gettysburg is different. the enrollees are african-american but gettysburg is going to sign off on a test case that not only are the enrole lees african-american but so is the supervisor. so instead of being under the control of a white supervisor, gettysburg is going to see a black superintendent. his name is frederick slade and he arrives here in 1936. until 1942 hundreds of african-americans toil on the gettysburg battlefield doing stuff like this. you all have probably used this particular facility before. i know i have. you recognize it? that is the comfort station bathroom by the pennsylvania memorial. so they're building modern infrastructure. when you go out route 30 out by the first aid's field, that bathroom there, that's built in the 1930s. that's what the ccc workers are doing. they're upkeeping monuments. they're protecting or upgrading or building roads. they're doing a lot of the modern infrastructure. here they are painting the lafayette fence. remember the one that was first in washington, d.

including gettysburg. the national park service is not a new agency, just 1916 it's been established, said three years ago, national park service commemorated its centennial , the national park service has been in existence since 1916 but they have not managed to historic sites . >> now, the park service comes in and manages historic sites including gettysburg and they get control of over 2000 acres of gettysburg at this time. unlike today, the national park service does not have a uniform management philosophy, so much of our parkway gettysburg was managed, depended on the local superintendent. the man on the left is the first national park service superintendent, his name is james mcconaughey. james mcconaughey is a harvard graduate, he has a degree in landscape architecture, so, when mcconaughey comes to gettysburg, his management philosophy is to manage the park , preserve the battlefield as a beautiful landscape, so if you could read through the gettysburg time newspaper in the 1930s, the park is enco

gettysburg is different. the roan eelees are african-american, but roosevelt is going to sign off in making gettysburg a test case that not only are the enrollees afthe gettysburg battlefield, doing stuff like this. you all probably use this particular facility before, i bet, right? i know i have. you recognize it? that is the comfort station bathroom by the pennsylvania memorial.'re beautifying monume upkeeping monuments. they're protecting or building or upgrading roads. they're doing a lot of the modern infrastructure. here they are in the soldiers national cemetery painting the lafayette fence. remember the one that was first in washington, d.c., the lafayette fence, lafayette field has moved to the hill, and then it's going to be placed in between the soldiers national cemetery and the evergreen cemetery. here they are upgrading it. the you can drop your what ens great depression, not the new deal, but the second world war. when i was reading through the 1940's, this period of the park, i was wondering h

, in various books on gettysburg. and i was frequently seeing the same thing. and at the same time, i was also reading many of the primary source documentation that i mentioned in my speech, and i was not quite seeing the same thing. i was not seeing many historians' interpretations being validated in the primary source record. eventually -- this is a iv or project. aroundble to finally get to taking on the project, and that is how i got into it. after the war, did longstreet try to defend himself in a significant way? cory: he did. at first, he tried to ignore it. first he tried to ignore it. through the early part of the 1870's, i would say. but i think it got to the point where he could ignore it no longer, by the mid-1870's and 1880's, and so forth. he wrote multiple accounts in the postwar years. several newspaper articles. ,nd obviously his 1985 memoirs "from manassas to appomattox," in which he tried to defend his actions there. one of the interesting things i think to take away and to sort much manybout is how

and gettysburg is the great test. but shiloh is in loss of innocence and the thing about shiloh church you have to know is it was formed by a separate methodist congregation after the 1844 skichl. it starts in 1851 they left a church named union to form this little pro slavery church. then that church is in the middle of every aspect of the battle. ability sydney johnson's body is there. they use it as a hospital and morgue and it's the headquarters of both armies. and then destroyed. mostly to take relics people traveling to shiloh battlefield that they want a piece of it. and so the church was all but destroyed into tooth picks. they rebuilt it. it's a good sack simile and erected intown 2001. my favorite part of this was working with will and asking him this is what's in my head. and i want this church to be prays where you don't know if everybody is left or everybody about to come in sup up or sundown. you light is coming in the window because the sun is setting or not. it would look like a place of possibility wh

about gettysburg. all of you think you know everything there is to know about gettysburg, except we don't. one of the things we struggle with here at the park a lot these days is to try to find ways to tell the story, and i'm sure ed has found the same issue with the museum. how to tell the story to a broader audience so that everybody feels that the gettysburg story is part of theirs. it came down to two soldiers. they would have taken me over to coppsville. the one is a private with a name you probably would not expect to hear here at gettysburg, an ttoo lopez, missing in action, presumed killed after the end of the battle here. you're talking about underrepresented here at gettysburg, trying to take the story to include hispanic is kind of important, an important direction to go. and you don't have to stretch or try too hard. all you have to do is do what we do best. i didn't quite finish up my story about the importance of research. all of us up here and a lot of you out there are here because we l

, i started doing stuff right that gettysburg i built my retirement home here in gettysburg and it would be easy for me to pick my backyard is the favorite place and go from right there but he gave me one requirement and i couldn't pick gettysburg but this presents a new challenge, if not my backyard, where? so steve alluded earlier to what got us started care what is the foundational moment since we were allowed to pick not just a place connected with the civil war itself and the civil war memory that was just the/of inspiration, how many of you in the audience of from the pittsburgh area? >> so, some of you have been to a place called the soldiers and sailors memorial hall in the oakland section of pittsburgh, carnegie mellon, busy area with lots of traffic. the easiest way to describe it as baseball. my grandmother was a pittsburgh pirates fan in the bus that would take us from pirate gains, the bus stop was in front of soldiers memorial hall and that was it. you are standing there waiting for the bus and you're looking up at this large lawn and there are a couple of large cannons on

for the -- i at love gettysburg. but i don't know how people can call it nearly as important as vicksburg. in the mien meantime, the war is happening in a thousand other places. brownsville, texas. union bay in san francisco at alcatraz. they're all over the place in 45 minutes, you can't cover them all. in the meantime, technology is taking massive leaps. all sorts of naval advancements. ew balloons happening on the washington, d.c. mall, we call it today. audience the union army becomes the most powerful in the world. the ship on the right is covered in smoke from having just fired. i believe that's the u.s.s. inalside firing in september of 1863 and by that time some black units has been railingsed. called the united states color troops or the famous 54th massachusetts here storming fort wagner and in these early actions suddenly americans can see that black troops can do the same things that white troops in forget that they did the same during the american revolution. troops 00 african joined the union army. in t

it's also the place of the gettysburg address. telle come here, unlikeit's noo you about 1863 more than you already know. let me start with abraham lincoln. addresshas anyone ever aged asn five years? abraham lincoln gets up and one of the things he does is he is sitting there. and he starts talking about southhampton county. he asks his audience and new yorkers what induced the southhampton direction 28 years many as threeas times as many lives were lost. back to 1831, not 1832, the year gettysburg college was founded. it's not lincoln who is president, it is jackson. that guy. economics. i want to set this economically. when we look at the civil war, many more historians know railr. 18:30 -- 1830. here is a map of railroad construction in the united states by decade. 18:30 there is nothing. there are three dots. there are two dots in pennsylvania. shows how advanced pennsylvania is. there are no railroads. we want to remember there is a good deal more isolation. thewhat they do have a sense is coming as cotton revolution. there

you look at gettysburg, iconic sites, amazing site. america's greatest, high water mark of the confederacy, turning point of the civil war. it's down about a quarter of what it was in the 1970s. these are very surprising statistics and when a colleague brought them to our attention, we decided to do a photo essay to also kind of meditate on what it is that has decreased our interest in these historic sites. and what i came back with from talking to people and from looking at some of the numbers is that the sort of cold war era american story that tale of great events and visiting the scenes where the homes and the meeting places of great figures in american history, people have lost interest in it. it's no longer relevant and credible to people in the same way. and in the 1980s, 1970s, people saw american freedom as being undersea or in the cold war. today ac many of the threats to the united states freedoms came from within. it's a different kind of story so these have suffered a lot in visitor ship. >> as a kid who grow up in the 198

in volume two i did have gettysburg, ft. wagner, the fighting of the valley in 1864, the burning of chambersburg, the election of 1864, the campaign, appomattox. i had terrific eyewitnesses in all those places. but did i have equally strong evidence when the soldiers went home? would i have good stuff for emancipation? the battles over reconstruction of the north and south? i was amazed that i did. again, this is just good luck. it turned out the post-war years are just as dramatic and interesting as the war years. it also turns out historians are argumenting about that. yes! so there are things for me to get into the conversation about. i came to believe if you stop your story of the civil war with appomattox, you don't understand the war. if you don't see the consequences of it, you don't know what the war was about. i don't think you understand it if you start at manassas. you've got to be able to see how it was imbedded in the larger story. the end of slavery and the course of reconstruction was not a straightforward res

member of the history department at gettysburg college. i'm also the director of the civil war institute. it is my pleasure this morning to introduce to you patrick green who's an associate professor in history and classics at providence college. i should note he's also the father of one of our high school scholarship recipients from last year, correct? she came here and enjoyed herself i'm sure. patrick is the author of "the land shall be deluged in blood, a new history of nat turner's revolt" published by oxford university press. it is a book that i assigned to my undergraduates this spring. and as we all know undergraduates, they're tough customers when it comes to books. they absolutely enjoy mr. green's scholarship and especially his writing. it is a bold book, it is an important book and one of the things that patrick and i talked about it is just -- it's just a shame. that one can go to southampton county today, where turner's revolt took place. you'll see some state signage, but you have no way of taking a driving tour to see the s

you can be inspired half mile away where lincoln delivered the gettysburg address. it's a little more complicated, kind of message. it does not require an allegiance to the confederacy or hatred to the confederacy and some constant shunning kind of way. it requires a kind of understanding of what came out of the civil war, the new birth of freedom that lincoln proclaimed. host: good morning. caller: yes, i agree that it is educational and we are not teaching the children at school our history, but the problem really is that it is a false history. the narrative spun from the beginning is false. we that we are older now and see history is getting more inclusive, how can we not be pessimistic about the direction of this country? you know? it is not inclusive, and that is all i have to say. guest: i think that is true. i think people feel, in light of current understanding and a more inclusive society, that the message delivered in the cold war, that tale of heroism was too simple a stick. it wasn't fully true. what we need to do is find a version of it that looks at wh

not 1832 where gettysburg college was founded, 1831. it's not lincoln who's president, it's jackson. that guy. economics, i want to set this economically. when we look at the civil war many historians know a lot more than civil war -- actually you guys know more about civil war than i do. one of the things when we look at the civil war we say, boy, this is one where railroads matter. oh, it's a modern war, we've got railroads or railroad i think in 1830. there it is. 1830, exactly a year before nat turner's revolt. so we're not in the world of railroads. nat turner's world is not that world. okay, here's a map of railroad construction in the united states by decade. 1830, there's nothing. i mean there's like three dots. there's a dot there by d.c. there's a dot by south -- by charleston. there's two dots in pennsylvania, so that shows how advanced pennsylvania is. there's no railroads. there's no railroads. so that is -- we want to remember there's a good deal more isolation. now of course by 1860 -- by 1860 the nation is going to be cr

it was part of the gettysburg annual summer conference. this lasts about an hour. >> good afternoon abeveryone. i'm peter car michael director of the sil war institute at debts rk. also a member of the history department. it is my pleasure in afternoon to welcome jason phillips. jason phillips is the everly family professor of civil war studies at west virginia university. he started his academic career at the university of richmond then completed his masters at wake forest before going on to rice university where he worked with john bowles, a famous historian. jason staut at mississippi state university, before come to wvu. and he has published two books. his first die hard rebels published by the university of georgia. it is extraordinarily important book if you want to understand knows southern soldiers that some might consider to be zeal ots. he digs deep in ideology and culture and it's outstanding book. die hard rebels. one thing about jason i would say he is never comfortable in how he does history. he is always looking for somethin

of course, nat turner didn't happen in gettysburg in 1863. here i am talking at gettysburg. how do i get you guys back to 1831? well, gettysburg, as you know, is a central battle. the place of the most important battle that happened in american history. it's also the place of the gettysburg address. right? this is a place where history's happened. so people come here unlike southampton county where history happened, too, but people don't come. we don't have a woodstock for nat turner. this is great. i love this thing. civil war woodstock. this is awesome. we don't have that. well, i guess we do. it's like when me and ken greenberg get together for drinks. it's like -- it's not the same. anyway, how do i get you guys back there? not like i'm going to tell you about 1863 more than you already know. well, let me start with this. abraham lincoln. now, it's not his gettysburg address but his cooper union address in 1860. one of the most important speeches he makes. and this is when he's a candidate. that picture of him from matthew brady is taken the same day as the cooper's unio

the talk part of the gettysburg institute's conference. lasts about an hour. >> good afternoon. i'm peter car michael director of the civil institute at gettysburg and a member of the history department. it is my pleasure this afternoon to welcome jason phillips. jason phillips is the family professor, civil war studies at west virginia university. he started his academic career at the university of richmond. then completed his masters at wake forest before going on to rice university where he worked with john bowles who is retiring this year. john bowles, very important, famous southern historian. jason has taught at mississippi state university before coming to wvu. and he's published two books, his first "die hard rebels" published by the university of georgia. it is an extraordinarily important book if you want to understand those southern soldiers that some might consider to be zealots. he takes them on their terms. he digs deep into their ideology and their culture. and it is an outstanding book. "die hard rebels." one thing about jason, i would say that he's really never

you can do that at gettysburg as well as anyplace i've ever taken people. you can also do that in petersburg. you can point to the monument at petersburg that went up right after "glory" came out and talk about how popular culture spills over into how we view historical figures. if you take the killer angels and ken burns, and ron maxwell's translation of the killer angels cinema out, joshua chamberlain isn't what he is now. that's a perfect example of how popular culture and memory and history are combined and work off of one another, and sometimes work against one another. i'd like to talk about david ireland and juxtapose them against joshua lawrence chamberlain in the 20th main. the 137th newd, york did at least as well, and i think better at spacing an entire brigade of federalists, who climbed up and down round top in the afternoon. but david ireland didn't live forever, didn't survive the war, didn't write his memoirs, didn't become governor of maine, didn't, didn't, didn't, all the things he didn't do. i admire joshua chamberlain. he's an academic w

thanks to the gettysburg heritage center for having us. all of you for being here. pennsylvania cable tv -- cable to get c-span's booktv. this appearance on c-span's booktv. think you for all you do to promote books ever book authors. so who here has heard the one about the company who killed his wife lover across in the white house? when i came across this story i knew it was too extraordinary not to share, says working on my last book called the presidents were which is about the five former president to look live e the american civil war, and i'm reading through the letters and diaries as it abruptly focused on the great challenges facing the country 1859 as the country teeters towards the edge of civil war. all of a sudden all the want to talk or is the sickles affair. what's the sickles of there? so had to stop what i was doing, fell into a research rabbit hole that happens once in a while and i said okay, that's a pretty good story. and so sickles did indeed kill his wife's lover across the street from white house in lafayette square. the victim was no ordinar

i'm peter car michael, member of the history department at gettysburg college. i'm also the director of the civil war institute. it is my pleasure this morning to introduce to you patrick green who's an associate professor in history and classics at providence college. i should note he's also the father of one of our high school scholarship recipients from last year, correct? she came here and enjoyed herself i'm sure.

we are at gettysburg after all. the qualities as well. the army comes across the river outnumbers lee out numbers lee by about two-one. it's almost three to one. when they actually come into the conversation on the broad front they have the odds. he manages to fail. again he is there. the victory against such odds in getting the drop on is so astonishing that they begin to feel that the army cannot be defeated. and when you think you can't be defeated here even more defeated. there are several chances that they have to turn it around even after the attack. they are on the strategic and operational defenses. he's got to catch up. hit him hard. they generally take higher casualties they move more men killed just over 1700 killed on the battlefield. you can at least number the debt. today we are alarmed if we have a half-dozen casualties. but this fight a day after the attack. in the civil war and numbers can numbers can be tough to get nailed down. the second bloodiest day in american history. the casualties are brutal on both sides. lee go

history of what happened tactically and strategically and one of the six he has written his cane at gettysburg and it was really good and i look forward to reading his other books as well. frank and al, somebody who loves politics and i do, frank and how is a great book written by terry galway and is about the friendship and the rivalry between two great care to the 20th century, our smith and franklin delano roosevelt. as often happens with close political friendships, the one eclipsed the other and the one who was eclipsed didn't like it much. and never quite got over it and so even though franklin roosevelt really was a steadfast supporter of our smith, he nominated him twice to be president of the united states at the democratic convention, campaigned for him all across the country, certainly in new york state, succeeded him and was his hand-picked successor to governor of new york, to succeed our smith but once he became governor of new york smith thought he would be a puppet, smith would take it from here and he would write speeches and legislation and roosevelt was not that kind of guy.

also a member of the history department here at gettysburg college. it is a pleasure to welcome stephen berry. he is the great professor of civil war history at the university of georgia. let me say i have a few rules i live by in our field, this is one of them. anything that stephen berry writes i've got to read. he always brings to his research incredible, beautiful writing with rich insights. we like him so much. his work is so good. you want to be jealous but you can't, steve is a wonderful guy. a fantastic teacher as well. i have sent many students to work with steve over the years. and at university of georgia, he is not only a prolific scholar, he has written or edited six books. my favorite is all that makes a man, love ambition in the civil war south. that was his dissertation. done some time ago at the university of north carolina. william barney was his adviser who is still there, teaching at carolina. another book that i would highly recommend he edited, fantastic book called weirding the war, stories from the civil war's ragged edge. and

is the stewart-he is the author of more than 20 books on civil war topics and the last attack at gettysburg. most recent book is fighting for atlanta tactics, terrain and trenches published by doing so you press in 2018. this is jason phillips the eberly family professor is the author of booming civil war how americans imagine the future which is published last year by oxford university press and diehard rebels the confederate culture of invincibility published by university of georgia press in 2007. on the other side is michael wuertz associate professor at marshall university you have met him before. yesterday on a panel here is the author of two books as well bleeding kansas slavery sectionalism and civil war on the missouri kansas border published by routledge in 2016 and emotional and it sectional conflict. our focus today is on convincing you persuading you, i think that things matter to our understanding of the civil war era and i think we are asking two big picture questions that you see listed here about historical context and historical method first, we want to encourage you to as

here i am talking about gettysburg. this is the place of the gettysburg address. so people come here unlike southhampton county web history also happened but people do not come. we do not have that. i guess we do. it is like with me and can get in together for drinks. it is not the same. anyway, how do i get you back in there? it is not like i can going to tell you more than you already know about 1863. let me start with this it is not the gettysburg address but it's the cooper union address. one of the most important speeches that he makes. abraham lincoln gets up he asked what induced the southhampton insurrection 28 years ago in which at least three lives were lost at harpers ferry. the john brown insurrection is the fiasco. look at southhampton county. why did they it was not because of republicans. . one that does bear. you guys are really diving into that. we will talk about that in the next 45 minutes or so. it is not lincoln who is president. it is jackson. he was on the 20 for at least another 10 years i hear. economicshi one of the things that we look at

it's an honor to be speaking here at gettysburg as part of the anniversary celebration. [applause] >> what was your take, temporary insanity defense? >> yeah, you got the insanity defense gets poured over from the united kingdom and so it's a relatively new kind of defense where you don't know what you're doing is wrong or don't understand what it is you're doing and so it's a relatively new defense and temporary insanity was the only opening they had if you plead insanity because he's having conversations with people right before the incident and then after the incident he's having all kinds of conversations goes to the attorney general's house actually encounters a former u.s. senator there who remarks that he has forgotten to wipe the mud off his boot. if he had known sickles was packing a hot pistol that had just been used to kill the chief federal prosecutor he might have had less regard for jeremiah blacks carpets. but has a perfectly listed conversation and ask questions about pennsylvania politics and so their avenue in pleading insanity is to say is temporarily

people also came for the gettysburg battlefield. we were within a whiff of losing all of that. one of the things that occurred is this is a place you wanted to go to. lancaster, hershey, gettysburg. after the accident, we were a pariah, a place you wanted to avoid. hershey did buy milk from area farmers to make chocolate. hershey froze the milk. the half life they exposed to was eight days. they froze it for 90 and used it again. that was one of the pushbacks you got after the accident. tourism went down. we took an economic hit. people didn't want to come to this area. you still have hershey park here. you have hershey chocolate. they did purchase milk. they froze it and used it later. it is a legitimate issue. being born and raised here, i love living here, so i feel fortunate to live so close to hershey and lancaster and gettysburg, encourage people to come here. i know there is a certain degree of dark tourism. people snap up pictures of tmi. if i could put in a plug, i think hershey product is a superior product. >> we'll go to bonnie who lives in lancaster, pennsylvania.

a member of the history department at gettysburg college. also the director of the civil war institute. it is my pleasure this morning to welcome aaron sheehan-dean. aaron sheehan-dean is the -- is it fray? the fred c. fry professor of southern studies at lsu. aaron is a native of michigan, not far from lansing. he did his undergraduate work at northwestern before spending some time working in washington, d.c. as a congressional staffer and then moved on to the university of virginia where he studied under gary gallagher. published his dissertation with the university of north carolina press. the book is entitled "why confederates fought: family and nation in civil war virginia." his most recent book published by harvard entitled "the calculus of violence: how americans fought the civil war" just, again, published in 2018. aaron at lsu is a great place for him, of course, being in baton rouge and not far from new orleans, aaron is a self-proclaimed foodie so he has lots of places to select from down in new orleans, but today he will talk to

it wasn't that jackson was at gettysburg, and i want to make that clear. i do not say that. a lot of fanciful writers would make the argument that jackson had lived he would have taken cemetery or. i make the argument instead that his death inspired a beginning it makes the campaigned so profoundly different. if for nothing else just the reorganization of the confederate army. the entire character of the pennsylvania campaign will be utterly different and then you have two core commanders who have about two weeks to get used to the new position of authority before the movement north. anybody who has served understands that when you are put into a new position of higher authority, he takes time to become seasoned. these two men did not have that time nor did lee have time to counsel them. they both had served under jackson who in different command style from his boss. so in the end, so what of the death of stonewall jackson. it was seen as a great contingency.strategically at the time by the confederate people and the confederate leadership, and it also directly impacts at wh

this was part of the gettysburg college civil war institute's annual conference. it is close to an hour. >> let me introduce myself to the c-span audience, carmichael the director of the civil rights member of the history department here at this college. it is my pleasure to welcome my good friend stephen berry , the professor at the university of georgia let me just say a few roles i live by in our field, this is one of them. anything that stephen berry writes, i have to read . stephen berry always brings with his research, incredible, beautiful writing. with rich insights, i think many of us, we like him so much, that is a good thing because his work is so good that you may come to jealousy but you just can't because he's such a wonderful guy and a fantastic teacher as well. many of my students work with him over the years at the university of georgia, he's not only been a prolific scholar, he has either written or edited six books, my favorite is all that makes a man, love, ambition, in the civil war south. that was his dissertation done sometime ago at the uni

of course maybe gettysburg is the best illustration of that. there's a lot more material -- looting after july 3, 1863 than any other battle in the civil war. >> yeah, and styles local authorities would put up guards around different battlefields. i don't know if that happened here. they would put up guards to try to stop the looting, to keep people off the battlefield because many times the priority is to locate the wounded and take care of the dead. there's also during the war itself a market that develops in civil war artifacts before 1865. those artifacts show up for sale in the newspapers in the north and the south. many of them seem to be authentic, perhaps some were not. there are documented instances of people digging around in battlefields right after the shooting stops and they want to take those artifacts away to sell them for profit. >> this photograph also calls to my mind some of the accounts that you read from soldiers trying to describe what the aftermath of a battle looks like. they will enumerate everything they see, the disca

the get his birth heritage center in pennsylvania posted -- the gettysburg heritage center in pennsylvaniaosted the talk. tammy: our next speaker is cory pfarr. -- cory works in the department of defense and is in american history author. his works on john quincy adams, john quincy adams's republicanism, and obstacles that stand before us was

this is part of the gettysburg college civil war institute summer conference. it is about one hour. second let me reintroduce myself to the c-span audience, i am peter carmichael, the director of the civil war institute and also a member of the history department. it is my pleasure to welcome my good friend stephen berry. stephen berry is the gregory professor of civil war history at the university of georgia. let me just say, i have a few rules i live by in our field and this is one of them. anything that stephen berry writes i have got to read. stephen berry also always brings to his research, incredible and beautiful writing with rich insight and we like him so much because his work is so good and stephen is such a wonderful guy and is a fantastic teacher as well. and i have as well as many of my students have worked with steve over the years. at the university of georgia, he has not only a terrific scholar but has written and edited six books, my favorite is all that makes a man, love and ambition in the civil war south that was his dissertation done some time ago at the univers

being born and raised here, i love living here and i feel fortunate to live so close to gettysburg and hershey. and i know to a certain degree there is an amount of dark tourism. people like to take pictures of tmi, but i still think it is a superior product.>> we will go to bonnie from lancaster. >> good morning. all i can remember is that my brother brought my parents down to the door. they lived in elizabethtown and i thought my brother was going to pass out. i lost two classmates and they believe that they lived downwind and they died from cancer and they think it was due to tmi. and my father remembers when they used to farm three mile island. and i guess they took the barge across. my father was born in 1916, so i don't know, but he said it was a cornfield. and tmi is called three mile island because it is 3 miles from center of middletown. >> i have heard that before. and had a host of names prior to this. she raises a good issue. one of the things i would encourage people to do is go to the survivors on facebook and they discuss the experiences that they had and health effects

carmichael, the director of the civil war institute and the director of the history department here at gettysburg college. it is my pleasure to welcome my good friend stephen berry. stephen berry is the gregory professor of civil war at the university of georgia. i have a few rules, and this is one. everything stephen berry writes i've got to read. he brings incredible writing with rich insights. his work is so good that you want to succumb to the jealousy, but you can't. he is a terrific guy. at the university of georgia, he scholar,nly a prolific he has written or edited six books. my favorite is all that makes a ambition, and the civil war south,"'s dissertation at the university of north carolina. bardi was still teaching at north carolina. edited is a he fantastic book called "we're doing the war." , he iss another thing engaged in a lot of digital projects and has his graduate students working on his projects as well. my favorite of all the digital projects is titled "private voices: the corpus of american civil war letters," and many of the letters come from soldiers who were either semi-l

private voices" which gathers and digitizes letters written by the civil war, this was part of the gettysburg annual summer conference, it is close to one hour. this, let me reintroduce myself to the c-span audience, peter s. carmichael , the director of the civil institute, i'm also a member of the history department. it is my pleasure to welcome my good friend, stephen berry . stephen berry is the professor of history at the university of georgia, let me just say, i have a few rules i live by and this is one of them. anything that stephen berry writes, i've got to read. stephen berry always brings to his research incredible, beautiful writing. with rich insights, and what i think many of us like so much, and that is a good thing because his work is so good, you want to succumb to jealousy but you just can't because he is such a wonderful guy. he is a fantastic teacher as well. many of us have worked with him over the years, at the university of georgia, he is not only a terrific scholar, he has written or edited six books, my favorite is all the makes of man, love, ambition, and the civil w

and a lot of soldiers who at gettysburg and other places who saw this happening described them as ghouls and really unprincipled people. the irony is soldiers did the same thing, too. it's widely known that the confederate army was material resource limited, more so than the union army. they looted battlefields a lot, even union soldiers, however, did it quite often. it might be kind of difficult for a modern audience to understand this because we can go to walmart and buy almost anything we want to pretty cheaply, but people in those days, of course, especially if you are in the military or you are in the field hundreds of miles away from supply lines, scarcity was a way of life in some ways for them. >> right, and the southern economy is starting to break down. by the last year of the war things are pretty desperate. so if you can sell something from a battlefield for $3 or $4, you know, that might make the difference between getting enough to eat and, you know, making it through that winter. >> any other questions? okay. can you help me thank the panelists? [ applause ] so if you can

this was part of the gettysburg college civil war institute's annual summer conference. it's an hour. >> it's my pleasure this afternoon to introduce earl hess. earl is the stewart w. mccullen chair at lincoln memorial in tennessee. 20 books, a long list here. one of my favorite books of earl's. i can honestly say one of his books i read at graduate school is one of the very finest and, in fact, one of the very first books to explore soldier motivation and ideology. it is an outstanding book. he has done many others that include pickens charge, rightful musket in the civil war. his book on braxton brag as well. i'm not sure you'll love him after you read earl's book. it is a fair and very well researched and deeply analytical look at that controversial general. earl has won a number of awards, including the tom watson prize for his work on civil war tactics, something he will be speaking about today. and, i should note, that this book, fighting for atlanta published by the university of north carolina press that it, in fact, will be his topic. let me welcome earl hess. >

david beam stood on cemetery hill, he surveyed the woods and the fields surrounding gettysburg and he was at that time 26 years old, been a lawyer before the war and a veteran, a veteran of antietam, fred bricksburg and chancellorville and after all of those battles first thing that he did was write his wife. his wife's name was mahala, he liked to talked her hala. in this letter on july 5th the very first sentence he wrote declared gettysburg as this great victory that the army of the potomac had achieved. he then proceeded to describe what his regimen had done that night of july 2nd. the 14th indiana was part of a counterattack that retook cemetery hill, recaptured a union battery. it was an attack made at night and it was an attack unlike many of the other battles that he had experienced in which the casualties were extraordinarily light. he only lost two men in his company, one of those men was the color bearer, both killed instantly. he informed his wife, and i have always found this to be an interesting point in the relationship, that the regimental flag of the 14th indiana ridd

the first part of the geddes berg gettysburg civil war institute college. it's about an hour. >> good morning everyone, you may all take a seat . please. i'm peter carmichael, i'm a member of the history department here at gettysburg college and i'm also the director of the civil war institute and it's my pleasure to start off this saturday morning with amy murrell taylor. amy as an associate professor at the university of kentucky, she did her undergraduate training at duke university, her graduate training at uva and as i mentioned, she is at kentucky. she only goes to schools where there are basketball powerhouses, there used to winning national champions. being from indiana i have got a faint memory, i know amy won this year at uva because you know a guy from indianapolis. so let's not forget that. amy has just published, her book is right here, the book is entitled embattled freedom, journeys through civil war slavery vg camps. it is part of the america series. it's a pretty good year i would say. >> it's going to take a while for me to tell you all th

he surveyed the woods and the fields surrounding gettysburg. he was at that time 26 years old, been a lawyer before the war and a veteran. he was a veteran of fredericksburg. after his battles he wrote his wife. in this letter on july 5th, the first sentence he wrote, declared gettysburg as a great victory that the army had achieved. he then proceeded to describe what his regimen had done that night on july 2nd. indiana was part of a counter attack that retook cemetery hill, recaptured of the other battles that he had experienced in which the casualties were extraordinarily light. he only lost two men in his company, one of those men was the color bearer, both killed instantly. he informed his wife, and i have always found this to be an interesting point in the relationship, that the regimental flag of the 14th indiana riddled with bullet holes, he decided that he was going to send it to her for safekeeping. and it should come as no surprise that this flag was made by the women of his home county, that county is owen county, indiana. it's west

federal government and the -- thisacy, as well as discussion was part of a conference hosted by gettysburg college's civil war institute. >> welcome to the second roundtable. i teach civil war in early republic at ohio university. be asking is going to us to step up. we are going to be internationalizing this conflict, which we think is americas of mastic civil war. we are going to be speaking how does that some of the broader international developments shaped the civil war and hopefully get a sense of what it is that is going on outside the rest of the world. .his is not a new thing people have been writing diplomatic histories of the a sense for years after the conflict ended. combination of the rethinking of what 19th-century globalization is. and our current context in which americans are rethinking what it is to be part of a larger world in a post-cold war era has generated a lot of rich scholarship in the last decade or so. war situates the u.s. civil in a broader context. have threeunate to young excellent scholars who are going to help guide us through this. we look forward to our

noted that that decisive battle at gettysburg had taken place on that field on july 4. in his gettysburg address, lincoln argues that the union triumph was nothing less than a vindication of the proposition that all men are created equal. the union dead, he said, had eded the declarations challenge, bringing to this nation under god, a new birth of freedom. we survivors, he said, must finish the work the declaration had started. in lincoln's hands, the declaration becomes a living document that i think it remains ofay, a secular creed, a set goals to be realized over time. we can hear its echo in almost every call to expand freedom, equality, and civil rights in this country ever since. the declaration's promise of civil rights was a touchtone for advocates of the 13th amendment that abolished slavery, and the 14th amendment that guaranteed former slaves citizenship and equal protection. -- let'sage and ideas go back. the language and ideas fourberate through fdr's freedoms of speech about global human rights and the threat of totalitarianism in 1941. during martin luth