the dean of columbia business school, he is a republican, glenn hubbard on donald trump economics andump team. from london and new york, this is bloomberg. ♪ >> i am optimistic, if you want to be in the interest business, you have to -- in church business, you have to be optimistic and cautious and i have both. -- i am both. in italy, and this is true also for the rest of europe, the reforms have to continue. is something that can accelerate or slow down the reform but in the end, reforms will be achieved because they have to. that is earlier about the italian referendum, his first interview since he took charge of generali in march, the italians biggest insurance. rupert harrison of blackrock still with us. if you look at political risk, french elections which may see marking the pen coming to a second tour, are the markets pricing and more political upheaval in europe? rupert: following brexit and donald trump, there is a higher political risk premium. with the italian referendum specifically, everyone is positioning for a no vote so a yes vote would be a short-term positive surpris