i tell people this at gettysburg a lot. i caution them, if you go to other civil war sites, don't go into a visitors' center and tell them that you have been to gettysburg. don't tell a park ranger that. they do not want to hear that. they have heard that, i have worked at other sites and i have heard it multiple times. sometimes multiple times in the same day. multiple times, right there. i would like to say that there -- obviously this is an emerging civil war conference and so forth. we have a plethora of subjects back there, from which you can choose from. books, etc. what is the most important point? i can make this lecture -- pick two battles and i could put it up there. i mean, the list could go on and on. we can put chancellorsville up there, we can put spotsylvania, i was driving down here and the lady who talks to me on the phone, that tells me where to go from time to time. she is having me drive past grant headquarters in 1864. i am like, this is really cool, she must really know what i like. [laughter] you coul

it's also the place of the gettysburg address. telle come here, unlikeit's noo you about 1863 more than you already know. let me start with abraham lincoln. addresshas anyone ever aged asn five years? abraham lincoln gets up and one of the things he does is he is sitting there. and he starts talking about southhampton county. he asks his audience and new yorkers what induced the southhampton direction 28 years many as threeas times as many lives were lost. back to 1831, not 1832, the year gettysburg college was founded. it's not lincoln who is president, it is jackson. that guy. economics. i want to set this economically. when we look at the civil war, many more historians know railr. 18:30 -- 1830. here is a map of railroad construction in the united states by decade. 18:30 there is nothing. there are three dots. there are two dots in pennsylvania. shows how advanced pennsylvania is. there are no railroads. we want to remember there is a good deal more isolation. thewhat they do have a sense is coming as cotton revolution. there

visiting a national treasure like gettysburg was a must. i'm embarrassed, i hadn't been there since i was a kid. i want to know what you think. go to my websit website @smerconish.com. please answer get, should confederate battlefield monuments be left in place? what are your thoughts? tweet me p. go to my website. what do we have, kathryn. from facebook, no, and i am a direct relative of many confederates, put them in a museum of the history of civil war. brooke, i think your no, you meant yes in response to the way we worded it. make sure you look at the question the way we worded it on the website. i get what you're saying, i want them down. in the context of gettysburg, i disagree, looking at robert e. lee, if there's anyplace it's appropriate, it's that place. i guess your argument is there's no place. >>> still to come, starting next month, baseball and basketball are finally coming back for covid-shortened seasons. without any fans in the stands. i want to ask bob costas if we'll watch if there's no fans in the stands. >>> plus, did

in gettysburg, it is the middle of july. you are wearing that, woolen pants and an almost useless woolen cap. the leather soles and shoes would have been uncomfortable. the soles were not sewed on. low capacity campaign. you would have seen people dropping from heatstroke. >> in your mind, is gettysburg still considered the major turning point for the you see it as being something else? >> i would say it would be the big turning point. i know some would disagree. gettysburg was a move by the confederacy to try to get a major victory and his biggest purpose would be to bring in european health to the south. a lot of the leadership were really counting on bringing in france, england to go against the united states and one of my research topics was a french nobleman who was hoping to bring france and on the side of the better see. what these european powers were looking for was to see if the south had a chance to winning. it would have been a great victory on northern soil. it might have persuaded some foreign powers to recogni

he is worked in manassas, vicksburg, and gettysburg. he will tackle the elephant in the room about gettysburg versus

the average soldier at gettysburg and the campaign overall is going to ingest about 1800 calories per day. they're not getting half of what they are supposed to be getting per day. this causes fatigue, it causes men to drop out of ranks, etc. i believe taking hundred calories today is basically what the caloric intake is of those who live currently in the congo. it's about 2000 calories. at least civil war soldiers are ingesting each day. list oflings wrote a what he received during his service, which i actually have a tattoo of a lithograph out of hard tack and coffee. >> not surprising in the least. wrote saltlings pork, fresh beef, rarely they , the occasional onion, florida, -- flour beans, desiccated vegetables. sugar, molasses, vinegar, candles, soap, pepper and salt. that is what he said he saw throughout his service in the union army during the civil war. indianar with the sixth said his comrades were "starved into walking skeletons, pale, sickly looking, so weak they could stagger as they walked." a captain of a hundred 40th pennsylvania said i have not eaten enough to keep a

gettysburg. we want to see some of the scenes and react, talk about what is accurate, what's not, how it works as entertainment. keep an eye on our channel. jake: another one i'm excited about is kyle is going to be doing some cooking for you all. so, we're trying to figure out the logistics of it, how this will work, but think civil war cooking show. kyle: you've seen my kitchen, so. jake: yes. free preview. yeah, i feel bad for emily, who is going to have to sample all of your fare that you are going to make. kyle: i think some of it is going to be good. some of it will be disgusting, but all the recipes will come from the steward hospital manual, union hospitals, and it has the recipes in there with some degree of peculiarity. this is an era where recipes are getting more specific, so is t's easy to re-create those even if the ingredients aren't going to be quite the same. i'm looking forward to trying some of these. i'm not looking forward to trying some of the others. jake: yeah, so question

in your mind, in your research, is gettysburg still considered the major turning point or do you see it as being something else, another set of circumstances? >> i would say it would be the big turning point. i know some people would disagree, but gettysburg was a desperate move by the confederacy, robert e. lee, trying to get a major victory of northern home soil. his biggest purpose for that would have been to bring in european help to the south. a lot of the people in the south, a lot of the leadership in the south we are really counting on bringing in france and england on the side of the south to go against the united states. what are my research topics was a french nobleman who right up until the very end in 1865, was hoping to bring france and on the south end of the confederacy. with these northern -- sorry, with these european powers were looking for was to see if the south had a chance of winning, or at least coming up with a negotiated truce. so that is what -- it would have been a great victory on another northern soil. it might have persuaded some foreign powers to at le

i know some people disagree, but gettysburg was a desperate move by the cop fed ra si, robert e. lee trying to get a major victory on northern home soil, and his biggest purpose for that would have been to bring in europe help to the south. a lot of people in the south, a lot of the leadership in the south were really counting on bringing in france and england on the side of the south to go against the united states. and you know, one of my research topics was a french nobleman who right up to the very end in 1865 was hoping to bring france in on the side of the confederacy. what these nowhere -- i'm sorry. what these european powers were looking for was to see if the south had a chance of winning, or at least coming up with the negotiated truce. so that's what was -- it would have been a great victory on northern soil. it might have persuaded some foreign powers to at least recognize the cop fed ra si as its own independent government. it was a little delusional, i think, or very delusional. that was the big goal. once he lost that, the war goes on. there were horrendous battles

if you go to gettysburg, you will find monuments to the dead of people like . children brought their by the parents after a long car drive from their homes, drawn in by these old symbols. enter the lessons those teach about her nations new birth of freedom. in the americans to visit these all across the country want to know why this nation fought the war against itself. why brothers could not live in under one flag together. wehe teach them there in those places, how we became a better nation through that terrible war. we teach them there to be proud that we did so. that pride in the shared struggle that unites us is now fading. the stories being erased. nation united in the cause of justice is dividing. and we are increasingly at war with ourselves. mr. president, this cannot continue. this great nation and it's good people cannot continue our fight forr freedom together if we vilify and destroy each other from within. and before we bought on this floor, on the national defense authorization act, i will offer an amendment to undo this effort at historical revi

it is the one part of the movie gettysburg that i love. talking about his service way back when. there is an old guy in your unit who is exactly like that. they had an old sergeant who was in the first gulf war. it is the same thing. it is a timeless story. talking about food and how to properly take care of yourself and the military is a timeless story. it goes back to ancient times. that is why a presentation like this is so important for your viewers and my viewers. think about the operational history, the tactics and all of that. we tend to forget about, what are these guys actually eating and how is what they do on the battlefield? i think it is an awesome subject. that is why i was so attracted to food in the field. figure out, how do they do it? >> other food related question that came to mind, i have not done any living history myself. will in the summertime was a big thing for me. i am not doing it. i will enjoy the comforts of a 21st-century life. the desiccated vegetables? >> i have not personally had it. i know really good living historians are starting to make it bef

osborne again, does general slocum bear a real ghost of gettysburg here? some of us eastern soldiers know slocum better than sherman did. i do not doubt that this delay comes more from a lack of ability and energy to cope then from any other cause. he once failed howard in a fight at gettysburg and i feel -- i fear he will do so again and will go overboard. i hope not, but we will see. what this does is delay sherman's advance of the left wing about two weeks. osborne, who was something of a gossip, but i love his diary, he will point this out. last night sherman sent word to general howard that he had heard from general slocum that he had been unable to get off from the lack of supplies. i suppose the infantry will coast tomorrow. rather a bad record just to get in position from which to commence a great campaign. of course, there are other causes being picked at with this. these are important as well. for those of you that recall the middle tennessee campaign, it rained and rained and rained throughout that from nashville towards chattanooga. a similar b

address it turns out the joke is on me here it is from 1863, the gettysburg address four score and seven years ago, our fathers, terrific people, fantastic fathers, brought forth on this continent a new nation conceived in liberty, a beautiful thing, liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal, most equal couldn't be more equal we met on the great battlefield, the great classy field and we're going to dedicate it to those who gave their lives. but in a larger sense, we're going to dedicate it to me we'll put up a sign, a big beautiful sign that says lincoln field in huge gold letters with a golf course and a cabbana. now we're engaged if a great civil war. it is very unfair how i've been treated. the newspapers have not treated lincoln nicely they were very nasty you don't see them saying those thing about creepy custer. we here resolve under god, a great god, a good friends of mine, shall have a new birth of freedom. especially when it colonels to the second amendment everyone has the freedom to fair a rifle, place a new bullet in the pouch, take out a long

which is the second day of the battle of gettysburg.eedless to say the president's attention is focused elsewhere. he was not in a situation, well with gettysburg and vicksburg and to pay enough attention to his wife. >> there is speculation that that was an attempted assassination and one part of their history that we didn't tell about is on their initial trip to washington after the election there was a documented assassination attempt at the pinkerton service saved them from on the train in baltimore. i'm asking this just to say there was a constant threat on the lives of these people. so that stress as well. >> oh, i agree. she was living with all of that. plus the confusion of war. i mean, it was a horrible time to be in the white house. i would think. >> the administration is filled, we're in the midst of a five-year 150th marking of the civil war events. and so we couldn't kacapture on one screen the vig events of the administration but here are a few of them. 1861, the civil war began of course. in 1863, they issue the emancipat

they could go to spotsylvania or in gettysburg. they don't need to be in richmond. there are a lot of wonderful places these statues could be put where they would be in .roper context just about everyone in the union army was a white supremacist. are we going to start taking their names down? leonard -- i don't know if it was in the civil war, -- but a lot of great union generals, they were all white supremacist. are we going to start stripping those names next? lincoln was accused of being a white supremacist. even though he was far ahead of timeverage person at the on the subject of the rights of afro-americans to have the same rights as them in earning wages, bread -- iwith their just think, let's keep things in context. let's have peace in this country. host: thanks, earl. we go to john in washington, d.c., a supporter of these efforts. caller: good morning. i am the national executive director of the united states adjustment and recovery act, in billbill -- a new proposed . what you are witnessing, the removal of a lot of the as well as atatues few other fixtur

the gettysburg address -- fourscore score and seven years liberty, andved in dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. there has been no other nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the freedom and equality of each other. when you walk into my conference room, there is a large portrait there of washington crossing the delaware. you have seen the picture before. you all think you know the story. and all took place christmas 1776. but to the person who painted a he was an american citizen. he had lived in america and went back to germany. did not painted until later. he was not there. there was no camera, no iphone to take it, but he wanted to inspire germany to have a revolution. he thought the best way to inspire the others was to paint a picture of the story he was told. to gets it historically incorrect. washington did not cross in a rowboat. we put 13 people in a rowboat. why would he pick 13? 13 colleagues. 13 colonies. you look at washington and think he has never lost a battle. but washington had not won one yet. i want you to do is look at who is in the boa

these are the dead from gettysburg. we visit the confederate section of the cemetery with the graves of around 2000 soldiers who died in gettysburg a battle lost by robert e. lee in 1963 it was arguably the turning point in the war. heavy casualties. around 50000 soldiers from both sides died in that battle there are a lot of people that feel that the statues need to come down when you look at these monuments just on a pure abstract be they're beautiful works of our beautiful works of art and then you've got the military brilliance of robert e. lee which is still studied by military theorists today the passion for this issue we as the sins of confederate ancestors. they're our family we revere the fact that we feel in our opinion they fought for a noble cause. to overthrow it overbearing federal government would you want anybody to talk badly about your family just the notion of family you know brings up a lot of emotions in me but at the same time if there is a member of one's family that is doing something that you do

the reason why i think lincoln would say that is simply the gettysburg address. four score and seven years our forefathers brought forth a new nation on this continent. conceived in liberty and dedicated proposition that all men are created equal. he went on to say, but if we fail government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from earth. there's been no other nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the freedom and equality of each other. when you walk into my conference room, there's a large portrait there of washington crossing the delaware. you've all seen the picture before. you all think you know the story. it all took place christmas 1776. but to the person who painted that picture, emanuel, he was an american citizen. actually had lived in america and went back to germany. he did not paint it until 1850 and 1851. he wasn't there. no camera, no iphone to take it, but what he wanted to do, inspire germany to have a revolution based upon the freedoms and liberties of america. so he thought the best way to do it, inspire of the

to read the words etched in stone, to read the gettysburg address, the inaugural. the president who signed the emancipation proclamation. the president whose leadership through that civil war, the leadership to end slavery cost him his life at the hands of an assassin. and yet, vandals defaced it. the united states park police reported that the protests on the national mall and at lafayette park across the street from the white house resulted in 51 injured u.s. park police officers. 11 of those injured officers had to go to the hospital for treatment and three had to be admitted because of their injuries. my home state of texas, we've seen riots in austin, in san antonio, in dallas and in houston, my hometown, the hometown of george floyd. in austin over the weekend, protesters tried to block a highway and destroyed multiple businesses, including a gas station, a food mart, a hotel, a target, a foot locker, and other stores and businesses. in houston, another group of protesters closed down highway 59 and rioters destroyed businesses and injured police office offic

we have folks from gettysburg that handle some of the process. that is different than normal. i'm getting some of that and i'm sure the chairman has a much higher, more mechanism and is able to rely on the data from the different folks. possible, to, best as let staff do the hard work that's been asked of them. try to leave them alone a little bit. everyone's got other issues. ase got child care issues you can imagine that monopolize my time. it's balancing life and work at time.me so i've tried to be more respectful, if i can, but these are going to that go away. there are things that we need to look at. certainly things will be from lessons learned, whenever we get more stable point. >> commissioner o'rielly, has the covid-19 crisis put more urgency into developing 5g? >> yeah. yes and no. we've already had a very aggressive interest and schedule and agenda to deploy 5g and the environment for private carriers to extend their the new and build out revolutionary, you know, what itre expecting from 5g when fully matures. so there is the -- the are there.s same thing on the fib

we have folks in gettysburg would a lot of complaints there and handle some of the complaint process. that's different than normal so i'm saying i'm getting some of that anecdotally rather than, and ensure the chairman has a much higher, more efficient mechanism and is able to rely on the data from the different folks. i've tried to, as best as possible, let staff to the hard work that's been asked of them. but then also try to leave them alone. everyone has got other issues. i got childcare issues as you can imagine that monopolize my time. it's balancing life and work at the same time. i have tried to be more respectful if i can but he's not issues that are going to go away. there are things that will need to be from lessons learned, you know, whenever we get to a more stable point. >> host: commissioner o'rielly, has the covid-19 crisis put more urgency into developing 5g? >> guest: yes and no. we've already had a very aggressive interest and schedule and agenda to deploy 5g and provide the environment for private carriers to extend their networks and build out the new revolutionar

was whatonsibility sustained lincoln throughout the war, the war, as he said in his gettysburg address that was testing whether this nation dedicated to liberty, equality, and self-government, could long endure. whenever we commemorate the civil war, we commemorate the revolution. indeed, in an important sense, northern success in the civil war was the culmination of the revolution. nation that had been so divided, or at least divided enough to defeat the greatest power in the world fall apart and engage in a long and bloody civil war? the seeds of the civil war were probably sewn when the first african slaves were brought to -- in 1619.1819 that that sensed then consequence was likely. even in 1776, when americans declared their independence from great britain, no one foresaw a war in this newly created united states. separatee, the 13 colonies were not united. that they were able to come together at all in 1776 was something of a miracle. revolution, the british colonies had little sense of connectedness with one another. most of them had closer ties with london and britain than they

wasn't educated in the traditional sense of graduate school is there reason to think he wrote that gettysburg address without being educated what was the secret him to write so eloquently? >> he had a gift of the rhythm of language maybe you're born with that but he read great books he wasn't reading horizontal books but the bible and shakespeare employed tree and said whenever he read something he really loved he wanted to read it out loud. he would take a knife and write out the words on the rail and transferred to paper and memorize them almost like vertical learning then for all of us to read these things it can hardly remember them. >> you ever office and ultimately got elected to the state legislature serving two years in congress and the competent lawyers a lot of people worked in congress did anybody say this man is destined for greatness? >> it's interesting. theodore roosevelt once wrote something about the importance of a crisis making a leader great and said if lincoln had not had a war no one would have had his name but he is wrong because all the people who have seen him from th

and then as an operational level commander at the extraordinary battle of gettysburg. what were the most important lessons he learned in the western theater? >> as you say, that is really where he learned his craft, i think. sometimes, that was by trial and error. but it was really a place of testing. he is there for the first time in command, he tells the story in the memoir. first time he is in the command of his regiment and chasing a confederate colonel and missouri and decides instead of sending scouts out he doesn't call a halt and sort of -- he is writing toward the crest of the hill where he might encounter the enemy. but he finds the enemy camp has just been deserted. he says at that, point in the memoirs, i realized then that the enemy was just as afraid of me as i was of him. and he said that was a valuable lesson, and would feel some anxiety in the future facing the enemy, but never a real fear. and i think that that was something that was important. and after that, at the tactical level, and then at four donaldson where of course, he has the famous moment

the other day times are great stretch great leaders have come forward starting with lincoln at gettysburg unfortunately we don't have that today don't trump has no empathy and you've got to have empathy at this time so we need a leader to take us forward without the bad and the sadness of what we see on the screen. there's no answer to this i don't know what to do i am so much said that obama should be called forward yeah maybe there's a good idea or maybe what about that larry. i would if i were if obama were to ask for time on all the networks now and here is a man who could lead as he obviously has that quality which trump lacks and so we're not going to see it in we're not going to see the leadership convoy washington washington blames the governors. and it's all blame kicking around is just so damn sad sam said when we see this and. i catch most americans who have to admit that they miss the former president yeah that is that is in fact president obama came out today publishing an op ed in medium about george foy's death and he also tweeted this he said he said i know the past few mo

everyone is scattered throughout washington dc region and we have some folks in gettysburg that do work there and handle complaint process there and so that is different than normal and i'm saying i'm getting some of that anecdotally rather than and i'm sure the chairman has much more efficient mechanism and able to rely on data from those different folks. i tried to as necessary let staff do the hard work that has been after them but also leave them alone a little bit because everyone has issues and i have childcare issues as you can imagine that monopolize my time so it's balancing life and work at the same time so i've tried to be more respectful if i can. these are not issues that will go away and we do need to look at things that will be from lessons learned whenever we get to a more stable point. >> host: commissioner o'reilly, hazlitt covid-19 crisis put more urgency into developing 5g? >> guest: yes and no. we have already had a very aggressive interest and a schedule and agenda to deploy 5g and provide the environment for private carriers to extend their networks and build out

surrounds vicksburg, leads siege to, it surrounds around the same time as the victory at gettysburg. and for a second time, grant is captured, and it entire confederate army of 1000 soldiers. at that point the union not only control mississippi, but it by sect in the confederacy because a lot of the resources came from the west of the mississippi, so the army was suddenly cut off from this major source of supplies. that was grant. >> when did president lincoln bring grant east to lead the army? >> in 1864 congress passes a bill reinstating the title of the general, the only other person who held that title was george w. washington. it's a wonderful story because in march of 1864 he comes to washington, although lincoln loved grant he never sat eyes on him before. grant happened to arrive on the same day that he was having a reception in the blue, room and grant goes in, lincoln warmly embraces him. there was so much pandemonium in the room because of everything going, on he was relatively short, he stands up on the sofa, perspiring profusely, grant was always a little socially awkwar

this was for the gettysburg college journal of the civil war era, volume 2, article 6, from 2011. and that is online, so you can actually pull up her article. and then, as i mentioned, mike gorman's civil war richmond has excellent newspaper accounts of the bread riots. i also drew from jb jones' diary of a confederate war clerk, and robert garlic keen, his published memoir, or diary. wow, ok, we're still getting a few messages. curious about light these riots -- why these riots -- let's see. i'm having trouble scrolling, so let's see here. alright. sorry about the pause. curious to know why the riots occurred across the confederacy in 1863, but didn't reappear after that when things got materially worse. what's up with the timing? that's a good question, and it's one i don't really feel like i've fully answered or have read a good answer for, but the confederate response was minimal. it was not enough to alleviate the problem. they only got worse. the threat of force, although could have done something to stymie them, that too doesn't seem like it's as much as you might need. so,

which is essentially what he says at gettysburg in the same state two and a half years later.i'll think those two speeches are unrelated. why lincoln who is also a very canny and practical politician who knows of the defects of democracy very well. why he has his philosophical and nearly spiritual way of talking about democracy is kind of a mystery because not everyone had that and in fact i think if you been in politics for 20 or 30 years you can go through the ritual of saying a few words about democracy at that quite as elevated as it obviously was for abraham lincoln. where that comes from i'm still wrestling to figure out. they had been wrestling with that for a long time. many of the contemporaries the feelings about what is democracy the right and the ability to different things of the people to govern themselves relevance of the system to all people on earth including people of different skin colors and religions. towards any future. and in all of those ways he was unusual. william henry seward was a fellow republican and the closest ally in the white house. they coat

as in the gettysburg address where he famously said four score and seven years eagle our fathers brought forth on this conintent a new nation conceived in lib bert and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. as a result of the civil war these ideas are enshrined in the 13, 14, and 15th amendments of the constitution. martin luther king used it in his 1963 i have a dream speech, referring to the constitution as a promissory note to all americans which he and others in the civil rights movement called upon the nation to honor. as a result of the movement, congress passed the 1964 civil rights act and 1965 voting rights act. i know it's fashionable now among our nation's elites to view america as evil from our birth. evil in our institutions and character. it was a myth untethered to the reality of our history. this myth is a false preamble to lay the groundwork for their efforts to radically reorganize our society. and have government run every detail of our lives all the while piling tax upon tax on us. isn't this type of government what caused the founders to declare

just the idea of trying to bring it back would be trying to refight gettysburg. >> let me shift to thisect you're on. squit a few groups popping up when it comes to republicans against trump in different ways. the lincoln project, you've been very involved in it. it has been very person will. ? it seems effective because the president can't help but respond to everything you've done. has this been easier than you expected? >> well, donald trump is the dog that will chase every car. as a consultant, you hate to have a client like that because he has no discipline. he takes everything very personally. he thinks it is about him and not about the country. a lot of us feel betrayed by donald trump. that everything we believed in, it's not that he's forgotten that. he is against. that character counts. now we're the character doesn't count party. strong on russia. now we're the best friends of putin party. all of this we have to reclaim. i helped elect a lot of these people. we're going to fight. there's a few things many life that we're good at. we're going to try to use those skills to affe

is it different than the battle of gettysburg? what's midway? they have no idea.r referendum -- the education system, k-12. they are ignorant and they are arrogant. a fatal combination. >> martha: an indication of our education system, you're absolutely right. i want to put this quote on the screen with regard to the emancipation proclamation in lincoln said this about the night he signed the emancipation proclamation. not in front of cameras, obviously they weren't there. just upstairs at the white house. he said, i never in my life felt more certain that i was doing right then i do in signing this paper. if my name goes into history, it will be for this act, and my whole soul is in it. i just wish that some of the people who are talking about taking down this statue would reread that quote. >> i do too appeared 600,000 americans lost their lives in the struggle to eliminate slavery. i hope their lives were not lost in vain on the union side because we have honored them all these years and suddenly, two equate abraham lincoln with robert e. lee is a crime. same t

we should learn from lincoln, who called our nation to unity at gettysburg. it is for the living, he told us, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion. that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under god shall have a new birth of freedom and that the government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth. if you visit gettysburg, you'll find monuments to the dead of free states and slave states alike, and you'll see children who are brought there by their parents after long car drives from their homes, drawn in by these old symbols and memorials to the lessons those teach about our nation's new birth of freedom. and the americans who visit these hallowed grounds all across our country want to know why this nation fought a war aga

henry benning, who led troops at antietam and gettysburg.arks in 1861 laying out slavery as the reason for secession, benning warned that abolition would lead to "black governors, black legislatures, black juries, black everything. is it to be supposed that the white race will stand for that?" in "the atlantic," retired general and former cia director david petrtraeus called bebennig "such an enthusiast t for slavey that as early as 1849 he argued for the dissolution of the union and the formation of a southern slslavocracy." meanwhile, fort hood in texas is named after the confederate general john bell hood. he wrote a letter wrote to union general william sherman in 1864, that described his conviction that "negroes" were an inferior race. he wrote -- "you came into our country with your army, avowedly for the purpose of subjugating free white men, women, and children, and not only intend to rule over them, but you make negroes your allies, and desire to place over us an inferior race, which we have raised from barbarism to its present posi

a great book that when the lincoln prize here at gettysburg on lincoln and his admiral's. i have to say, this book that just came out, world war ii at sea, a global history, absolutely superb, published by oxford. please get a copy. some of us are interested in world war ii history as much as we are in a civil war. please welcome john f. marszalek and craig simon's. (applause) >> thank you frank. thank all of you for that warm welcome. very much appreciated. some of you know, some of you may not, that mary lou and i, my wife, we recently moved back to rhode island, newport, rhode island. therefore, our neighbors, more or less, anybody in rhode island is neighbors with everybody else in rhode island. i want to acknowledge frank's help in being my instantaneous translator as i learned the rhode island dialect and translated it into some sort of common american english. i recently learned where the lure of what was. it is the law of war. that was an insight to me. what john and i are going to do today is talk about the book that frank mentioned. this is the personal memoirs o