. there is what happens if you use these products several times a day over the course of months and years and we just don't know that yet. but one thing's clear the choice of sweet tasty flavors could encourage young people in particular to take up the habit and so germany is among those toughening up it's. the government here has opted to ban online advertising for cigarettes starting next year. retailers fear that could hit the industry hard. from 2024 billboard advertising will be banned too so you won't see posters or anything anywhere and we think that's a big mistake. marketing the cigarettes is becoming more difficult world wide and thus to my question of whether there are any healthier than conventional smoking methods real clari

lonnie cigarettes so dangerous they need to be banned i asked catherine shiner of the german cancer research center. there are definitely fewer harmful substances in the paper these cigarettes than into bacco smoke that's not difficult to bacco smoke is a cocktail of thousands of substances. her biggest concern is that the long term health effects have yet to be studied. is what happens if you use these products several times a day over the course of months and years and we just don't know that yet. but one thing's clear if the choice of sweet tasty flavors could encourage young people in particular to take up the habit and so germany is among those toughening up it's. the government here has opted to ban online advertising for cigarettes starting next year. retailers fear that could hit the industry hard. from 2024 billboard advertising will be banned too so you won't see posters or anything anywhere and we think that's a big mistake. marketing the cigarettes is becoming more difficult worldwide and us to my question of whether there are any healthier than conventional smoking methods real clarity

back thrown from all over germany are being examined for possible causes the german federal research center for cultivated plants is running tests to try to save the plant. our hypothesis is they out me how were major role of fungi in this disease complex. it's quite likely that we are climate as an additional insurance but there are certainly other factors that need to be investigated like forums or the effect or other. like cultural practices. the harvest ended in september previous they function better collected around $80.00 to $90.00 tons of berries this year he got only 110th of his normal harvest. long and this freezer is usually filled with contain is. putting this kind on our freezer could be fuller given the time of year. but i'm not thinking about it too much at the moment for now we'll just process the berries that we have and turn them into a good product so when once we run out we'll have to see where we go from there. see box on berries have a long history in the last germany's 1st ever plantation was here the berries tot fruity and have a strong flavor and soon became popula

samples of sea buckthorn from all over germany are being examined for possible causes the german federal research center for cultivated plants is running tests to try to save the plant our hypothesis is. how a major role of hunger this is complex. it's quite likely that we are climate influenced but there are certainly other factors that need to be investigated like forms of. the effect or other. like cultural practices. the harvest ended in september previously function better collected around $80.00 to $90.00 tons of berries this year he got only 110th of his normal harvest. this freezer is usually filled with contain is. putting this kind on your freezer could be fuller given the time of year. but i'm not thinking about it too much at the moment for now we'll just process the berries that we haven't turned them into a good product and if i want to run out we'll have to see where we go from there. see backs on berries have a long history in the last germany's 1st ever plantation was here the berries are tart fruity and have a strong flavor and soon became popular in germany and they're a powerhouse of

lonnie cigarettes so dangerous they need to be banned i asked katz and shannon of the german cancer research center. there are definitely fewer harmful substances in the paper these cigarettes than into bacco smoke that's not difficult to bacco smoke is a cocktail of thousands of substances. her biggest concern is that the long term health effects have yet to be studied. this is what happens if you use these products several times a day over the course of months and years and we just don't know that yet. but one thing's clear the choice of sweet tasty flavors could encourage young people in particular to take up the habit and so germany is among those toughening up it's. the government here has opted to ban online advertising for each cigarettes starting next year. retailers fear that could hit the industry haunt. from 2024 billboard advertising will be banned too so you won't see posters or anything anywhere and we think that's a big mistake. marketing cigarettes is becoming more difficult world wide and us to my question of whether there are any healthier than conventional smoking methods there's

but not a cigarette so dangerous they need to be banned i asked katz and china of the german cancer research center. there are definitely fewer harmful substances in the paper lisa than into bacco smoke that's not difficult to bacco smoke is a cocktail of thousands of substances. biggest concern is that the long term health effects have yet to be studied. there is what happens if you use these products several times a day over the course of months and years and we just don't know that yet. but one thing's clear the choice of sweet tasty flavors could encourage young people in particular to take up the habit and so germany is among those toughening up it's. the government here has opted to ban online advertising for cigarettes starting next year. retailers fear that could hit the industry haunt. from 2024 billboard advertising will be banned too so you won't see posters or anything anywhere and we think that's a big mistake. marketing the cigarettes is becoming more difficult and thus to my question of whether there are any healthier than conventional smoking methods. clarity. especially since i sti

samples of sea buckthorn from all over germany are being examined for possible causes the german federal research center for cultivated plants is running tests to try to save the plant our hypothesis is that we have a major role of fungi in this complex. it's quite likely that climate will influence but there are certainly other factors that need to be investigated like forms of. the effect or other. like cultural practices. the harvest ended in september previously function better collected around $80.00 to $90.00 tons of berries this year he got only 110th of his normal harvest. long in this freezer is usually filled with contain is. all you have to think is current on your freezer could be fuller given the time of year. but i'm not thinking about it too much at the moment but for now we'll just process the berries that we have and turn them into a good product and so when once we run out we'll have to see where we go from there . vendors in talking to see back thornberrys have a long history in that face last gemini's 1st ever plantation was here the berries are tart fruity and have a strong flavor a