i created gettysburg national military park. i guess that's okay, but somebody else would have done that that's revisionist history doesn't matter if somebody else would have done it the sickles bill did do it. not that he was the only guy during that era, but let's you let's give credit. work credits due and i know we're running short on time here, but just a couple more. throughout the period veterans are coming back. they're coming back to gettysburg and increasing numbers. they are developing. well, we know today is gettysburg national military park and it's during that period that sickles there he is and this is probably about 1888 25th anniversary, but it's during that period that sickles strikes up a relationship with his july 2nd opponent james longstreet. and you know, they spend many years together. they go to many events together time tonight does not allow me to tell all of their drinking stories and that but some of them are pretty good. but sickles and longstreet basically mutually support each other's gettysburg r

tickets a charge at gettysburg. it was the first battlefield guide legendary here at gettysburg. also a cohost of the popular battle of gettysburg podcasts. he's written numerous articles and publications he is one of the major content liners and appears in the american battlefield app here at gettysburg. he has appeared on npr, travel channels, murder mysteries, and civil war talk radio. and he was entered in july 2013 issued a civil war monitor. i would now like to present to you is going to be presenting the program neutral ground in the gettysburg peach orchard. [applause] >> thank you tammy for the introduction brett is going to tell you to not go too far because i do not have the remote clicker, i think we are in good shape though. wow, what a crowd afraid this is really humbling to see people literally standing and back. at that these great studio lights shining in my face. he still recognize a lot of familiar faces back there. and boy i hope this is good. [laughter] otherwise i'm a little bit of trouble. i'm

of gettysburg, not the campaign. we will talk about the entire campaign not the infantry. i love the infantry but this is the role of cavalry. i mention a number of books on the civil war, these are the map studies and i'm constantly criticized about this one. there is not a lot of cavalry. couldn't fit. came out with this one that specializes, what i'm going to do today, i only have 45 minutes. i will go fast, talk about the multiple roles the cavalry played during the campaign of gettysburg and you will appreciate these guys more than you currently do. these guys are constantly in the saddle. the guys are constantly in motion doing a variety of activities. let's jump into it. you know these two gentlemen. two major generals, the army of the potomac cavalry, jeb stuart, his counterpart have been in command of their army's cavalry for over a year, they are experienced. they know potentially how to run a cavalry. the organization is very different. you see on the union side it is much more sophisticated. you have divi

, the story of the gettysburg national cemetery dedication. he is married and has four children and six grandchildren today he will speak to you about the role of the calvary and the gettysburg campaign i will introduce to you bradley gottfried. >> thank you for coming. this could take me three hours to go through. i am going to go very quickly because most people when you pick about gettysburg you think about the battle of gettysburg you don't think about the campaign as much and were gonna talk about the entire campaign not the infantry, i love the infantry but this is goingca toe the role of calvary and i've written a number of books on the civil war, these are some of the map studies and i'm constantly criticized about this one, i love this book and i love them all i love them all like my children, there's not a lot of calvary and their it could not fit, and came out with this one that specializes on the calvary and the gettysburg campaign what i'm going to do today the major thing i only have 40 or 45 minutes i'm going to go fast it's goi

bob became the 15th president of gettysburg college in july, 2019.t of his first year as president, covid struck and bob has been hero again very successful in his efforts to lead the college through this challenging time and as a member of the lincoln prize and i can tell you from personal observation he is an ardent and eloquent participant in the board's deliberations. to offer a few remarksks about e prize and the college, here is president bob. >> a good evening everyone. i'm president of gettysburg college and it is truly an honor to join you tonight for the special celebration. our college has had a long and strong relationship in the gilder lehrmaneh institute for a good many years and it's been a joy to be so intimately involved with the selection and presentation the lincoln prize not only recognizes the work of the scholarship but also has a way of shining a light on our shared past and honoring us all new understandings for how we navigate the challenges presented by the world today it's a sentiment that speaks to the education we seek to

lincoln citing the inoculation that made my children, think in the family donated to gettysburg college. the sentences in front of named for thaddeus stevens, congressman and abolitionist rate was long timeru trustee of the college and provided the land of 1932 upon which the college was built printed let us take a few w minutes in prayer prayed for god that we make to recognize and celebrate the extraordinary work of two eminent historians, elizabeth varon for her "armies of deliverance" in a sweeping narrative of the civil war the bold interpretation of the war aim for the union and the confederacy and david reynolds, "abe" and elegant book that brings abraham lincoln to life within the culture of the turbulent age, and on this occasion would take an important moment to recognize gilder who passed away this year for his monumental in the gilder lehrman institute of american history and first partner in our partner and is for continued progress that we would have good health and more than a century half after that era in the civil war we pray lord god for continued teachings of scholar

he's a graduate and former trustee of gettysburg college . friend of the lincoln prize and founder of the nation's leading advocate for military veterans. scott, we turn to you for the invocation. >> and scott higgins and as the trustee of the lincoln prize i want to welcome you to our virtual celebration of the prize. behind me is a statue of mister lincoln signing the emancipation proclamation which i'm proud to say our children donated to gettysburg college. the statue sits in front of stevens hall names for that is stevens the congressman and abolitionist who was a long time trustee of the college and provided a land in 1832 on which the college was built. >> .. on this occasion we also take an important moment to recognize dick gilder who passed away this year, and we pray for his partner and our partner, lew lehrman, for continued good health. we pray that the legacy of the men and women who lived, suffered the horrors of war and the injustice of of presentation will -- of oppression will be a shining light to future americans, and the

bobby came the 15 president of the gettysburg college in july of 2019.and his first year residency covid struck and he was very successful in meeting the college's during this time. i can tell you from personal observation he is an ardent and eloquent participant in the board could offer a few remarks about the college here is president bob juliano. >> good evening everyone. i'm bob juliano present at gettysburg college and it's truly an honor to join you for this special celebration. our colleges have a long and strong relationship with the gilder lehrman institute of american history and it's been a joy to be so intimately involved in the selection and presentation of the lincoln prize and andre such as elizabeth barrett and david reynolds. the lincoln prize ali recognizes the work of essential scholarship but also has a way of shining a light on our shared past and offering a new understanding for how we navigate the challenges by our world today. the sentiments these powerfully to the education we provide for students at gettysburg college. but becau

the history of gettysburg college is deeply entwined.hen known as the pennsylvania college stood in the midst of union and confederate versus. sweeping through the heart of our campus then serving as an academic and residential space forse students to treat the wounded soldiers in both armies. it remains at the heart of our campus today and it serves as a vivid reminder to me and how it informs our values and then also in the battle, the story turns to a man by the men of david mills of the class of 1851, saying a few appropriate remarks and the next morning on novembes walk to the town square and followed president lincoln to the national cemetery in here is the iconic address firsthand. [inaudible] here lincoln's words, over the next four years, the member of the academic community and how they can continue the promise of those words throughout their lives. for me it is clear that consequential educations are inspired by consequential players and that includes in our country. leaders like lincoln and eisenhower and so many others throu

graduate and former trustee of gettysburg college. friend of lincoln prize and the founder of veterans advantage the nations leading advocate for military veterans. scott we turn to you for the indication. >> good. >> good evening. i'm scott higgins and as a trustee of the lincoln prize i want to welcome you here. the statue sits in front of stephen's hall named for thaddeus stevens the congressman abolitionist who is a longtime trustee the college and provided the land in 1832 upon which the college was l built. i'd like to take a few minutes and prayer. we meet this evening tore recognize that had to celebrate easter in a of two eminent historians elizabeth varon for her "armies of deliverance" the history of the civil war and the bold interpretation of the war aims of the union can better see and david reynolds with "abe" an eloquent book that rings a lincoln to live in a culture of a turbulent age. we also take an important moment to recognize gilder who passed away this year for his monumental contributions to american history an

but they immortalized her in 1890 when they built a monument on the battlefield of gettysburg. and there at the base of that monument is a life size bronze sculpture of sally. it's a very touching tribute to the sacrifices made by dogs during the civil war. now, other now, other domestic animals were used as mascots. one of the more famous was thick the sheep. dick was a mascot of the second rhode island regiment. and dick could do all sorts of tricks and he traveled extensively with the unit. unfortunately when they were deployed in washington d. c., they found out that there had been no provision for the food they needed it was a very sad fate when unfortunately most mascots been suffer that. another mascot that had a happier fate was jeff davis the pig. that was adopted by kinetic kit regiment. he was named after jefferson davis, the president of the care and federal sea. it was not meant as a compliment for jefferson davis to be compared to a pig. but, jeff they risk the pig was very popular among the troops and he could do a number of things. he could march with him on his

she fought with them at the battle of gettysburg. and there she went missing for a number of days. when they found her, she was guarding the bodies of the dead and wounded comrades. she continued to fight with them until she died in a battle in 1864. they risked their lives to save her, to bring her body back, to be buried with proper military honors bust they immortalized her in 1890 when they built a monument on the battlefield of gettysburg. and there at the base of the monument is a life size bronze sculpture of sally. it is a very touching tribute to the sacrifices made by dogs during the civil war. domestic e used as mascots. one of the more famous was dick the sheep. dick was the mascot of the second rhode island regiment, and disc could do all sorts of tricks, and he traveled extensively with the unit. unfortunately, when they were deployed in washington, d.c., they found out that there had been no provisions made for food supply, so they had to sell dick in order to buy the food they needed. it was a very sad fate, but fortunately most mascots didn't suffer that. another m

it's wonderful to be here with everybody on the anniversary of the battle of gettysburg. over telling eric story here and a little bit. some food for thought as we get started, i would like all of you to think about what is friendship? who is your best friend and why are they your best friend? interestingly enough these are some of the key themes that emerged as were trying to explore the larger than life historical figure in the winners. i think an analogy here in gettysburg on july 2 is we should think of dick winters as a joshua chamberlain of world war ii. they can look at personalities, backgrounds, education, upbringing. these were two young men who were born of pacifist families. they had hard work and diligent attitude instilled in them as young men. they believed they could move through life promote themselves through life of higher education. neither of them had formal military education. and yet despite all of that they come to be some of the best-known officers and the iconic clashes of their generation. why is this so? popular culture has something to do with

why did the eisenhower's retire to gettysburg? >> that's a complicated question. the eisenhower family settled originally in pennsylvania when they came from germany. so the eisenhower family actually settled near where the gettysburg farm is currently. when eisenhower went to gettysburg early in his military career, he really felt a connection to it. i believe it was just sort of a comfort. it was close enough to washington that while he was president he could go back and forth with ease. he really loved it there. he felt at home. >> can you talk a little bit more about mamie's causes? can you give us more insight on mamie? >> let's see where my ramblings take us. mamie had some health issues for her whole life. both she and ike had heart problems. so during the presidency, she became very, very involved with the american heart association. during her war, when ike was in europe, she volunteered at different wartime volunteer opportunities. mamie was really interested in people. she loved people. she would get a lot of letters. frankly, she would try to answer al

take that 4,000 calorie intake and let's look at, for instance, the gettysburg campaign, july, june, july, 1863. the average soldier at gettysburg and the campaign overall is going to ingest about 1,800 calories a day. they are not getting half of what they are supposed to be getting per day. this causes fatigue, men to drop out of ranks, et cetera, et cetera. i believe 1,800 calories today is basically what the calorie intake is for those who live in the congo. that's what the civil war soldiers are ingesting each day. john billings wrote a list of what he received during his service in his great book, which i have a tattoo of a lithograph out of, which isn't surprising probably to jake. >> not in the least. >> john billings wrote, salt pork, fresh beef, rarely ham or bacon, an occasional onion, flour, beans, split peas, coffee, tea, vinegar, candles, soap, pepper and salt. that's what billings said he saw throughout his service in the union army during the american civil war. a soldier with the 6th indiana said his comrades were they were starved into walking skeletons, sickly look

it gettysburg and what would have happened at an armored elephant unit have been deployed at gettysburg? his belief is it would have crushed lee's army to the point that they would have had to surrender and that the war might have been shortened by two years now with this have happened. we'll never know but it's a fascinating thing to think about we're concluding this presentation on animals in the civil war here at the monocacy battlefield, and i'm joined here by my two mascot friends lizzy and winnie. and monocacy is important battle as i mentioned before it's the battle that actually saved washington dc in 1864. i'm here, right? to a cavalry flag and both sides had cavalry deployed here at monarchy, but i'm going to talk about another cavalry action. that doesn't get much attention, but i think makes for a good final story. and that is the charge of the mule brigade it occurred in october of 1863 at the bell of the wahatchee. it's on the border of georgia and tennessee and one night. 200 union mules were tethered together when nearby gunfire? started, you know exploding around them.

so, you know, it's the one part of the gettysburg that i love. talking about his service way back when. it's like, there is an old guy in your union who is exactly like that. and it's still true today. i had friends who were in the evasion of iraq and they had an old sergeant who was in the first gulf war. it's the same thing. it's a timeless story and talking about food and talking about how to properly take care of yourself in the military is a timeless story as well. it goes back to ancient times. that's why a thing like this, presentation like this, it's so important for your viewers and my viewers who are maybe watching as well because we tend to think about the operational history, the tactics and all that stuff and we tend to forget about whether these guys actually eating? how is this impacting what they do on the battlefield? and i think it's an awesome subject and that's why i was so attractive to food in the field. i want to eat well and go home healthy, but i also wanted to figure out how they did it. >> so, other food related questio

i am carmichael of gettysburg college also the director of the civil institute.irector of the civil institute, good evening ashley how are you? >> i'm doing all right pete's

i am carmichael of gettysburg college also the director of the civil institute.irector of the civil institute, good evening ashley how are you? >> i'm doing all right pete's. tonight get amy greenberg with this, she's the professor of history at psu. i where i did my graduate studies, unfortunately amy and i did not

so that's why he was not a gettysburg. after convalescing for a little over a year and in the interim after the surgeons in richmond believed that he had gained enough strength they thought probably the best thing that could aid in the healing process was to let him board a train and travel back home to washington county and nothing like a mother's love that can help in the healing process. so tom is lying there in the home he was born in, upstairs, second floor in the bedroom that he had slept in every night since he was a wee little baby and he hears horses draw up out on his mom and dad's front lawn and before he can even get out of bed someone yells out, colley, can you ride? and he goes to the window, he recognizes the voice as he wrote and he goes to the window and it's grumble jones. jones had just recently been appointed to head up the newly created confederate military district of southwest virginia and upper east tennessee. major general ambrose burnside's forces had captured knoxville weeks prior and they were a

i know some people would disagree, but gettysburg was a desperate move by the cop fedsy. robert e. lee, of trying to get a major victory on north home soil. and his biggest purpose for that would have been to bring in european help to the south. a lot of people in the south, a lot of leadership in the south were really counting on bringing in france and england on the side of the south to go against the united states. and one of my research topics was a french nobleman who right up to the very end in 1865 was hoping to bring france in on the side of the confederacy. what these northern -- i'm sorry, what these european powers were looking for was to see if the south had a chance at winning, or at least coming up with a negotiated truth -- truce, sorry, so that's what lee was doing. if it had been a great victory on northern soil it might have persuaded them to recognize the confederacy as an independent government but that fell through. it was a little bit delusional or very delusional and that was the big goal and once he lost, that the war still goes on there are horrendous battl

of his life to the service of america, instead of retiring to take it easy on his little farm in gettysburgre of this baby, a chip off the old block, and he would tell you -- >> i want my grandson and yours to grow up in a free america. >> he's proud of his grandchildren. there are three of them now. you can tell that eisenhower believes that our real first line of defense is the family, an old-fashioned, well-understood american idea, and admired in the rest of the world, especially in france. >> france was the first nation to hail eisenhower for his crusade in europe. the french love liberty. under hitler, they tasted slavery. the frenchman, eisenhower is a liberator. this ally likes ike too. and across the english channel, which hitler could not cross, the people of battered london, who never would yield to the blitz, surrendered with a cheer to ike. >> to every londoner that has ever taken one of my soldiers into his home, i say you'll always have my profound gratitude. to everyone who has smilingly directed one of my men to the albert hall or to marble arch, i owe thanks also. >> churc

after january 21st, 1961, ike retired to his farm near historic gettysburg.mpletion of half a century of dedicated service to his country as soldier and as president. ♪♪ >>> ladies and gentlemen, mr. walter matthau. >> you will enter the continent of europe and in conjunction with the other united nations undertake operations aimed at the heart of germany and the destruction of her ram forces. this was without a doubt the most difficult assignment ever given to one man. the brilliance with which he

and as i said at the outset if you love gettysburg is much as we do i think it is important to understand all of the phases of dan sickles career. love him or not, hate him or not, love to hate him or hate to love him. at that i think we're almost out of time. and seeing the queue in the back of the room thanks. >> you are watching american history tv every saturday on cspan2. >> the largest stone fort in the united states is at the mouth of chesapeake bay near hampton, virginia. cap next for monroe robert reed gives a tour showcasing the history from a colonial area through its completion in 1834 and its role in the civil war for. >> welcome to fort monroe located here on the very pleasant place we call points comfort. the cult old point comfort it has been that way for a long, long time. it was here that over 400 years of history have occurred. in fact some is that even longer. some would say thousands of years. aptly named because nothing more than a vault inside the fort wall. you are actually inside the fort wall which is kind of unique for museums. were going to walk you through the

after january 21st 1960, ike retired to his farm in gettysburg, upon the completion of half a century service to his country as soldier and as president. ♪ ♪ ♪ ladies and gentlemen, mr. walter matthau. >> you will enter the continent of europe and in conjunction with the other

after january 21st, 1961, ike retired to his farm near historic gettysburg, upon the completion of halfry of dedicated service to his country as soldier and as president. ♪♪ ♪♪ white house to plan the orderly ♪♪ >>> ladies and gentlemen, mr. walter matthau. >> you will enter the continent of europe and in conjunction with the other united nations undertake operations aimed at the heart of germany and the destruction of her armed forces. this was, without a doubt, the most difficult assignment "ever given" to one man, the brilliance with which he answered this awesome challenge marks him as one of our greatest soldiers. mr. raymond massey, the distinguished actor brings us the finest moments in history, the story of the

the historiography and his role in the preservation and he's i've said at the outset if you love gettysburg as much as we do, i think it's important to understand all of the phases of dance sickles his career love him or not hate him or not. love to hate him or hate to love them. so all right with that. i think we're almost out of time. i'm seeing the q in the back of the room. thank you and thanks. you're watching american history tv explore our nation's past every saturday on c-span 2. the largest stone fort in the united states sits at the mouth of the chesapeake bay near, hampton, virginia up next fort monroe case-mate museum director, robin reed gives us a tour showcasing the fort's history from the colonial era through its completion in 1834 and its role in the civil war. welcome to fort monroe located here on the very pleasant place. we call point comfort. actually, we call it old point comfort and that's been that way for a long long time. it is here that over 400 years of history have occurred. in fact some would say even longer some would say even thousands of years. we're inside

world war i brought him instead commands of a tank training center at gettysburg pennsylvania, whereepared a new tank corps for overseas duty. his performance won him the distinguished service medal. but before he was able to get to europe, the war ended. and the late 19 twenties, after graduation from the command and general staff school, major dwight eisenhower was assigned to france to prepare a guidebook on american battlefields in europe. it was his first direct experience with that continent. with the thirties came other signs. service under general douglas mcarthur, commander in chief of the philippine army, to help the commonwealth government work out a plan for its military defense. ordered back to the states in december 1939, lieutenant colonel eisenhower went as an adviser to infantry regiments. and the dark spring of 1940, german armored divisions were crashing through columns in belgium. the luftwaffe way sweeping its destruction through europe's skies. beleaguered britain stood alone. the united states had passed the selective service act to prepare for what lay ahead.

in your mind, in your research is gettysburg still considered the major turning point, or do you see it as being something else, another set of circumstances? >> yes, i would say it would be the big turning point. i know some people would disagree, but betties burring was a desperate move by the confederacy, robert e. lee, of trying to get a major victory on northern home soil. and his biggest purpose for that would have been to bring in european help to the south. a lot of people in the south, a lot of leadership in the south were really counting on bringing in france and england on the once he lost that the war still goes on. there are horrendous battles afterwards. anybody else? >> thank you. if anybody wants to come down and take a look. if you're never held a musket, here's your chance. >> give a hand to dr. kiner.

if you were to travel east of gettysburg for maybe an hour and a half or so along route 30 you would come to the town of lancaster, pennsylvania. i imagine some of you have been to lancaster, are familiar with it. in 1744, lancaster was just this tiny little frontier community that was really on the edge of settlement in pennsylvania. but in june of 1744, a group of 250 iroquois indians arrived in lancaster. they were carrying arms, bows, and arrows, and guns and toma hawks. they marched right through the center of town. you might imagine this caused panic among the residents of the tiny quaker town. there wasn't even a militia to call out perhaps in fear of an attack from the iroquois. they weren't there to make war. they were there for a treaty conference that had been called by the governor of pennsylvania so they marched through town, their leader singing a song of greeting to the people of lancaster. and when they got to the edge of town, it didn't take long to walk down main street, they built a camp of wigwams and cabins and stayed in lancaster for about the next two and a hal

world war i brought him instead command of a tank training center at gettysburg, pennsylvania, where troops at the new tank corps for overseas duty. his performance won for him the distinguished service medal, but before he was able to get to europe the war ended. in the late 1920s after graduation from the command and general staff school major dwight d. eisenhower was assigned to france to prepare a guidebook on american battlefields in europe. it was his first direct experience with that continent. with the '30s came other assignments, climaxed by service under general douglas mcarthur in the philippines. for four years he worked with macarthur to help the commonwealth government work out a plan for its military defense. ordered back to the states in december 1939 lieutenant colonel eisenhower went to ft. lewis, washington, as executive officer of the 15th infantry regiment. in the dark spring of 1940 german armored divisions were crashing through holland and belgium. it was streaking its destruction through europe's skies, france was problems trait and beleaguered -- standing alo

that this is how lincoln thought, operated and now we can see he didn't become the lincoln of the gettysburg address with all of this previous contemplation. this would be a great way to end. let's keep this brief between us. you brought this up just now, contemplation and we were talking before the program together about what was the happiest time in lincoln's life, timeframe. i even put down salem when he was discovering himself. i mentioned that briefpi time between we surrender and his death. but i think the same as you and you say this on the book when he was out that was a wonderful time for him to do what he loved best, to speak about politics and the law that i brought up the t idea and i want you to comment on this, one of the reasons he didn't go home all the time when all the others went home for a weekend or holiday, he sometimes stayed out there on the circuit all alone and i think that was important to him. the only time he had in his busy life to be alone, to contemplate and understand. what do you think about that? i don't think that he was not going home because he had a bad