this is lincoln at gettysburg. lincolnwn photograph of giving the gettysburg address. bit going to read a little about this because i want to get it exactly right. in a 1963 biopic of david bachrach, life magazine lincoln beings recorded in this wet plate photograph that david bachrach helped take. lincoln is not recognizable. david bachrach's biography captioned the photograph, gettysburg battlefield dedication ceremony, but stepped back and tepidly declared, possibly including abraham lincoln, 1863. this photograph, long believed to have pictured the audience awaiting his address, was taken by david bachrach at gettysburg. but it was made six years later at a similar commemorative ceremony. proof of this fact is in an 1863, horses and buggies were not allowed on the cemetery grounds. that was in the book of a famous lincoln photograph collector. he did not believe it was at the dedication ceremony, but he believed it was gettysburg a few years later. the reason he thought that was because there were all those wagons. christie's1999, auction to the david bachrach fami

this is what it looks like at gettysburg, the actual photograph of lincoln at gettysburg. this is another copy of the photograph at antietam. what do you see in the background? folks that have been to antietam a lot, what do you recognize in the distance? south mountain. that would have to be culp's hill in the background if this were gettysburg, and it is not. culp's hill is nowhere near that high. so this is the temporary wooden markers at antietam. you can see down there, they put those markers in five years after the battle. you have to understand, at gettysburg, they buried the dead that november. abraham lincoln came out, dedicated the national cemetery, and got them buried pretty much right away. at antietam, we were still at war for a few years until the end of the civil war, so they did not have a chance to bury the union dead at antietam until five years after the battle. they did not bury the confederate dead for 10 years after the battle. think about that. one day there were 3500 dead, another 3500 that would die within two weeks. that is 7000 dead all over the

let's go back to gettysburg, 1996. there was a visitor at gettysburg military park that was walking along what was then called the unfinished railroad. if you look -- now there are railroad tracks. of july,e first day 1863. her rent is fighting took place in the location where this was on the side of the unfinished railroad bed. there were some in the morning. wounded confederates and killed in the area and 800 union soldiers. in the afternoon there were about 1300 more individuals that were killed. this individual had a very quickly and he was just put in a little natural crevice down to the bedrock on the edge of that unfinished railroad. over time he started eroding out . you have a visitor who so if our bones. they called it to the attention of the park service. that led into an excavation. they were working along the slope along the erosion line. with that as we begin to analyze that, this was recovered and from that you notice the cranium. it is quite crushed, broken up. that is something we spent a lot of time i

[laughter] did you know that barbie was a nurse a gettysburg? although given her physical personality,erky and fondness for accessories, i'm guessing that barbie did not serve on the staff. she is still waiting for the barbie dream ambulance. those understood all of jokes, clearly this morning over for you either. [laughter] here to share with us how new deal era americans reshaped the legacy of abraham lincoln, please welcome nina silver. [applause] >> thank you. barbie met lincoln in that book. at least there was a picture. thank you for that kind introduction. i am honored to be here in this setting. i have never been on the stage at ford's theater before. to johnply grateful white and the lincoln institute for the kind invitation to be here. i can tell you a little bit more about me. i am a scholar who studies the history of the american civil war. use andtudy how we sometimes heavily we misuse the history of the civil war. i am interested in how people have appropriated the war. have a reinterpreted it over time area often they do that in a

prize last year and should have won the lincoln prize at the lincoln and soldiers foundation at gettysburg college. i think it was considered too short, and therefore was not eligible, which i think was unfortunate. is book last year was clearly the best book on lincoln that had been published. before i go into the announced , i would like to bring you up-to-date on the latest on lincoln scholarship on a specific subject, the authorship of the bixby letter. one of the most beloved of lincoln's documents is a letter of condolence that was sent to a dow named lydia bixby in boston of 1864. it was signed by lincoln. it is widely admired. people say that the three pillars upon which lincoln's literary reputation rests are the gettysburg address, the second inaugural address, and the letter to the widow bixby. it is a very beautiful letter. it goes like this. shown inm, i have been the files of the war department that you were the mother of five sons who have died gloriously on the field of battle. weak and fruitless must be any words of mine that should attempt to beguile you from the grief so

he is actually the main speaker that day at gettysburg on november 9, 1863. he gives the main speech when they are dedicating the cemetery. he gave a talk for two hours and did not speak from two notes and put the battle of gettysburg in the great battles of world history. after he finished his talk and linchingon came up and read from two sheets of paper. and everett said a little more, you said more in two minutes than i was able to say in two hours. would you write it out. this is what linchingon sent him. everett made a scrape scrap book and on the final pages, he pasted in these two pages of the gettysburg address. that scrapbook was available for purchase and school kids in illinois during world war ii, they saved their pennies and nickles and were able to purchase that scrap book containing the gettysburg address and donated that crapbook to the illinois state historical library. i love this piece written by abraham linchingon, how can you get it better than that but has an illinois connection. that is our dual mission. and the entirety of illinois his

long after food and supply shortages plagued their nation, long after gettysburg. for example, confederates reasonably hoped the democratic party might advance before ending negotiations which could result in confederate independence. of a public and lots would have spelled the doom of emancipation in the united states which was near military measure and not law in 1864. indeed, in 1864 the presidential election provides us with an example of how battlefield events profoundly shaped politics. lincoln himself was convinced by the bloody stalemates in virginia and georgia in the summer of 64 he would not be reelected and wrote a blind memorandum to that effect on august 23, 1864 stating, this morning as for some days past it seems exceedingly probable that this administration will not be reelected. the president then sealed the memo and had his cabinet sign in. and yet, just as he brought despair so did william t sherman's win in atlanta in september and sheridan's victory in october turning the tide of public opinion. lincoln credited his generals accomplishments wi

i was in philadelphia in potts town, gettysburg, verone, erie and redding, if you charted those cities on the map you would go from the furthest corner southeastern part of our state to the most northwestern corner of the state in erie. in communities below erie and to the northeast as well. so literally every corner of the state. and across those communities we hear a lot of the same challenges, a lot of similar stories. for example, one single mom in philadelphia told us recently the following, quote, and i think this is emably metric of what is happening in a lot of communities. quote, i struggle every day to make ends meet. i'm not eligible for public assistance, i juggle my bills to make ends meet. i have to become very creative in making sure that i pay my mortgage, utilities and child care. then she goes on from there to say, then i decide if i can fai for anything in addition to that such as health care, food, necessities for my child and my home. i knew i would not be able to afford child care. luckily i have support of loved ones in my life whom support me when i fall are sho

what arrangements have been made on the use of gettysburg national park? >> no arrangements have been made because of the assessment that we will not need a tent city in gettysburg. if there is radio activity you don't want them to go there. narrator: these meetings, which began the day the bubble was discovered, continued for several days. the crisis couldn't have come at a worse time. the president, through energy james schl/injure -- inger, was lovely and to -- was to increase our reliance on nuclear energy. an evacuation would be a disastrous blow. but with so many lives at stake, priorities were temporarily in a reprieve. while the white house was coping with the logistics of a possible evacuation, the governor of pennsylvania was facing an equally menacing problem. rumors were everywhere. and there was a good chance people might panic. >> you could see in the people's faces that you talked to, and the fact that the streets were barren. it really was a situation i have never experienced before, which people were fleeing literally, the city. >> about 2

remember, this was put up by the town of gettysburg. just going to ask, i understand native american totems have spiritual and religious significance. if one of those is on federal property, does it have to be torn down? >> i would say no. we need some expert testimony to talk about what that means. spiritual and religious significance for native americans? similar to a star of david or cross. >> there was a case that dealt with an ancient aztec symbol. violated it did not the establishing cause because nobody would think that the government was erecting, it was to commemorate mexican culture would actually be trying to endorse the aztec religion. i think context would matter. >> so, if the local government in the community were native american, whether it is on the reservation or a native village in alaska, that would make a difference? >> i think you would have to understand more about the symbolism and what it means. if there is a dual secular meaning with such as with the 10 commandments, in context, it is intended for the secular -

raged, the nation was undergoing a torturous near-death experience personified by the many dead of gettysburg. what possible good could result from this horrific slaughter? at the end of the war, lincoln asserted, the nation must have a new birth of freedom, newly dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. lakin was comparing the nations of the natural death lincoln was comparing the nations of the natural, plants grow and flowers and their fruit in the summer my -- in the summer months. could have that experience, then the worst death and destruction -- then the war's death and instruction -- lincoln had remained spiritually connected to the natural environments of his youth. perhaps his presidential lifestyle had enabled him to do so. during his first four years as president, lincoln spent about 25 percent of his time away from the executive mansion at a , formerly a house farmhouse and a home for wounded war of 1812 veterans, located on a tree shaded hill three miles from the white house. at the time of the civil war, the natural environment surrounding the white house wa

gather inspiration for his new senate term and there listened as a child, read the words of the gettysburg address, and a man of color listened as well, tears streaming down his cheek. that's a little bit of frank capricorn, i guess. chipped in by adding henry fonda's silhouette fading memoriale lincoln fades into the strains of the battle hymn of the republic. here is another extraordinary event. naacp's meeting, june 29 -- 1947, excuse me, the speaker is harry truman, and again, the catalyst, second from the right in the front row, her head turned, is eleanor roosevelt, who had urged harry truman to make this pilgrimage and to speak. he had just read the story of the brutal beating and blinding of world war ii veteran isaac woodard, the subject of a new book, as some of you may have seen recently. it inspired this one time, at the least, casual racist from missouri. his letters are filled with expressions of racism. to rethink himself and rethink american policy, ultimately, to desegregate the military but to speak here about freedom and equality for all. again, animated by this memorial

aftertured shortly gettysburg, ends up in andersonville prison and he is confederatee overseers of the camp with taking a register of all the thehs that take place at camp. ultimately, he is going to be theing this list for confederates and he is told by overseers of the camps that that list ultimately conflict wouldhe be turned over to union authorities. he didn't trust them. so he keeps another list that he will ultimately take with him when he leaves andersonville. he ends up in annapolis, maryland, in camp parole. barton.connected with in fact, that list is going to forly be the inspiration why barton goes to andersonville in august of 1865. they get connected, witharton gets connected the andersonville story and ultimately that list will provide the almost 13,000 names that barton will then be able to inform the families. but another point on that, when i said that barton went out on a tour, dorrance atwater came with her. her openingter was act. dorance atwater talked about the experience at andersonville prison, what it was like, the conditions there, and ultimately was looking

was, a symbol, i guess, of the reunification of the states facing virginia, with the words of the gettysburg address and the second inaugural carved inside, but not the words of what lincoln said was his greatest act, the emancipation. just some further technical ingenuity by french, who gets enormous credit for conceiving the sculpture and then unfortunately did not live to see its transfiguration, but he did know that, at night, it was not visible. primitive electric lighting -- he very cleverly got g.e. to do a free study, and they rehearsed and reconfigured the lighting so that it glowed in the dark as it did in the day. but it was still the white man's marble white tribute to abraham lincoln. and that did not change for another 17 years. not until easter sunday, 1939. a few weeks before, marian anderson had been barred from the daughters of the american revolution where she had contracted to give a concert. eleanor roosevelt intervened and urged the interior department to stage her concert at the lincoln memorial. and there, on a drizzly easter sunday, 25,000 people gathered to hear her

they were dedicating this veterans cemetery at gettysburg and they invited the man they considered the great oratory of the era. he new latin and the great romans and he gave a two hour speech to hail the dedication of the cemetery and gettysburg. and then somebody else got up and talked for two minutes and he is the one we remember. so he wrote to lincoln after this if i could have captured in my two hours how perfectly you captured things in two minutes, i would've done a good job. the unionists choose bell and everett and both in their mid- to-late 60s and i hope you don't think i'm making fun of age, but life expectancy back then, they are much older and today people in their mid-to- late 70s are talking about running for president. back then you did not hear that. and the platform was the union as it is in the constitution as it is, which i think we can think of as the don't talk about it platform. if we don't talk about the problem, it will go away. by the way, to tell you the rest of the course, it did not go away. we don't have to continue because we know how it turns out. but

serving through gettysburg and to acaptured and sent down prison down in georgia. i guess the question is -- you didn't bring it up here in this speech, but how does that intertwine with your knowledge of atwater, the one who recorded all the lists for the confederates and took that list, thought he was getting smart when it belonged to him and he winds up in prison in new york state, dishonorable discharge. for a good part of her life she had to restore his credibility, and she did it successfully. i think of said enough, but i just want to -- jake: no, thank you, thank you, , but fora great point the nature of time here in getting the full scope of her life and the missing soldier's there are fascinating figures that come into and out of her life in doran's atwater is probably one of the most interesting. captured shortly after gettysburg, ends up in the andersonville prison, tasked by the confederate overseers of the camp with taking a register of all the apps that take place at the camp. ultimately he is going to be keeping this list for the confederates and he

how about the irish monument in gettysburg? it was put up in 1888. of 3000 monuments in gettysburg park. it presents itself as almost an object in a museum. a museum context can always negate the government -- it seems that that context that government is more like a curator of a museum that it is putting it up. this was put up by the town of bladensburg. ask, is going to understand native american totems have spiritual and religious experience. if one of those is on federal property, doesn't have to be torn down? >> i would say no, your honor. we would need some expert testimony to talk about what that needs. significanceritual for native americans, similar to religious symbols like the star of david on the cross. >> it is difficult. i know the ninth circuit had a case that dealt with an aztec symbol and they concluded it debt not -- they did not violate the establishment clause. commemorate mexican culture. i think context would matter. >> if the local government and the committee were native american or a native village in alaska, that would make

we went up to gettysburg in number of times and reenacted pickett's charge. i was blessed to grow up in a place so rich in history. when you combine that with my informsots in history, who i am as a public servant. >> what did your parents do for a living? rep. roy: my mom and dad met in austin, texas. irs.d worked for the he did a lot of information technology development in the 1980's and 1990's. he worked here and then ended up retiring back to texas. >> did he influence your conservative roots? rep. roy: my family is all generally conservative. mostly from the standpoint of that texas can-do spirit. my grandmother lost my grandfather and was raising my dad with polio -- he had to figure out how to walk and deal with all these consequences of having had polio and never ask for anything. -- asked for anything. my mom sacrifices -- that's the american way. it's the way of texas. the opportunity you have to succeed and excel by your own work, your own work ethic. our lives are a lot better if you get government out of the r way. >> what were you doing in your

it's one of i think something like 3,000 monuments within gettysburg park. it presents itself as almost an object in a museum. it's not to say that museum context can negate. but it seems that government is more like a curator of a museum than putting it up. this was put up by the town. >> may i ask about this cross? >> i was just going to ask, i understand native american totems have spiritual and religious significance. if one of those is on a -- on federal property, does it have to be torn down? >> i would say no. i would think we need some sort of expert testimony to talk about what that means. >> it has spiritual and religious significance for native americans similar tosymb david, a cross. >> it's difficult. the ninth circuit had a case. they concluded it didn't violate the establishment clause because no one would think the government that was i think christian in that community was erecting -- it was to commemorate mexican culture, would try to endorse the aztec religion. i think that -- >> if the local government in the community were native america

people came here for hershey and the gettysburg battlefield. a whiff of losing all of that.his was a place he wanted to go to. gettysburg.caster, after the accident we became a pariah. hershey is interesting because hershey was -- stopped buying milk. they froze it. is about nine days. they froze it and used it again. that was one of the push backs you got. tourism went down. people did not want to come to the area. you still have hershey bars, hershey chocolate. they did not use the milk. they froze it and use it later. it's a legitimate issue. being born and raised there, i love living here, so i feel fortunate to live so close to hershey and lancaster and gettysburg. i encourage people to come here. there's a certain amount of dark tourism. people like to snap pictures. but if i can put a plug-in i still think hershey chocolate is the superior product. host: go to bonnie and lancaster, pennsylvania. good morning. caller: good morning. what do you want to know? brother -- my father was clutching his coin collection. i thought he was going to pass out. i lost two classmates

we went up to gettysburg and number of times. that was part of my ap history class. i grew up in a place rich in history where you truly understand our founding principles that is made this country so great. when you combine that with my texas recent history and what's so great about being a texan, it forms to i am as a public servant. >> what did your parents do for a living? >> my mom and dad met in austin texas. my dad worked for the irs. he was in auditing and data processing. he ended up retiring back to texas. >> did he influence your conservative roots question mark >> my family is all generally conservative. mostly from the standpoint of that texas can-do spirit. as i describe my family and my grandmother and her influence on my life being a single mom in figuring out how to make it work and how she lost my grandfather and was raising my dad with polio -- despiteorked hard having the ravages of polio. he had to figure out how to walk and deal with the consequences. he never asked for anything, never looked for anybody to help them. sacrifices and that's why i

people came here for hershey and the gettysburg battlefield. a whiff of losing all of that. this was a place he wanted to go to. gettysburg.caster, after the accident we became a pariah. hershey is interesting because hershey was -- stopped buying milk. they froze it. is about nine days. they froze it and used it again. that was one of the push backs you got. tourism went down. people did not want to come to the area. you still have hershey bars, hershey chocolate. they did not use the milk. they froze it and use it later. it's a legitimate issue. being born and raised there, i love living here, so i feel fortunate to live so close to hershey and lancaster and gettysburg. i encourage people to come here. there's a certain amount of dark tourism. people like to snap pictures. but if i can put a plug-in i still think hershey chocolate is the superior product. host: go to bonnie and lancaster, pennsylvania. good morning. caller: good morning. what do you want to know? brother -- my father was clutching his coin collection. i thought he was going to pass out. i lost two classmat

yes, long after gettysburg.onfederates reasonably hoped a republican incumbent abraham lincoln lost the 1864 presidential election, the piece wing of the party might advance or any negotiations which could result in confederate independence. a republican loss would have spelled the doom of emancipation in the united states which was a mere military measure in all law in 1864. indeed, in the 1864 presidential --ction, this event proved provides us with an example of how battlefield events profoundly shaped politics. wasoln himself convinced by the stalemates in the summer of 1864 that he would not be reelected and wrote of life memorandum -- a blind memorandum to that effect stating "this morning, as for seven days past, it seems exceedingly probable that this administration will not be reelected. the president then sealed the memo and had his cabinet sign it. yet, just as the summer campaigns brought lincoln despair, so did william sherman's win in atlanta and sheridan victory in october turned the tide of publi

>> stephen: it's toward the end. ( laughter ) it's toward the end of the gettysburg address. >> jon:h. >> stephen: trump also tried to explain away his 2016 live, on-camera plea for russia to hack hillary's emails. he was just kidding. >> if you tell a joke, if you're sarcastic, if you say something like, "russia please if you can get us hillary clinton's e-mails. please. russia. please. please get us the emails. please!" ( cheers and applause ) >> stephen: i thought i had a bad trump impression. ( laughter ) you don't sound like you at all. ( cheers and applause ) >> jon: never sounded like that. >> stephen: what is this? what is this? sir, you got to get the hands. he explained his joke was just too hip for the room. >> so everybody's having a good time, i'm laughing, we're all having fun. and then that fake cnn and others say, "he asked russia to go get the emails. horrible." >> stephen: you weren't joking ( laughter ) you were even asked about it. >> do you have any qualms about asking a foreign government, russia, china, anybody, to interfere, to hack into a system of anybody's

but after going viral, people started renaming it "babe-raham lincoln," "the gettysburg undress," andgood names. but judges would also have accepted "the great e-manscaper," and of course the "rail-splitter." we'll be right back with kit harington. ♪ ♪ ( applause ) and mateo and kevin got dressed to meet someone special. and millions of others americans got dressed for their own personal reasons. stitch fix. personal styling for everybody. [indistinct conversation] [friend] i've never seen that before. ♪ ♪ i have... ♪ seaonly abreva cany to help sget rid of it in... ...as little as 2 1/2 days when used at the first sign. abreva starts to work immediately to block the virus and protect healthy cells. abreva acts on it. so you can too. ( band playing ) ( cheers and applause ) >> stephen: hey! ladies and gentlemen, my first guest tonight is the emmy-nominated actor you know as jon snow on "game of thrones." please welcome, kit harington! ♪ ♪ ( applause ) ( cheers and applause ) >> stephen: thanks for being here. i want you to know, i want you to know, in case you do not have the referenc

and there it was, a symbol, i reunification of virginia, withng the words of the gettysburg address andhe second inaugural not the words ut of what lincoln said was his act, the emancipation. ust some further technical ingenuity by trench who gets enormous credit for conceiving the sculpture. unfortunately he did not live to transfiguration but he did know at night it was not visible. got g.e. to do a free study and they rehearsed lighting soured the that it glowed in the dark as it did in the day. it was still the white man's marble white tribute to abraham lincoln. that did not change for another 17 years. easter sunday, 1939. weeks before, marian anderson had been barred from the daughters of the american had ution where she contracted to give a concert. eleanor roosevelt intervened and burned the interior department her concert. and urged. and on easter sunday 25,000 gathered to hear her sing country tis" of thee and a few other selections. immediately the lincoln memorial was transformed into a drop for national aspiration. that same year, and we shouldn't film lightly, of james st

but after going viral, people started renaming it "babe-raham lincoln," "the gettysburg undress," andgood names, but judges would also have accepted "the great e- manscaper," and of course the "rail-splitter." ( laughter ) we'll be right back with kit harington. ♪ ♪ ( cheers and applause ) ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ that there's a lobster i in our hot tub?t. lobster: oh, you guys. there's a jet! oh...i needed this. no, i can't believe how easy it was to save hundreds of dollars on our car insurance with geico. we could have been doing this a long time ago. so, you guys staying at the hotel? yeah, we just got married. oh ho-ho! congratulations! thank you. yeah, i'm afraid of commitment... and being boiled alive. oh, shoot. believe it. geico could save you 15% or more on car insurance. that guy's the worst. for adults with moderately syto severely activeou? crohn's disease, stelara® works differently. studies showed relief and remission, with dosing every 8 weeks. stelara® may lower your ability to fight infections and may increase your risk of infections and cancer. some serious infections require ho

eisenhower drove over from gettysburg, where he had retired. they meet at camp david. wonderful political pictures from this. two men walking up the path to the cabin. eisenhower walks him through. he said did you have a meeting? able to do the pros and cons? kennedy said no. he had run it in a disorganized way so the stakeholders were able to spin him without being fact check and counterbalanced by the other voices in the room. eisenhower said you can't do that. 1962, kennedy is shown photographic evidence of the deployment of nuclear weapons in cuba. 90 miles away from florida. of an exchange of nuclear weapons in the fall of 1962 range between 70 million americans.lion my view is that it would have been hard to have a hemispheric exchange and not have it escalate immediately into an intercontinental one. the whole order of life could be gone. he remembered what ike had told him. i know there are many people here who believe they have been part of the world's longest committee meeting, but in fact the longest committee meeting i know of was the executive committee of

gettsbu gettysburg, visibilities are down.pa for the most, above freezing. cooler in gaithersburg, which is where the fog is starting to settle. itl warm for the weekend. good news there. great news for it, daylight saving time begs over the weekend. i have 60 degree temperatures to go with it. we'll talk about that in a bi >>> following breaking news in prince george's county. a crash shut down i-95 north in bel beltsville before powder mill road. you're taking a live look at the scene. trafs backed up in that area. the crash happened a few hours d ago, authorities tell us four cars were involved in this crash. so far, it is not clear what caused the crash. news 4 has been in contact with state troopers for updates on the road and any possible injuries in those cars. wow. >> devastatingmagesere. >> absolutely. >>> happening today, across the district, roads are shutting down as we speak for the rock and roll marathon. runnersill cross through three of the four d.c. quadrants. you'll want to payttention to e road closures. >> this is when andap comes in hand

wasn't a fan of ccain." [ audience oohs ]in and i i speak for all of us when i say, move over, gettysburg[ laughter ] [ applause ] genetic -- yeah. genetic testing company 23 & me can now tell customers if they are at a risk of developing type two diabetes. "so can we," said seamless. [ laughter ] a man in australia reportedly returned to his car overhe weekend to find a koala bear sitting in his back seat. even weirder, when he got in, the bear said, "just drive." [ laughter ] [ applause ] "just drive."ve do koalas ustralian -- "just drive." [ laughter ] so far, 15 democrats have announced they're running for president, but this week a lot of people are talkinabout one candidate in particular -- pete buttigieg. you may know not a lot about him. so to help you out, it's time for a segment -- "getting to know pete buttigieg." ♪ [ cheers and applause ] >> seth: he served two terms as of south bend, indiana. he's openly gay. he's 37 years old, but still gets carded. [ laughter ] he's white, but he's othe good ones. [ laughter ] he spent seven months in afghanistan and three months es ng that

but, he knew he needed to learn how to do this, so eisenhower drew drove over from gettysburg where he and maybe had retired, they would meet at camp david, wonderful little pictures from this, the two men walking up the path to aspen, to the cabin there, and eisenhower walks him through, says did you have a meeting, did everyone involved, were you able to do the pros and cons with everyone there, and kennedy said no, he had run it in a disorganized way, to the stakeholders, were able to spend him without being fact checked and counterbalanced by the other voices in the room, and eisenhower said you cannot do that, cut october 1962, kennedy is found photographic evidence of the deployment of the defense of nuclear weapons into cuba, about 15 minutes, 90 miles away from florida, estimates of a hemispheric exchange, in the fall of 62, arranged between 70 and hundred million americans, my own view is that it would've been very hard to have a hemispheric exchange, and then not have it escalate immediately into an intercontinental one, and the whole, border of life would be gone. he remembe

he was in gettysburg. we never -- he never got employed overseas. kind of amazing if you think about that. harry truman is very important, we will talk about that, as how he carries forward president wilson's legacy. and in crafting a new piece after the world war after the treaty of versailles. he is our only world war i who serves. contrast that to world war ii. we just lost george h.w. bush, we only have one president -- world war i president left which is jimmy carter and -- jimmy carter. every president was a world war ii president. much longer -- larger world war ii looms over world war i, right? important, truman was a reader of history. he loved history. and he studied the outcome of this war and realized, we have to take a different tack after the war was over and come up with a different way to create peace, rather than cementing revenge with our enemies and having to fight a war against them one more time. was the outcome of the first work at we had to rolla heavily upon our allies to give us all of our munitions and our heavy equipment d

. >> it's one of 3,000 monuments in gettysburg part. it's not to say that museum context can also negate the government, but it seems in that context the government is more like a curator of a museum than it is putting it up. it was put up by the town -- >> may i ask about this cross -- >> i was going to ask, i understand native american totems have spiritual and religious significance. if one of those is on a -- on federal property, does it have to be torn down? >> i would say no, but i think we need some expert testimony. >> it has spiritual and religious significance for native americans, similar to religious symbols, star of david, a cross. >> it's difficult. i know that the ninth circuit that had a case that dealt with an as tech symbol and they concluded i didn't violate the clause. it was to commemorate mexican culture. it would be trying to endorse the religious. i think context would matter. i think that -- >> if the local government in the community were native american, whether it's on the reservation or a native village in l

how about the irish brigade money went in gettysburg put up in 1888? ms. miller: i think it is one of 3000 monuments in presentsg park and it itself most as an object in a museum. not to say that the museum context against the government, but it is in that context, the government is more like a curator of a museum. this was put up by the town. justice: let me ask about this cross. i was just going to ask, i understand native american totem have spiritual and religious significances. if one of those is on federal property, does it have to be torn down? ms. miller: i would say no. but i think we did some sort of expert testimony to talk about what that means. justice: but it has significance for native americans, similar to religious symbols such as the star of david or the cross. ms. miller: i know the ninth circuit had a case that dealt with a aztec symbol and had concluded that i did not violate the establishment clause because nobody would reasonably think that the government was erecting in this dominantly christian community, would actually be trying t

including the breath-taking poignanty of his rarps at gettysburg in november 1863. months later in april 19 1864, lincoln revealed his prose in a letter to a kentucky newspaper editor when he declared if slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong. let me conclude in the same pert. let us declare here today if demanding the right to exist while denying it to your neighbor is wrong, nothing is wrong. if driving people from their land and demolishing their homes is not wrong, nothing is wrong. if asserting absolute authority over an historic city, rightful home to people of all faiths is not wrong, nothing is wrong. if slaughtering children for throwing stones at their oppressors is not wrong, nothing is wrong. if terror and deprivation that are being inflicted every day upon the imprisoned people of gaza is not wrong, nothing is wrong. if supplying $125 billion to finance a regime that commits such crimes against humanity is not wrong, nothing is wrong. if converting the congress of the united states into a lab dog for israeli policies is not wrong, nothing is wrong. let

19 of 1863, the 16th president of the united states of america standing near the battlefield at gettysburg proclaimed that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth. that's what our bill h.r. 1 is all about. government of the people, by the people, for the people. madam chair, you cannot have government of the people, by the people, for the people without the precious right to vote. the right to vote is something that people have fought for in this country. dr. king marched for it. john lewis went to jail for it. the honorable john lewis, member of this house. people died for the right to vote. h.r. 1 is about protecting the right to vote. his amendment is one that will help us to inculcate new, young people into the voting process. he amendment simply allows those who are in high school to receive voter registration information while they are in school of the school campus. does not,-n-o-t, does not change the laws related to registration and qualifications to vote. it merely allows the principal at a school to go to the young people and provi

people came here for hershey and the gettysburg battlefield.were within a whip of losing all of that. this was a place you wanted to go to. after the accident we became a pariah. this was a place you wanted to avoid. hershey is interesting because -- they froze their chocolate for about 90 days and then used it again. that was one of the pushback she got after the accident was that tourism went down. you still have hershey park, you still have hershey chocolate. they did purchase milk and froze it and used it later. being born and raised here, i love living here. i feel fortunate to live so close to hershey and encourage people to come here and i know to a certain degree, there is a certain amount of dark tourism of people who want to snap pictures of tmi. i still think hershey chocolate is a superior product. host: we will go to a caller in the lancaster area. caller: all i can november is -- father was clutching his coin collection. i thought he was going to pass out. i lost two classmates and they theythat they believe that lived in bainbrid