we don't want you to defend gettysburg. he says this. don't defend gettysburg. i have asked you to move on gettysburg and post yourself up there with the idea of inviting the enemy to coalesce in front of me. if you are john reynolds, what exactly is being asked of you? these guys all were trained soldiers. they all went to west point. they all studied military tactic. there was a graduate of west point who taught on everyone of meade's corps commanders. , and johnisciple reynolds was an assistant theessor of tactic for outbreak of the war and was commandant of cadets. only in the 19th century to have titles of books like this " outpost and detachment service and troops in the matter of posting and handling them in the presence of the enemy." 1847.hed in right on the heels of another one. here is what he says in this book. he says, when an enemy's beauty to force him to show his hand by causing him to call out all of his detachmentn a large of all arms adequate to the task of pressing the enemy vigorously and also withdrawing with safety when pressed in turn mus

the gettysburg times reported, gettysburg looks quite different. if 2200 make this a big crowd, what will it look like with 12 -- with 12,000 here? indeed, could the town's in -- infrastructure support this? on the 50th anniversary of the battle of gettysburg festival four years earlier, they proved they could support it. they commemorated and celebrated the battle. now, what goes in must come out. the soldiers' camp would have its own means for sewage and trash removal. it needed the town government to coordinate with the camp authorities to ensure of the disposal of any overflow. unbeknownst to most visitors today, if a crew came in, and this is happened in the past when they buried cell phone but -- cell phone cables, they dug up sewage systems. by the end of the same week that the soldiers arrived, the camp was beginning to change. it would be called camp of the united states troops, gettysburg. they ordered the construction of latrines, offices, stables, storage buildings and tent floors. on june 7, one ad was posted about town for 500 carpent

>> he wrote a book about gettysburg, immediate meditations on the history of the place here at gettysburg. [applause] mark: the introduction i thought was going to be read had to do with the title, seeking the name man who made the battle of gettysburg historic. it does not make sense when you look at it, but if you understand the context, that is a quote of a young soldier assigned here in the summer of 17. a fellow by the name of private joseph stone. assigned to the 59th united states infantry regiment. he was quite literate, but he was really excited to be training on the same field where robert e lee had ordered pickett's charge. that is what that quote comes from. it is not going to appear in my talk now, but that is what he is talking about. seeking to master the art that made the name "gettysburg" historic. first slide, please. on an unseasonably cold, yet pleasant summer day on august 1954, grading world war i tank corps veterans were joined by younger comrades from world war ii and the korean war, along with approximately 3000 onlookers, to dedicate a pine tree and bronze plaque

i tell people this at gettysburg a lot. them, if you go to other civil war sites, don't go into a visitors center and tell them that you have been to gettysburg. don't tell a park ranger that. they do not want to hear that. that, i haverd worked at other sites and i have heard it multiple times. sometimes multiple times in the same day. thered like to say that -- obviously this is an emerging civil war conference and so forth. of subjectsethora back there from which you can choose from. what is the most important point? i can make this lecture -- pick two battles and i could put it up there. the list could go on and on. we can put chancellorsville up there, we can put spotsylvania, i was driving down here and the lady who talks to me on the phone, that tells me where to go from time to time. she is having me drive past grant headquarters in 1864. this is really cool, she must really know what i like. [laughter] -- whatd really argue is the turning point? is very big turning point? there arenize that other subjects and there

why is gettysburg overshadowing it, though? i would like to leave you with one last, rhetorical question. and as far as the gettysburg and vicksburg debate right here. let's look at the question -- i actually just wrote this down in my own handwriting while i was back there eating lunch with ms. kate. i said to myself, what if we looked at this completely different? why don't we quit looking at it from the lenses of victories for the union, and why don't we look at it through the lens -- and this gets kind of hypothetical, but nevertheless -- what would have happened if those union forces would have been defeated? what would be the repercussions from that? and if you look at that question, gettysburg versus vicksburg, in a reverse form, if you will, then possibly you will be coming up with a better idea of why it was important that both union armies won in the first place. i have to say, and i know everybody is waiting on me to pronounce which one was more important with baited breath >> -- breath. i have to say, in the immedia

gettysburg. we have on-site re-enactors, as well as programs for the visitors here this weekend, talking about world war i and camp colt. this is the 100th anniversary of camp colt. the tank training program for the united states army was commanded by captain eisenhower. this was his first command. it's an all-weekend program, and we're going to have several speakers talking about world war i, as well as speaking on camp colt. the first speaker today is paul shevchuk. he is a retired national park historian and museum curator. he spent 35 years here at the gettysburg historic national park and eisenhower site. -- eisenhower national site. during his career, he authored six monographs on cavalry engagements during the battle of gettysburg, as well as for "gettysburg magazine," and wrote an introduction to "company k" the first pennsylvania reserves, which was published by thomas publications. for many years, he was a volunteer at the eisenhower national historic site, as well as on the board at sh

it took years for them to survive as well as gettysburg. the camp at gettysburg was not erased from the land same until -- landscape until the early 1920's, so it still remained intact for several years after the war was over. thank you, ladies and gentlemen. [applause] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] the next 90 minutes, we'll explore the history of the northern arizona city. coming up, hear about the role preparing nasan astronauts for lunar mission and familye hear about a that contributed to the city's

i have been to 29 gettysburg anniversaries. soon i will be at 1/5 of the gettysburg anniversaries. i'm not at least 100 people that have shaken hands with civil war veterans. i think i can help serve to drag the past forward so this is all one sentence. thanks for coming out. [applause] >> i think we have time for a few questions. do they just yell out the questions? here comes the might. c. you comes the mi he said he heard something about a stampede of cattle during the battle. during the battle for devil's den the commander of all the hunt, hellery, henry j went up there help took place smith's guns and he was able to tell smith where to place them. by then the battle had started. shelves landed inside and struck piece of horned out the otheraked cattle and forth. he said he is the commander of all the -- he supervised the largest bombardment ever heard in american history before since or certainly at gettysburg. their stampeding back and forth and he said that was the most dangerous situation at gettysburg. he said he got to his horse demoralized that it was cattle that have do

bert, no it isr not about gettysburg. you had brought up the confederate act of being significant time. ask, would you consider inthe flip soy not the union 1960 -- 1863 but the homesteaders act which, if i got -- unionrs correct citizens take advantage of that. number,of that large you take a huge fighting force from the union army. even if you say 10% are of fighting age, that is an entire union army that the federal government allowed to slip through their fingers and not be committed to the war effort. >> that is a good point. i had not considered that. when i look at something like the homestead act, and the transcontinental railroad, which is moving forward. things are that as going on but normal. the united states thinks it is going to win this war and other things are progressing the way they would have progressed. it is looking forward to a vision of the future that the war will be over and we will continue to grow and expand and fill the country. point, youer a good have a significant population that is going to

paige: is it gettysburg? [laughter] >> i'll be a broken record but i agree with what they're saying up here about a really big momentum shift. i think it gets back to what you said earlier, bert, which you -- when you talked this afternoon. there's no turning back. when i take about the 1864 campaigns in plural, an evolution, one after the other. the overland campaign then the james river, cross it ask then he 10-month siege of petersburg. the armies out west along the river. when he talks about no turning back, he's talking about the union armies in the field. so i think 1864, the beginning grant's assertion of jeven in chief and taking over is really the turning point in regards to, we're going to lose some battles and might lose some campaigns but no matter what, we're not turning back. and, that's the time of bert's book, by the way, too. [laughter] >> i thought i gave my answer away earlier when i talked about secession winter. that's it for me. we've gone from diplomacy to killing each other. that's the

. >> the wheatfield was a parcel on the farm at gettysburg. next, christopher white discusses the confusion in the wheatfield, describing it as a turning point in the battle. the heritage center posted this one hour talk. >> our next presenter is mr. kristopher white. he has a master of arts in military history. he is a graduate of california university of pennsylvania with a bachelors of arts in history. he serves as the education manager of the american battlefield trust and some of his past experience includes five years as a staff military historian at fredericksburg and spotsylvania. he has been a historian for the recreation board and a continuing educator of allegheny county near pittsburgh. he is one of the cofounders of this book series, emerging civil --, as well as turningc is gettysburg point, the wheatfield. [applause] thanks forwhite: sticking around tonight. i see garry drove everyone away. i actually worked for him. he is a lot of fun to work with. what you see here is what you get in the office. this is gary in my office plane

gettysburg,back to gettysburg obviously change the momentum and causes tremendous casualties that lee can't replace. it's a confidence builder for the union army. we will see george meade stamm place and maybe that's not necessarily the best thing. some stability is. the union common soldier is going to get confidence coming out of this victory on home soil. all of those things come out of gettysburg as well. i'm from alabama. i agree with you on the vicksburg, but on a scale. if you have new orleans on that scale, you still feel like the expert is going to outweigh it? good point. new orleans is the largest city in the confederacy. it is captured very early in the war. it is captured fairly easily. it is going to stay in union hands for the whole war. that is a tremendous blow to the confederacy. i'm still going to stick with vicksburg. i think the loss of 30,000 combat veterans is something that you can't do without. new orleans didn't have a large garrison. fall, theburg's entire river is now in union hands. the confederates can still operate a little bit. essentially the river is

and he delivered that speech, the gettysburg address. by he was excoriated the fake news. they had fake news then. he was excoriated. they said it was a terrible, terrible speech. they said it was far too short. many of us know it by memory. and it wastoo short, far too flowery, too flowery, fourscore and seven years ago, right, too flowery. then he died. 50 years after his death, they said it may have been the greatest speech ever made in

history tv, we travel to the eisenhower national historic site in gettysburg, pennsylvania to learn about the first camp established during world war i to train soldiers to use tanks. camp colt was dwight d. eisenhower's first command. paul chevshuk is former national park service ranger and historian. he shows camp photos and describes how dwight eisenhower's time there shaped his military career. this program is 50 minutes. dennis: welcome, everyone, to the great war camp colt weekend at eisenhower national historic site in gettysburg. we have on-site re-enactors, as well as programs for the visitors here this weekend, talking about world war i and camp colt. this is the 100th anniversary of camp colt. the tank training program for the united states army was commanded by captain eisenhower. this was his first command. it's an all-weekend program, and

faster than if he goes to the gettysburg campaign route. that is his goal. he wants to get army out in the open. he wants to fight the army and beat it. that's where he will get the political consequences of that victory. makes his decision. why does he invade maryland? it is the best move politically for the confederates. it is a risk militarily. as lee will tell the confederate secretary of war during the time before the gettysburg campaign when he was very concerned about what was going on at vicksburg, and wanted to move part of lee's army out there. lee reminded him all decisions in war intel risk, you just have to calculate the risk. feelsculated the risk, he the best option is to march into maryland. the armies that will confront each other in maryland are very different in certain ways. the army of northern virginia begins to campaign much stronger than almost any confederate writer will leverage knowledge to you. 70-7rmy is probably about -- 70,000-75,000 men. it is extremely poorly supplied, particular the troops in the second manassas campaign. re

reasonend, is this the gettysburg is so big in the american psyche. goneif abraham lincoln had to vicksburg. instead. the full program airs at 6 p.m. eastern tonight. on our weekly series, the civil war. that is here on c-span3. featuring american history every weekend. sunday night, former obama administration secretary barney duncan on his book. he is interviewed former chancellor of the district of columbia public school. the connection between what politicians do and what happens in school. how do each other line more clearly? when he voters to understand if you want to pay our teachers better, make college more affordable. we have to get there by challenging officials we put in office. watch afterwards on c-span two book tv. war, kenn the civil masterson talks about general george meade commanded the army of the potomac during the gettysburg campaign. he examines the decision-making in the early part of the campaign leading into the start of the battle. this talk was part of the summer conference hosted by the gettysburg college civil war institu

loomslores why gettysburg larger in historical memory such as battles like vicksburg. this talk was hosted as a symposium by the civil war blog. introduce my to good friend matt atkinson. he has an undergrad degree from the university of mississippi. and a masters degree from the university of louisiana monroe.

think burt did a great job so i have no problem with gettysburg being 11, nine, eight. all have our own opinions on these things. of this, we y part will talk about the antietam and a theorist once war is politics by other means. you might say extreme means. maryland campaign of 1862 or antietam campaign you could of the ick any campaign war but this one in particular politics, not h just on one side, on both sides. what i intend to do is talk t this campaign and about five topics associated with the campaignment for me to campaign ishe whole a seminar, not a talk. emancipation bout in the maryland campaign. invade maryland? the armies of the campaign. understanding the strengths and weaknesses can help you better campaign how this evolves the way it does and turns out the way it does. and special orders number 191. lost orders, mous robert e. lee's orders that are and mcclellan is given the orders. why did lee offer battle at sharpsbu sharpsburg. the war and slavery. the myths from the civil is that emancipation played of 1862 ntil september when lincoln issued the pre

peter carmichael's director of the civil war institute at gettysburg college. next, he talks about his researchnext, he talks about his research into "common soldiers" during the civil war, discussing their experiences and motivations for fighting. this hour-long talk was part of the annual summer conference hosted by the gettysburg college civil war institute. great honor and pleasure to introduce peter carmichael, who many of you know already. the civildirector of war institute and the robert c. fluhrer professor of civil war studies. he is the author of many books. he has lectured widely on topics intaining to the civil war public history and has been featured in several documentaries. teacheronducted several workshops and assisted with the development of the student internship program at several national parks sites. will provide ae sneak peek into his most recent ofk, a cultural history civil war studies called "the war for the common soldier." that book is forthcoming from the university of north carolina press this year in october. welcome, peter. [appla

my previous book was on gettysburg. withf you familiar gettysburg nose picking and knows it was preceded by a massive compartment of the confederate position. -- familiar with gettysburg pickett's charge was preceded by a massive compartment of the confederate position. ultimately, you are going to have to pull together what you've got, look at it as objectively as you can, apply common sense, and best guess. so, some guesses are going to be right. some guesses are going to be wrong. there's going to be more books on all of the subjects because other people will have other reasons to make other best guesses. will we ever really know? now we get ank of what the picture conflicting pieces of the story are and how they might together and that is what i think historians are riding now -- are writing now, the good ones are trying to do. >> you talked about sherman's leadership. any good organization, it is the staff among him -- in your research did you find anything about the junior officers or senior staff and were junior

historian marks snell talks about his book "gettysburg's other battle. the ordeal of an american shrine during the first world war. the battlefield was used as a world war i training camp in 1917 and 1918, named camp colt. its commander was a young dwight d. eisenhower. mr. snell describes the impact on the battlefield and the community. this is about an hour and 20 minutes. >> we are at the eisenhower national historic site on camp colt weekend. we are here to commemorate world war i as well as the 100th anniversary of camp colt, which was commanded by colonel eisenhower, here in gettysburg, pennsylvania. our next speaker is mark snell. he retired from the u.s. army in 1993 and has had several assignments as well as careers after that. he taught history at the united states military academy at west point, and he was a lecturer at the royal academy at sandhurst, in the u.k. he was also a professor of

the eisenhower national historic site in gettysburg, pennsylvania hosted this event. >> good afternoon and welcome to the eisenhower national historic site. this weekend is an opportunity for the public to learn about camp coal, which was a camp training program here at gettysburg national park. as well as world war i reenactors here at the eisenhower farm. next up is edward lengel, a professor in history . he received his phd from the university of virginia where he directed the washington papers project for many years. he served for the white house historical association until recently and he has written several books on both george washington and world war i. his latest book will be never in finer company: the men of the great war's lost battalion, which is published in september 2018. he writes regularly for military quarterly, american history, and other history periodicals. he has appeared on national public radio, fox news, history channel and other media outlets. he also appears on the world war i centennial commission's weekly podcast. ed, i want to introduce you and have you

far from this very place, president abraham lincoln delivered the gettysburg address.erring to the bravery of the soldiers in the battle of gettysburg, president lincoln stated, "the world will little note or long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here." those very same words could be said here at flight 93 national memorial. when the passengers and crewmembers of flight 93 learned that other planes had been used to strike the world trade center buildings, then the pentagon, they voted to take action. refusing to let their airplane be used to inflict more damage upon this nation. . in the process, they sacrificed their own lives to save many. visitors who come to this memorial not only learn of the brave actions of those on board, but are inspired by them. although they are missed by so many, they will never be forgotten. at this time, i would like to introduce pennsylvania governor tom wolfe. he was sworn in as the 42nd -- governor of the great 47th commonwealth of pennsylvania on january 20, 2015. following in the footsteps of pennsylva

he went up to gettysburg. and he delivered that speech, the gettysburg address.as excoriated by the fake news. they had fake news. he was excoriated. they said it was a terrible, terrible speech. they said it was far too short. it's not long. many of us know it by memory. >> seth: no. [ laughter ] you do not know the gettysburg address by memory. i doubt you know your own address by memory. [ laughter ] [ cheers and applause ] "it's three large pizzas. it's a white house. [ laughter ] it's just a big white house." [ laughter ] so now trump's white house is engaged in aggressive attempt to hunt down and expose the leakers in his government who think he's out of his mind. and they've reportedly considered some extreme measures. >> advisors to the president are considering all their options including the idea of a lie detector test. >> seth: you want trump staffers to take lie detector tests? that thing is going to freak out as soon as you get it inside the building. [ light laughter ] bringing a lie detector test inside this white house is like bringing a geiger co

.>> how have you specifically done that at a place like gettysburg for a place that is so well- known for the treatment but there is more meaning.>> we look at individual stories of the soldiers that fought there. letters and diaries that they may have written. those who lived on the actual battlefield. people forget that these were communities and for me -- farming sites with people living there. we would delve into their lineage of the families that lived on the battle site. we would look for oral history for the historical accounts of the townspeople that lived in gettysburg at the time and what they were experiencing at the time. there was a whole list and it is not always about the bullets into cannons but the people who hid in the sellers in order to escape the bullets and cannons. how did they eat? what were their clothing like? how did they live? >> as the research continues and the uncovering of history continues to happen, how much pushback do you get from some of the folks who have been at the sites for decades when you come and talk about different stories to tell and diff

. >> how have you done that specifically in a place like gettysburg, that is so well known for troop movements but also there is more meaning there? we look at the individual stories of the soldiers who font there. letters -- thoughts -- fought there. letters, thoughts. people forget that these were towns and communities with people living there. lineage ofto their the families that lived on a bowel site -- battle site. we would look for history, accounts of townspeople that lived in gettysburg at the time and what they were experiencing at the time. so that it is a holistic story, not necessarily all about ,ullets and canyons -- canons but how they escaped the bullets. what did they eat? how did they live in the midst of war? continues andarch the uncovering of history continues to happen, how much pushback you get from rangers and people who have been at these sites for decades when you come to them and talk about different stories to tell and different history that has been uncovered? ms. lowe: there are those who immediately embrace it. traditions,ency of and if someone has been

this man from the first minnesota survived the july 2 assault at gettysburg. this is earlier in the war. this is right after first manassas. we want a man of greater flexibility of character, a man of rock and ready energy knows to adapt himself to the circumstances and men in all conditions of life. to adapt himself to circumstances that is at the very core of a spontaneous co-pragmatism. i it was pragmatism that enabled these men to work with the withoutctory elements following a flexible course of orion determined by identity some other class interest were ready or ideology. to illustrate pragmatism and action i will give you three soldiers who ined a crisis of loyalty each instance these men had to make a determination whether to stay in the ranks or to desert. what you will see is that their sense of duty, loyalty was open ended. it was fluid and fluctuating. first-person, charles bolin. he is from utica theyork. in 1861 he joined 12th u.s. regulars. he saw battle that the tested his union cause was the battle of fredericksburg. he survived the initial at

we would look for history, accounts of townspeople that lived in gettysburg at the time and what they were experiencing at the time. so that it is a holistic story, not necessarily all about bullets and canyons -- canons, but how they escaped the bullets. what did they eat? how did they live in the midst of war? as the research continues and the uncovering of history continues to happen, how much pushback you get from rangers and people who have been at these sites for decades when you come to them and talk about different stories to tell and different history that has been uncovered? there are those who immediately embrace it. we are an agency of traditions, and if someone has been there for 25 years and they have certainly gained an expertise in their area of military history emma or women's history, -- military history, or women's history, sometimes there can be a little nudge to have them look at it in a different perspective. so we do the research and engage them in the process of looking at the research and designing the new talking point and programs. and sometimes there is not

we would look for oral histories or historical accounts of townspeople that lived in gettysburg at the time and what they were experiencing at the time. so that there is a holistic story. it is not always about the bullets and the canons. it is about the people who hid in their sellers to escape those bullets and canons, as well as how did they eat? what was their clothing like? how did they live in the midst of war? as we are thinking about this war. >> as the research continues and the uncovering of history continues to happen, how much pushback do you get from rangers and some of these folks who have been at these sites for decades when you come to them and talk about different stories to tell and different history that has been uncovered? turkiya: well, there are those who immediately embrace it. agencysaid, we are an of traditions, and if someone has been there for 25 years and they have certainly gained an expertise on their area of military history, or women's topics, or some other sometimes they can be a little nudged to look at a different perspective. that is when we engage t

we are at the eisenhower national historic site at gettysburg, pennsylvania. we have a complete program of world war i reenactors and soldiers, reenactment programs , as well as speakers. our next speaker is will englund. will is a veteran moscow correspondent for "the baltimore sun" and "the washington post." he is a winner of the pulitzer prize for investigative reporting as well. currently, he is a foreign desk editor at "the washington post." he will be taking leave this fall to teach at princeton. he lives in baltimore with his wife, who is also a journalist. while in moscow, he became interested in the year 1917, the year the united states entered the war and the year the russians left the war. and he wrote about the 1917 year and how it changed the world as well as how it changed world war i. he is going to talk about woodrow wilson and how he was going to make the world safe for democracy by leading the united states into world war i. will, i will turn it over to you and you can tell us all about it. >> thank you. thank you all for coming. [applause] >

. > next scott hartwig former supervisory historian at gettysburg national military park talks aboutead up to 1862 battle of preliminary emancipation proclamation after the battle. symposium by the the emerging civil war blog. what an introduction for an introduction. first i will say that i do serve executive director for civil war trails and it is an honor beca

. >> next on the civil war, scott hardwick, the former supervisory had saurian at gettysburg national military park talks about the lead up to the september 1862 battle of antietam, and abraham lincoln announcing that emancipation proclamation after the battle. this talk was part of a symposium posted by an emerging civil war blog. scott: what an introduction for an introduction. first off, i do serve as the executive director for civil war trails, and i get to work for all of you. it is absolutely true. the program grows at the grassroots level. it is individuals like you who may have an idea and want a spot marked to the world, you come to us.

. >> devils den is a section of the gettysburg battlefield dominated by large boulders that experienced infantry and artillery during the second day of battle. the evolution of the site from battlefield to tourist attraction. centertysburg heritage hosted this one-hour talk. >> without further introduction i'm going to bring up our next speaker. delman has his own fan club. how many of you have never heard of them before? [laughter] >> gary, i like to tell people, is kind of the rockstar of civil war history. if you did not know, gary is the michigan state university graduate. shippensburg university of pennsylvania graduate. award-winning author and co-author and editor of 20 plus civil war and related books and 40 related articles.

and he delivered that speech, the gettysburg address. excoriated the fake news. they had fake news then. he was excoriated. they said it was a terrible, terrible speech. they said it was far too short. many of us know it by memory. and it wastoo short, far too flowery, too flowery, fourscore and seven years ago, right, too flowery. then he died. 50 years after his death, they said it may have been the greatest speech ever made in america. [applause] pretty good. pretty good. i have a feeling that's going to happen with us. in different ways, that's going to happen with us. for years you watched as your leaders apologized to other countries for america, they apologized. we are so sorry, so sorry, so sorry, and now you have a president who is standing up for our country. [applause] standing up. look at the size of that guy. man. look at this guy. do i like him? wow. [applause] we are not going to mess with him tonight, i tell you. thank you, man. that's cool. that's really great. thank you, very much. we are standing up for your values. we

president abraham lincoln delivered the gettysburg address. referring to the bravery of soldiers in the battle of " thesburg, he stated world will little note or long , butber what we say here it can never forget what they did here." those same words could be said here at flight 93 national memorial. when the passengers and crew learned other planes had been used to strike the world trade center and pentagon, they voted to take action. refusing to let their airplane be used to inflict more damage on this nation. process, they sacrificed their own lives to save many. visitors who come to this memorial, not only learned of the actions of those on board, but are inspired i them. missed, they are will never be forgotten. time, i would like to introduce pennsylvania governor tom wolfe. he was sworn in as the 42nd governor of the great commonwealth of pennsylvania on january 20, 2015. oflowing in the footsteps governors during and after the events of september 11, he has been a supporter of this memorial. ladies and gentlemen, please welcome, gov. t

it came out in the gettysburg campaign when his calvary, which had been a key source of information, left him in an information dirt for a period of time. he assumed that he was not hearing anything so there was nothing to report. when a spy comes to him and says i think the union army is closer to you than you think it is. lee was surprised, but he had to depend on james along street, a paid spy, to inform him. elite was a clearinghouse in his head. he got information, newspapers, reports. he basically did the intelligence work in his head. he was a one-man intelligence staff. he was really good at it. he was in mexico doing reconnaissance missions. he knew how to do this. in the end, he did not have a clue, really, about the union army at the end of the war. it stymied him a lot, trying to figure out who was where and what was where. lee was the best they had. no kind of organization like the bmi. >> yes, sir. >> you mentioned the pinkerton's earlier. how large a role did they play in getting information during this time? >> the question was allan pinkerton. he wrote a book about t

he spoke at the eisenhower national historic site in gettysburg pennsylvania. this is 40 minutes. >> welcome, everyone, we are at the eisenhower national historic site in gettysburg, pennsylvania. it is great war camp cole weekend. we're having a complete program of programs as well as speakers here. our next speaker is will englund. he's a veteran correspondent for the baltimore sun and the washington post. he's a winner of the pulitzer prize for investigative reporting as well and presently he is a foreign desk editor at the washington post. he will be taking leave this fall to teach at princeton journalism. he lives in baltimore with his wife who is also a journalist. well in moscow he became interested in the year 1917 the year that the united states entered the war and the russians left the war. he wrote about the 1917 year and how it changed the world as well as how it changed world war i. he's going to talk about woodrow wilson and how he was going to make the world safe for democracy by leading the united states into world war i. i'll turn it over to yo

he knew the charge and he was so moved he verbatim to the gettysburg address. then the last sunday we were close on agreement but not near and he said i've had it no more comprises. i've a plane waiting for me. he said get me out of here. he called it a luscious concentration camp. carter, knowing this would blow up the middle east in his own presidency, knowing what vacant lot which was his grandchildren got eight photographs of himse himself, sadat personally autographed and walk them over to his cabin and handed them to him and saw tears well up in his eyes as he read each of his grandchildren seems to put his bags down and said i'll make one last try. the rest is history. >> they got the agreement and came down to the white house -- [applause] but it time for carter to go back to the middle east -- >> everyone thanks the end was camp david. david was the framework. was in a binding treaty. it was three months to finish it with six months they still had so carter took another risk. this was unanimously opposed. he went back to the region to try to put this b

college. >> member of the history department here at gettysburg college, i'm also the director of the civil war institute. it is my pleasure this afternoon to enter his elizabeth barron, the associate director of the -- for civil war history. also the -- of american history. all the university of virginia. thankfully, she is not a hockey buff. she said go cap's. what has happened to the american sports team. i never thought a civil war conference people would be jawing about hockey. she opposed in number of books including, we mean to be counted, white women and the politics in virginia. published by the university of north carolina. that's 98. this union which is one of my favorite overviews of the political press of the 1850's -- this union is published by the university . and victory and freedom at the end of the civil war. published by oxford, it is an outstanding book. it is a way to look at appomattox beyond the surrender proceedings looking at visual culture, appomattox how i resided in american memories. it is outstanding. and, today. publishing the true story of elizabeth van

like the gettysburg address, even lincoln's gettysburg address was castigated which wasn't true. >> he was telling the people, do you remember he was a republican. he is one of us. and it is wonderful to have heroes and i wish all my guys can come back and talk to him. so many lessons they can teach him. even president obama and his relationship, you can learn from the people who went before. why not look back on them and get advice from them rather than you feel like you have to best them. although sometimes they get in there and think about the history books and that is crazy. you have to do the best job you can and let history take care of itself. >> all of them want to do something. >> that is the transference, instead of just getting power from myself, you begin to feel the fulfillment. the civil rights bill, he didn't want to stop there. he wanted medication reform, housing reform. that is what you should be going into politics for, when you have that, it is the best. >> and instead, you can't help but realize and feel sad that those great steps that johnson took, civil rights an

history at harrisburg community college, at the gettysburg campus. the great war was the single most destructive war that europe had seen since the 30 years war. that was during the 16th century. context,put that into it was just a disaster. you cannot look at it any other way. and to mark the end of that disaster and understand why it took place, and to celebrate its paramount.bsolutely because if we don't remember what took place, you will repeat it. you know, i realize it may sound cliche, but it is the reason we study history. we study history to understand what took place, where, and why so that we do not have to go through it all over again. and if there is one thing that , justmistice teaches us as the outbreak of the war teaches us, be careful what you ask for, because you might yet it.- you might get the armistice that was accepted on the 11th hour of the 11th month of the 11th day -- the piece that resulted from that -- ace that resulted from that was what led directly to the conflict that led to world war ii. ande take that as a lesson loo