the finest of these fountains was designed by sculptor and architect, gian lorenzo bernini.t was built in the piazza navona which stood on foundations of an ancient stadium, a material expression of the idea of eternal rome. the city had survived 100 years of political and religious turmoil, of war and destruction. despite invasions of european monarchs who'd attempted to conquer the city on the pretext of defending it, it had preserved its independence. most important, the catholic church had survived the rise of protestantism and its challenge to rome's authority. it was an extraordinary period of expansion as european colonization and exploration took its influence to the farthest corners of the earth. this roman catholic renewal, which historians call the counter reformation, was given added purpose and vigor by a remarkable group of visionaries. the spanish mystic and philosopher teresa of avila insisted that everyone could experience intense and personal knowledge of god. igtius loyol founder of the jesuiteaching order, inspired his followers to go to work with spiritu

. >> gian? raj? are those the missions we should be fighting? should we be stopping sectarian violence? >> yeah. one should not take from my talk an isolationist view, right? i mean, maybe we should be involved in those kinds of things. but what we should ask ourselves at the beginning is what will the costs of military intervention be, what are the -- what's the likelihood of success, and have a real honest discussion of what it will cost. and in so applying military force and the process of doing that which produces actions, reactions, counteractions, will the process of using military force, would it have been worth it in the first place when we talk about this decision whether or not to go in? i also think that we have to be, there has come to be almost this rule that says when the united states intervenes militarily for whatever reason, the rule says that it has to stay and fix it. and i think that is a very dangerous proposition. if that's the case, it certainly seems to me it commits the united states to perpetual, never ending wars of na

back when gian all of nbc universal they tried to retract -- retire jay leno. 10:00 p.m. slot and failed and then he won back the tonight show sending conan o'brien into cable exile. contact -- comcast is in control now and maybe add tougher boss. this transition was supposed to be unveiled in may. in bobbing up the announcement, they might be taking a tougher stance, throwing down the gauntlet and showing them -- and that it has no fear. so far it is a bittersweet moment. he is still number one at late night, the down a bit from a year ago. the thing is to his losing viewers in the age group that advertisers pay to reach, adults under age 50, down 7%. so now the long wait begins. the entire tv business waits to see whether this time he will go out gracefully and quietly. so far so good. liz: watch out, and here's why. we saw him at the white house correspondent the last year, and he was hilarious. and just saying. >> one-and-a-half million dollars on youtube. 330,000 for fallon. liz: a little as here. thanks. good to see you. she's back. steve cohen of as a se

we have been attacked 48 times at least inside the homeland i attempted gian the attacks that were mostlyf them were bloody. we have been attacked in the mid-90s in many other incidents by extremists. so as far as the government is telling us, so far that they don't have the evidence that will tell us which of the two it could be. lou: there is no current indication to suggest that the events in boston are indicative of a broader plot in the united states. what is your reaction? >> my reaction is that this administration does not want to have a so-called muslim problem. they still have not square with the american people. my hunch is that they know this is an islamist attack already. it certainly has the hallmarks of it in terms of trade craft and terms of timing, in terms of target. and i would certainly agree, we have continued to motivate the enemy. the enemy is now active on five continents. we have just surrendered our forces or surrendered in worse commensurately we have galvanized this generation of islamists, just as they defeated the soviets in afghanistan in the 1980's galvanize

and the gian >>> the arizona diamondbacks have openly admitted, they have patterned their teams afteriants. hardcore guys that grind it out and do whatever it takes to win. they come to san francisco and outgrind the grinders. the home run to tie it. this time by crawford. it's going to stay in the cheap seats. 2-2 game. 10th inning. the d'backs do the little things like delivering a sacrifice fly. bases loaded, the pinch hitter, that turns out to be the game decider. arizona comes in and takes two out of three against the giants. >>> the a's, have something in common with the giants. both having major problems with their so-called ace starter. matt cain hasn't won once. brett lost for oakland. a former a, stephen drew had something to do with that. so-calleds one down -- scalds one down the right field line. it's a triple for drew. 3-3 ballgame. the red sox eventually up it to 6-3. now 6-4 in the 8th. chris young, already a home run in the game. watch this thing go. over the monster, over the stands, and as you will see, it winds up in the parking lot. however, that was it for chris

because, again, the traditional and no of gian terraces to make a statement that let people know thathey did it. one way or another could. neil: no one claimed responsibility. no one is taken about. >> that's right. what does that tell you, anything? >> it tells me head -- it does not tell us much. tells me that you probably have a first timer. they may be testing it out. maybe the motivation is so off the wall that is not political. but i think you're right. they definitely look more american. there were described as the occasion. they don't look middle eastern. and, again, if you want to kill a lot people you don't put in a park, you put it in a highly concentrated place. you put it in a bus, train station, near brace, near times square. you don't teeseven that draw to kill zero people is wait. three people were killed, but if you want to kill a hundred people in this bomb could have had been placed in a mall where there were hundreds of people. goes out and kill as many people. another will identify them. that still doesn't necessarily mean. and then they check the computers. a che

our final speaker will be gian gentile.s an award-winning historian, associate professor of history and director of the military history program at west point. this article appeared in the world politics review first exposed the growing risk among military intellectuals about the growing -- u.s.'s conventional capabilities. he was among a small group of dissident officers and defense analysts who questioned the necessity and efficacy of using counterinsurgency in afghanistan to destroy al qaeda. his forthcoming book draws on his experiences of the combat battalion commander in iraq. and his research in a variety of historical contexts. with that, i turn turn the podium over to rajiv. >> thank you for that kind introduction. my apologies to all of you who might have come expecting a pointed debate between the cato analyst and the "washington post" editor. there are many points of agreement. what went wrong that go where to start, with afghanistan. a couple of things. if we look at 2001-2009 time frame, the common criticism i