gettysburg. how many of you aware? there were two battles of gettysburg, one on june 26, 1863. another one you might have heard of on july 1st, 1863, over thousand monuments of gettysburg. the second battle. we're going to talk about the first battle with monuments on the battlefield. two, the june 26, fighting at gettysburg. it was part of jubal early expedition, a little picnic in pensive genius. one of his men would call it, well, let's talk about their goal for jubal. he was the wrightsville bridge campbell wrightsville columbia. here's was a quick geography lesson. this is south central pennsylvania. gettysburg, of course, is the bottom left. we're all familiar with that. we're all familiar with gettysburg, of course, key to the south central pennsylvania to understand the gettysburg campaign is the geography. harris works on the right side of the river. if you're a yankee, think god harrisburg's on the right side of the river. if harrisburg is on the left side of the river, we might be sayi

gettysburg. how many of you aware? there were two battles of gettysburg, one on june 26, 1863. another one you might have heard of on july 1st, 1863, over thousand monuments of gettysburg. the second battle. we're going to talk about the first battle with monuments on the battlefield. two, the june 26, fighting at gettysburg. it was part of jubal early expedition, a little picnic in pensive genius. one of his men would call it, well, let's talk about their goal for jubal. he was the wrightsville bridge campbell wrightsville columbia. here's was a quick geography lesson. this is south central pennsylvania. gettysburg, of course, is the bottom left. we're all familiar with that. we're all familiar with gettysburg, of course, key to the south central pennsylvania to understand the gettysburg campaign is the geography. harris works on the right side of the river. if you're a yankee, think god harrisburg's on the right side of the river. if harrisburg is on the left side of the river, we might be sayi

we'll begin with the gettysburg. fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposal that all men are created now. now we are engaged in a great war testing that nation or, any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. we are met on a great battlefield of that war. we have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who gave their lives that their nation might live. it is altogether and proper that we should do this. but in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. the brave men living and dead who struggle here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract the world will little no nor long remember what we say here. but i can never forget what they did here it is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here, and thus far so nobly advanced. it is rather for us to be here dedic

, partners, the gettysburg national military park, for the things that we do to preserve gettysburg so that you all the stories why it's important and you are at probable even most i think i'm not going to say probably because i'm in charge here right. i'm the president ceo. i can say that it's the most preserved civil war field hospital site in the american war in the united states anywhere. and it's thanks to a lot of donors like you all that helped make that possible. so this is the spangler family out in front of the spangler farm. this is a turn of the century photograph. it does show some of the original buildings here, as paul mentioned, my first trip he to the farm was 35 years ago. in 1998, i wrote a little book on lewis armstead, who was one of the confederate. it's he's e highest ranking confederate soier here at the farm. he died here on july 1863. we can tal a bit about him. and i wrote a little book on him and i asked one of the battlefield guides, greg koko, who is ranger battlefield guide, who wrote a book on civil war field hospitals. he's done many books and i should

but think csi gettysburg address gettysburg address. okay. i'm not an animator. that's how i've just been explaining it to everybody. christopher described his project to a few of us at the 2019 forum. one night after dinner, we gathered his laptop in the windom lobby and we were all enthralled by the results of christopher's work and all of us who were there. that was a really wonderful memory and a really great thing, and it was kind of what this forum is about is just these these interactions with people discovering new things. what i personally find so exciting, christopher's project is the marriage of 19th century primary sources with 21st century technology to address historical questions from perspectives and given lincoln's interest in technology, i think he would be as fascinated by christopher's work as i suspect of you will be as well, to tell you more about his research and conclusions, i give you my good friend christopher oakley. wow. good morning. we just get my stuff arranged here. thank you, michel. that was very kind and and humbling. i apprecia

foundation that gettysburg foundation that things, to preserve gettysburg, because in my mind, you don't know where you're going unless you know where you came from, everybody, you don't. and these are stories where the understanding and worth knowing. i am sorry for the technical difficulty is, i want to thank everybody here who got it, and mark is bringing us to the rescue, and the rest of y'all, thank you, all of you for coming, and i will try to take any questions on a very long program because there were technical difficulties, i am sorry about that. . thank you. >> [ applause ] x yes, paul? >> [ indescernible ] >> yeah, you probably can, paul. quick questions, go ahead, sir. >> first of all, i just read the robin kirkwood book and we got to see him in person a couple months ago at the guard building. we highly recommend that, it's amazing. >> tremendous. that's one of the things that surprised me, besides the spangler farm being a hospital, if memory serves, and it is tougher for me these days, there were reserve artillery units here on the spangler farm , and strategically, if i a

partners the gettysburg national military park for the things we do to preserve gettysburg so that you all understand the stories come why it's important. and you are at probably the most i think i'm not going to say probably because i'm in charge or come right? on thest president and ceo. i can say that it is a most preserved civil war field hospital site in the american civil war in the united states anywhere.. and it's thanks to a lot of donors like you will that help make that possible. so this is the spangler family out in front of the spangler farm. this is turn-of-the-century photograph. it does show some of the original buildings here, as pl mentioned my first trip here to the farm was 35 good to go. the farmas -- 1998. a total book on louisrmstead, who was one of the confederates, the highest-ranking confederate soldier here at the farm. he die here on july 15, 1863. wean will toggle bit about him d of little book on it and asked one of the battlefield guides, gray, was a ranger, battlefield guide, wrote a book on civil war field hospitals, he said many books and i said hey, d

taken the train east of gettysburg. it will go to baltimore and he will be transferred to the west tossed it all, which are six warehouses in baltimore. many of these wounded confederate, they want to shift them out of here. they are prisoners of war. if they are to building wounded, they will go out to letterman general haas. member, this is a field goal. mr. spengler tells us the field hospital is in existence for five weeks and two days. august 6 1863 it's shot up and they start the hospital east of gettysburg the third week of july. transferred out over to the general hospital to have patience wounded here. by the way, the spengler's and paid. they were allowed to use one room in their own house. the surgeons aired one room out of six that were located in their house so they could actually say and they will help the wounded as best they can. they don't clean the property. they stay on the property. the confederates if you are well enough, you are on the train and shipped out. may go to baltimore. depending on who yo

person of gettysburg.e built the david wills house where abraham stayed. he owned this property. and i remember, when i was at the adams county historical society, when i worked there, my mentor said to me, when we're down the courthouse today and we're going to look at a book that's in the courthouse, i go, what book? we go to look at? he goes, it's cold insolvent debtors. and you know what? go bankrupt is bad for you. it's debtors and going bankrupt is bad for youca integrate for us, everybody because you've got to describe. went down to the courthouse will and the entire description at least when alexander went bankrupt, went to the bank of gettysburg is in the description so we know the buildings that were here and we know things about the history. then it's sold and they bought the property in 1848 from henry fisher. the first recorded to date on this property is 1905. i'm going to say that to you again. the property dates back all the way back to the land grant of 1681 and further than that of course

gettysburg. the union victory at gettysburg. the union victory at fort hudson. so the land won the c-1 is the arrival of the s.s. alabama in the southwest pacific in the fall of 1863, where she takes several u.s. merchant ships. and that does two important things. number one, it globalize the civil war. we should never forget that the confederate commerce raiders globalized the civil war. our friends from the uk roundtable were back there saying, thank you, thank you very much, thank you're, welcome to. this the second thing that it does is it energizes as the us asiatic squadron if we had been sending ships out there since commodore perry in 1853, we'd actually been fighting few skirmishes with pirates in and around and in what's now the western pacific. as we know, the first island chain to use the modern term for it. but this energizes the us navy to have a more robust presence in asia, which it has maintained to varying reefs right up to this very best. and so from that perspective, when you look at the united states really broadly as an asiatic pacific powe

gettysburg, one or 40000.he united states does not wade through that much blood in that timeframe at any other time in the 19th century. in fact the next time they wade waited that much blood and afr timeframe and then we wait for that which blood again in that timeframe until 1944 the last six months or seven months in the first seven months of 1945. the tale of human destruction that is occurring in this country in 1863 that is why he has to go to gettysburg what does this mean? what does this mean? what is this about? he goes to gettysburg to find the conflict. the conclusion that is perfect for t that is if you read the gettysburg address go back and read it now with that in your mind. go back and read it you think about the emotional this is a country that's ripping itself apart now go back and read the gettysburg address and truly the united states. and then standing here at a cemetery there is no guarantee that gettysburg will remain in that title. in fact gettysburg will hold that. but there is no guar

but i you know, it's after gettysburg. it's this traumatic moment in the army, a moment in which these soldiers are thinking deeply, and many are not just thinking deeply, but acting that in deserting. so there is these moments. i don't think there's that kind of moment any union army that i can think of in which these union soldiers who are semi-literate, who probably disgruntled with their situation, but their situation again, is there there's different in terms of the material reality is as well. i mean, all of that factors in so as you can see from my response, i'm going around and around and around and i'd say, did you say there directly at all, well, i should just said is i need to spend some time that before i give you an answer. so that's what i need do. yes, please go ahead. yeah. so my question is, i don't think there's censorship by the military of these letters. were they concerned at all operational security, like, you know, a guy running home, like, hey, we were in northern at this point. we have 5000 guys an

so he died on the battlefield in gettysburg, correct. okay. so he's lying on the battlefield with a picture in hand, which i can't imagine how it looks. i mean, it in the clarity that you have there is very good. how did they come in? did they come and take some type of picture it to make it that clear? because. yes. what exactly do they do to make it? i mean, because the pictures very good here where i imagine if he's lying on the battlefield, the condition of the picture is, very poor. yeah. so that's actually where this card to visit technology is very useful here. what he is holding on the battlefield is an amber type. and this is an example of a case, a hard image or a cased image. usually the case would be complete. but this is what he had on the battlefield with was a picture of the hard image. i think it was an amber or type of his in this case. and he's on the battlefield clutching this. so when the doctor gets a hold, this this new technology, the card to visit, i mean, it's about ten years old at the time or a little than that at th

have had to research gettysburg. but i didn't because they did not live that long. i got a very close up view of the war's first two years. after i'd written the book, i was reading about the later war, some books about the end of the war. i was struck by how absolutely hard and cruel and bitter and vengeful it was, compared to the first couple years of the war. not that war is a pretty place, people were dying from bullets in diseases like crazy in the early war. but there were something more innocent about it. at the end of the war, you had the rise of guerrilla warfare, which you never had before. 10% of the union army black troops, who were given no quarter by confederate soldiers. you have the rise of the hard war, people like will sheridan, basically conducting anti-civilian warfare, burning forms to the ground, burning crops to the ground. what sheridan did in the shenandoah valley was probably worse than what sherman did in georgia and the carolinas. just the desperation at the end of the war on the part of t

number two, why gettysburg for the battle? my understanding, the confederates were on their way to harrisburg to capture the railroad hub, then they would take the trains down to the capital and capture that. your thoughts on both. guest: first of all, i am not an expert on gettysburg, it is not something i've written about. but i am interested in the subject of jackson because jackson died in may and a couple months later, we have gettysburg. the moves at gettysburg -- jackson simply would not have done that. jackson was the most aggressive commander america has ever produced. jackson would have moved forward, jackson would not have stopped moving. the battle would have changed, the entire character of the battle would have changed. as for what happened after that, it gets hypothetical very quickly. i think the chances of the confederacy winning that battle were very high. the problem is a battle one did not mean the army -- the union army was going away or going anywhere. what becomes interesting is the question of -- let us

so he died on the battlefield in gettysburg, correct. okay. so he's lying on the battlefield with a picture in hand, which i can't imagine how it looks. i mean, it in the clarity that you have there is very good. how did they come in? did they come and take some type of picture it to make it that clear? because. yes. what exactly do they do to make it? i mean, because the pictures very good here where i imagine if he's lying on the battlefield, the condition of the picture is, very poor. yeah. so that's actually where this card to visit technology is very useful here. what he is holding on the battlefield is an amber type. and this is an example of a case, a hard image or a cased image. usually the case would be complete. but this is what he had on the battlefield with was a picture of the hard image. i think it was an amber or type of his in this case. and he's on the battlefield clutching this. so when the doctor gets a hold, this this new technology, the card to visit, i mean, it's about ten years old at the time or a little than that at th

because by the time it all transpires, the battle of gettysburg has already started. all right, i appreciate your time. >> if you're enjoying american history tv, then sign up for our newsletter using the qr code on the screen to receive the weekly schedule of upcoming programs like lectures and history, the presidency, and more. sign up for the american history tv newsletter today and be sure to watch american history tv every saturday or anytime online. >> a healthy democracy doesn't look like this. it looks like this. where americans can see democracy at work. our republic drives. get informed straight from the source on c-span . unfiltered, unbiased, word for word. from the nation's capital to wherever you are. it is the opinion that matters the most, your own. this is what democracy looks like. c-span, powered by cable .

gettysburg bristow station mine run and the wilderness. his most current book, published earlier this year, is maps of the spotsylvania through cold harbor. so let's welcome dr. godfrey. well, it's great to be here this evening. i have to tell you that i usually get up about 3:00 in the morning. so you can imagine i probably am ready for bed around this time. so if it looks like becoming a pumpkin, understand why i appreciate the the introduction. i guess i didn't include as much as i probably should have, but i am retired like i believe most of the others are this evening. this weekend i spent 40 years in higher education. my doctorate is actually not in history. it's in zoology and i started off as faculty member and then went on and actually went downward. would say i entered the dark of administration and retired as president of the college southern maryland. i'm currently in battlefield guide and a gettysburg town guide, not a battlefield guide, and it's so to see all of my books sitting there. thank you for bringing them over my goal

campaign or actually on the cusp of the actual battle of gettysburg. when stuart, as i'm sure most of you know, will fall into a great deal of controversy controversy. key to the tonight is washington d.c. as the capital of the north. you may or may not really have given part to the fact that washington throughout the war is in the settlement of its populace, a southern city. it's not a northern city they're not necessarily all for the north it's a southern city surrounded by the border state of maryland and the state of virginia, the southern state there. and it's also surrounded by high ground. so one of the first things that they did the north had to do was fortify the city to try to protect it. and although this map is probably off for our purposes tonight, probably gives you you'll see it a couple of times it gives you sense of that was sort of occasions as they ring the city with those circles there we will come back to that i said a couple of times so so starting with the christmas writing, going to show it pretty quickly. if i spend more time o

gettysburg bristow station mine run and the wilderness. his most current book, published earlier this year, is maps of the spotsylvania through cold harbor. so let's welcome dr. godfrey. well, it's great to be here this evening. i have to tell you that i usually get up about 3:00 in the morning. so you can imagine i probably am ready for bed around this time. so if it looks like becoming a pumpkin, understand why i appreciate the the introduction. i guess i didn't include as much as i probably should have, but i am retired like i believe most of the others are this evening. this weekend i spent 40 years in higher education. my doctorate is actually not in history. it's in zoology and i started off as faculty member and then went on and actually went downward. would say i entered the dark of administration and retired as president of the college southern maryland. i'm currently in battlefield guide and a gettysburg town guide, not a battlefield guide, and it's so to see all of my books sitting there. thank you for bringing them over my goal

the gettysburg address took less than three minutes to say. but some would be 2, 3 hours long. the lincoln-douglas debates, with stephen douglas, each candidate had 1.5 hours to speak, and in those speeches, he would not use appeals to emotion necessarily. he would not tell some dramatic story. he would not play on people's fears necessarily. he would reason with them. he took his audience seriously and had faith that they would stick with him and reason through the problem with him. and that is remarkably different than a lot of politicians are trained to speak today and it certainly is different than the approach the former president has taken, although he will also speak for a long time. host: gary is in jacksonville, florida on our democratic line. caller: good morning. mr. inskeep, looking at the politics of today, you should have differences, but how can one party work with another party when one candidate is a convicted rapist, tax fraud, insurrectionist who we know stole documents, shared national secrets? host: did you have questions for steve about lincoln or the book

the gettysburg address took less than three minutes to say. but some would be 2, 3 hours long.incoln-douglas debates, with stephen douglas, each candidate had 1.5 hours to speak, and in those speeches, he would not use appeals to emotion necessarily. he would not tell some dramatic story. he would not play on people's fears necessarily. he would reason with them. he took his audience seriously and had faith that they would stick with him and reason through the problem with him. and that is remarkably different than a lot of politicians are trained to speak today and it certainly is different than the approach the former president has taken, although he will also speak for a long time. host: gary is in jacksonville, florida on our democratic line. caller: good morning. mr. inskeep, looking at the politics of today, you should have differences, but how can one party work with another party when one candidate is a convicted rapist, tax fraud, insurrectionist who we know stole documents, shared national secrets? host: did you have questions for steve about lincoln or the book? call

we would be here all night if we got into the controversy of stuart in gettysburg. one of the many questions is why when his horses are exhausted, they were out for a week. there is no rush for them. he has got to stop every day to rest his horses. why does he send a brigade to end it? moreover, why does he move over the shenandoah valley instead of west. in other words, why does he come out of the crossroads like this right through the union army when he could have been on the back. there would know it has been any federals. it would have been quicker. i believe because that is what he had done before. he is on the cusp of defending his losses. if you want to convince the federals, here is what somebody said. we still go north in september of 1862. they end up at the battle of antietam. one of the things that he was disappointed about was that he did not get further north before mcclellan bought him to battle. he has a reputation of being slow. people take advantage of that. mcclellan was very quickly springing into battle. lee want something to happen that will pr