with a filipino-american community we're asking ourselves owe everyone else to continue to be the global city and give all you can too >> thank you. next speaker, please. >> help folks that devastation will last year's. thank you, everybody and happy holidays and thaegz and keep sharing with your hearts >> thank you, mr. mayor. we appreciated our being here you're so loyal to the salvation army now i know why. some fast food facts pr 4 thousand meals are served to the search and seizures and soot shut in 3 hundred deliver routes and 45 hundred pound of turkey. are put together for the dinner 8 hundred pounds the green beans and 1 thousand 80 pound of miami. none of the preparations none of them disrupted the meals that everyday we've received for our participants and our homeless outreach in the neighborhoods. we still are backing cinnamon roles and muffins and cakes for our divorce on sunday. and we still value every minute that you can put in to help out. the thanksgiving meal will factual received into evidence turkey and stiffening and miami's green beans cranberry sauce and oreo cookies.

and doha is transforming itself into a global city, do you also see its leading elites as this handful of technocrats who are ruling the state and designing its policy, do you see them engaging in some of these global issues like food security, global warming, the spread of epidemics, diseases, these kinds of issues? or is the habit of hedging as a foreign policy strategy, in fact, hindered qatar from developing any kind of consistent approach to these issues which surely have to impact the future of qatar in the long term. >> thank you. excellent question. small states in general often specialize in particular issues. and they become what might be called norm entrepreneurs. they specialize in a specific norm, and then they -- that becomes their area of expertise. be norway, for example, or other small states. they specialize in one particular issue. so qatar is no exception. at the same time, i've mentioned qatar's preoccupation with branding. but not only is it interested -- and so qatar has, for example, been very active in dialogue of civilizations, in civilizational dialog

all this is under the theme of the global city. the mayor is trying to create chicago, again, under this global city which is code word for a city for white folks with money. it's about policies that perpetuate a city that is dividessed, right? one of two cities, those who can benefit do benefit through connections and political positions doing well in the city. when you step outside the lines, where we are now, and a few mile radius from where we are sitting tads, the city looks different. the struggles are different and benefits that are to trickle down to us, and heard it before, continue to not be true. our work to really take this on, and i think that it's been about organized again just to lift up the truth around what's happening, folks get it. like, we've door knocked in the last few weeks around tips, around the sur application, door knocking around the city, and people get it immediately; right? this is a fairly much a no-brainer. what people -- people -- it's clear folks look for independent leadership, looking for older

sunday night at nine on after words on c-span2. >> 300 global city leaders gathered in new york city for the first city lab summit. here in the opening session, safetyamined public technologies and how they impact privacy concerns. conversations with boston and new york city police commissioner's. this is just over one hour. >> presented by the atlantic, the aspen institute, and bloomberg philanthropy. please welcome the president and chief executive officer of the aspen institute and moderator of public safety, policy and new technologies. program participants include ann cavoukain, the commissioner from the office of privacy, and from ontario, canada, the chief executive officer of the cybersecurity, and a professor of law at the university of california, berkeley. >> welcome, everybody. this is our co-host. good to see you. this is our most interesting of all panels. it is changing in our lives -- technologiesin new and the innovations we are facing impinge on our personal privacy and liberty. found the aspen homeland security group in a nice restaurant in washington. she took me

and all of this is under the theme of the global city. the mayor trying to create chicago under this scheme of a global city which is a code word for basically a city for white folks with money. it really is about policy that perpetuates the city that is a divided city. those who can benefit due to the connections and to their political positions are doing quite well in the city. but when you step outside of those lines which is about where we are now and a few miles radius from where we are sitting on today. the city looks really different and the struggles are different and the benefits that are supposed to trickle down and we have heard this before continue to not be true. our work to take this on has been about trying to organize against the truth of what's happening. we have been knocking at the last few weeks around the surplus in the neighborhoods across the city. people get it immediately. it isn't easy but this is actually very much a no-brainer. what people also it's very clear folks are looking for independent leadership. they'

the show is helping to put miami on the map as a global city. >> for the masters like pablo piccaso to emerging artists, art basel prove oaks and awes. it's a prestigious show and the largest in the country. miami beach imported art basel, and has made it its own. it features more than 6,000 artists. organizers say the success can't be easily estimated. >> "fortune" magazine statements that $500 million is generated in miami dade county. numbers like that explain why cities around the world are eager for the economic stimulus, and the social casha that high borrow shows deliver. people see what happens in' that we have been part of. they don't understand that it's not just enough for art basel to come. the community has to step up. >> since bringing art basel to the beach, the art scene has exploded, putting pressure on the community to measure to that stage of excellence. when art bassel started there were six galleries. today there's over 140. >> this week the perez art museum miami opened its doors with its infusion of views of the bay and gardens. it promises to be as big a draw as

>> going back to big politics, asking you whether you see this as we transform ourselves into a global city. do you also see this handful of those who are willing and do you see them engaging in some of these global issues like global warming and the spread of epidemic diseases in these kinds of issues? or is the habit of this is a foreign policy strategy, will this develop any kind of systematic approach to these issues that we will surely have to impact in the long-term? >> yes, thank you. that's an excellent last question. small states in general often specialize in particular issues. and they become what might be called entrepreneurs. they specialize in a specific norm and then that becomes their area of expertise. norway, for example or other small states. they specialize in one particular issue. and it is no exception. qatar is no exception. at the same time i have mentioned this preoccupation. not only have they been very active in a dialogue of civilizations, but it is one of the main figures. ..

to go back to the mention of big politics and ask you whether you see qatar transform into the a global city but do you see it leading the elites with global issues like food security, global warming, spread of epidemics/diseases, or is the habit of hedging as a foreign policy strategy hendering qatar from significant approaches that would impact the future of the long term. >> thank you. excellent last question. small states in general specialize in particular issues and they become what might be n entripenuers and norway and other small states specialize in one particular issue. qatar is no exception. at the same time, qatar reputation with branding and it is interested and active in dialogue of civilization and traditional dialogue. and they are involved with other global figures to reverse this clash of civilization or at least remedy it in some way. they are a hub and

>> going back to big politics, asking you whether you see this as we transform ourselves into a global city. do you also see this handful of those who are willing and do you see them engaging in some of these global issues like global warming and the spread of epidemic diseases in these kinds of issues? or is the habit of this is a foreign policy strategy, will this develop any kind of systematic approach to these issues that we will surely have to impact in the long-term? >> yes, thank you. that's an excellent last question. small states in general often specialize in particular issues. and they become what might be called entrepreneurs. they specialize in a specific norm and then that becomes their area of expertise. norway, for example or other small states. they specialize in one particular issue. and it is no exception. qatar is no exception. at the same time i have mentioned this preoccupation. not only have they been very active in a dialogue of civilizations, other global figures trying to reverse this clash of civilization, global class of civilization, or to add remedies in some w

like every major global city quoted but as it's on the cloths men and women unable to afford the basics of life to four times a week. the queue up in front of them on the rail to see free food and medical care provided by a local charity. what makes the soup kitchen difference. some is on a slight head dress up the cuts the hair of the downtrodden for free. was it because um you wanted to blog abt me the top sentiments of time each of our block is on the cd she's the half. so not me i had to have his cheeks get it by going up then maybe maybe get a beating that be. well either. when it comes out every couple of months and cuts around the two peoples had time. so this is getting more popular as rising costs across the city forced more and more people to look for ways of making some savings and i seem to bite me in that i come here to see a few demands and free will has become a fool to bill's comments inquiries and haircuts. i might add me to skip a convenient for free mama. the on the ability of either not knowing no one what the heck consequences that might take that back in two of the

growth is global derived in cities. when we think about where big, urban populations, that is where you have big concentrations of wealth and concentrations of rising income. us is a waying for to make the grid better. use your electric power utilities better. >> we are talking about these water,rends -- transport, smarter cities. what does this mean as far as u.s. versus europe and u.s. versus china? necessarilynot based on, enough to own a company in the u.s. or china. they focus on global companies. from our view, we do prefer europe over the u.s. at this point from a tactical standpoint the cubs we are seeing a change at the margins that europe is going to vote -- standpoint because we are seeing a change at the margins. >> i am looking at this euro zone economic senses. you say that you gradually gdp will catch up. >> that tends to be a leading indicator. >> as for china, what are you seeing? >> they posted a strong gdp number in the last quarter. we do see that china is on a growth trajectory that can go to bad --

companies that have characterized previous generations. >> we're on our way to these mega cities, aren't we, these global mega cities. good to see you, stick around, we'll get more from you. marty, thank you very much for joining us. >> thank you. >>> dennis rodman apparently is now making his third visit to north korea and he says it's not to talk politics, but to play some basketball and visit his friend kim jong un. >> but i'm just telling you, don't be afraid, man. it's all love. it's all love here. and the people here, it's not about that. the only thing, like i said, hey, this country is pretty cool, man. it's pretty cool. >> former -- former basketball star touch down in pyongyang yesterday almost a week after kim jong unexecuted his uncle for planning a coup. >>> still to come, stay tuned. [ male announcer ] how can power consumption in china, impact wool exports from new zealand, textile production in spain, and the use of medical technology in the u.s.? at t. rowe price, we understand the connections of a complex, global economy. it's just one reason over 70% of our mutual funds beat their 10-y

global city leaders conversationshe on urban ideas shaping the world. new public safety technologies on how they impact privacy concerns. this is just over an hour. >> welcome. and bloomberg philanthropy. please welcome the president and chief executive officer of the aspen institute. privacy and new technology. the commissioner for the office of information and privacy. then the professor of law. hour. > > welcome, everybody. david bradley, our co-host. this is the most interesting of all panels because it's the thing that's changing most in our lives, which is how the boom in new technology and the innovations that we're facing impinge on our personal privacy and liberties. going to start with jane, jane helped found the aspen homeland security group in a nice restaurant in washington. she took me out with janet napolitano. and we started with a group to look at the very issues in aspen. tell me, jane, the whole new cyberexplosion, how is that affected the way you do homeland security? >> i think running concurrent to the expansion of the internet, wh

. >>> innovation city, we're taking a global city tour to bring you the innovations that happen to shape our lives. we're in copenhagen to look at technological devices in the health sector. louisa is joining us. nothing like being home, is it, louisa? >> reporter: it's wonderful being back. i've had loads of danish pastries. we're standing in a beautiful area. originally copenhagen was founded in the tenth century. this area, very old from the 17th and 18th century. used to be the harbor where all the vikings used to come in because it's a viking city. that's originally how it was founded, a fisherman city. we are talking about innovation from old to new and how about some hearing aid innovation? i'm putting my earpiece back in as i say that so i can hear you, ross. but did you know that half of the world's hearing aids are produced by this very small nation. many people don't know that. i'm with the ceo of resound to talk about the hearing aid technology. lars, good to see you. >> good to see you. >> so we were just talking in the studio about this tieup between apple and resound. what

a city like new york with 8 million people, a global marketplace, the financial and media center of the world may be unique, maybe have a set of opportunities and resources and challenges with relationship in state government is very different than the relationship that many cities have with their state governments. so in talking about this i think its important to also look at the fact that a baltimore or detroit or memphis may have a set of challenges and may not be exactly the same. as a new york or boston or washington, d.c. the other point that i think is important to make is the suburbs are in effect the citing, meaning that suburbs today whether it is the outskirts of a washington or new york or atlanta or suburban new orleans, have many of the problems of an urban community. they have challenges with schools. they have a growing economic divide, they have crumbling infrastructure. they have challenges with respect to crime. in that i believe is an opportunity for a different and new type of political coalition, if you will, and that is the city not in opposite, but the city's pl

global head of manages investments for city fought -- city private bank. you here. >> pleasure to be back. lou: quite a week. we did tapir. the markets did not shatter. instead, ty were enthusiastic. mile. what a week. >> it was a great weekend and that the really was capping the enthusiasm that has not kept the market. the fed to bring was really based upon the idea that there was sufficient growth for us to sortf break out of the gravitational pull of the recession of 2008. lou: the first number we look at is existing home sales down 4%. wait a minute. did you guessed it is wrong? then we get the real number. >>f you take a look at the real number, it is significantly higher. the homebuilder stocks today. they had an extraordinary day. people who are exporters will have extraordinary days. let me tell you what i think is behind this. is really a global story of veloping markets verses erging markets. take a look good growth in the united states, or 4 percent gdp, and even though that was driven somewhat by inventories, the fact that you take that cannot

the town has been hit hard by the global financial crisis. the industrial citysuffering falling wages and high unemployment. frustration is adding to the anti-roma sentiment. 100,000 people live in the city. 1/10 of them are roma. there are some roma who were ok, says this man. problem with them when they behave, adds his companion. i hate the roma, says this woman. this woman also has strong feelings. violence is not a solution, but we should throw the ones who do not work out of our country. people are czech citizens, so the idea of importing them is absurd. the pair pay a visit to his sister. they finished school and worked part-time as a school until she had her first child when she was 17. she now has three kids and her husband is on the hunt for work. family of five live in a one room apartment. family and friends are constantly dropping by. the home is a constant hive of activity. all of them survival in welfare benefits. people complain that we live off their tax money, he says, but if they would give us work, we could earn our own money. his sister chim

the club has been hit hard by the global financial crisis the industrial city is suffering falling wages and high unemployment the frustration is adding to the anti roma sentiment. one hundred thousand people live in the city. one tenth of them roma. amy there's some roma who are ok says this man it's the night with no problem with them when they became france's companions of effects to add to this the sun i hate the roma says this woman. in the heavens the tsunamis hit. much of this woman also has strong feelings of violence is not a solution but we should throw the ones that don't work out of our country. one dr niro are czech citizens so the idea of deporting them is absurd. the pair to visit two on his sister. and andrea finish school and work part time isn't clear until she had her first child when she was seventeen. she now has three kids and her husband is on the hunt for work the family of five lives any one room apartment family and friends are constantly dropping by. the home is a constant hive of activity almost all of them survive on welfare benefits sadly none of the guys at

we learn she's not only a local figure here in washington bg, ka she is a global figure and because of jim crow in d.c., the city that it was she purchased a property at

economists estimate that 10% of all global gdp growth will come from american cities in the coming decade. >> joining me now to talk about the health of our nation cities at a time of limited resources are from new orleans, , also from new orleans, the former mayor who is now president urgent urban league. james brook, program director of the national league of cities and from boston a reporter with wbur radio. james, you heard player bloomberg. he said the golden age of the suburbs is over, do the fact back him up? >> the facts are mixed. cities, i think, with mayors like mayor bloomberg and others who will be in office, the mayor in st. paul, the mayor in houston, who have had good tenure and good success, they continue to be a great and continuing source of real leadership in cities, in different parts of the united states. yes, there is a generational change in cities like new york and chicago and other places, but i think we have seen a lot of innovative creative leaders at a local level at a time when leadership is needed. i think that does help cities as you look forward some of th

it is a global issue it's not a russian issue and cities across the world have dealt with terrorist attacks like these and unfortunately volgograd this has happened here but a sober mood yes with the three days of mourning and there is a damper here on the city we do hear a little bit of fireworks in the background but not what you would expect on new year's eve but of course it's so you see what's actually hard for us to talk about it it's easy enough for us to talk about it but it's so tough for the families their memories and emotions so roll just going through this. you're absolutely right we were able to visit with the victim's family members who had them you know other family members die as well as victims who survived these attacks and in particular one young man the security officer who died the first victim of the terrorist attack r.t. was able to speak with his father earlier. this month i can't remember anything i was deafened by the blast we had almost reached the bus stop when the explosion went off it was like an electric shock all o

global economy. and only the imports city of durnovo have driven as almost malicious out of their town on a third day of mass protest crowds marched through the city calling for the proper enforcement of security by army and police at the same time a bomb exploded beneath the car of a former city council worker and he was one of the first of the town's leaders to quit amid a tyranny security there in a situated in the oil rich east of a country which recently you know actually proclaimed its in the pants leaving as oil exports sinking dramatically in the army is calling on protesters tooth and the occupation of oil fields their foreign investors are looking to exit libya hearing fearing further instability two years since the toppling of conall khadafi. well the country is not even able to satisfy its domestic needs for oil producing just fifty percent of what's required meantime corruption in lee is getting worse ranked one hundred seventy second in this year's index and authorities are losing grip of security with an estimated seven hundred armed groups operating in the country and out of around fo

someone has to take the lead as the world expand and global banks which includes citi and bank of america. jpmorgan in particular is probably the strongest of the group and they're going to take share from european banks. they will participate in asia and eventually they will, not just eventually, they're doing fine this year. they're doing fine the past two months. they will do fine going forward. when interest rates go up, their margins go up. i think whole banking sector, the banks will do just fine. lori: interest rates are going up to your point. that is great for the lending climate of financials. alan, nobody seems to be optimistic we'll see the run we had in stocks this year next year. i hate to keep going back to the fed but that i the foundation for that thesis. what do you think will be drivers for next year and will we retrace these monumental gains? >> i think we're going to be just keep moving ahead. 1925 is my next target in s&p. we have more upside. to get back to the financials i love jpmorgan. it is going to 64, 13% higher than we are now. xlf, whole financial sector, no

perceptions and a number of emerging markets noted reports and let's expect in the global economy and twenty four tea. the city had to bid farewell to two thousand thirteen the year in which confidence in the euro was restored and economic wreckage nine accelerated again on this emerging markets effort one of their worst economic crises in decades. so what about next year. economists project at that but steady growth in two thousand fourteen. recent economic indicators looking positive. the us federal reserve provided a concrete example of that optimism earlier in december when it decided to start scaling back its monetary stimulus based on the strength of three signals from the economy international entrees but also made then the project has been its projections for next years average rate to around three point six per cent for roughly two point nine percent this year however analysts say there are still some obstacles to overcome the corporations still unwilling to invest in the high unemployment rate in the us. and as for the world's second largest economy in mind that the forecast its economy and financial

global hubs. and why the city has become a base for a host of aid agencies working across east africa.ut all of this international engangment has also worked in the favor. the u.n. and other organizations have been keep to protect their investment and try to help resolve the crisis. >> according to one former diplomate, it has become a kind of virtuous diplomatic circle, staying out of trouble by helping the neighbors get out of trouble. >> you can see that's happening on the part of the kenya, quite effectively, by resisting any temptation to intervene militarily, in the conflicts that have been proven in our maying states. >> in late 2011, kenya's patience snapped the government orders it troops after somalis remember movement kidnap several tourists. the government sold the invasion as a way of securing the country's boarders. >> but after the attack on the western shopping mall, killing more than 60 people, the policy in the affairs of the neighbors is starting to look like a wise approach. al jazeera, nigh robe by. >> all right, let's get more news from europe now. here is marian

-- bruce ratner on global and new york city.5 reason for you to buy "bloomberg businessweek" this week. ♪ >> good morning, everyone. "bloomberg surveillance." it is a friday, so we have a deep philosophical twitter question out @bsurveillance. we know --you know you are sick of holiday shopping when -- >> fill-in the blank. >> there you go. >> i am tom keene with the twitter question of the day. i need help from scarlet fu. alix steel finish her holiday shopping in july, so she will not be asking the twitter question. bruce ratner is with us, chairman of the new york islanders. >> i'm not chairman of the islanders. wi-fi no, i am getting. when they play in -- >> no, i am kidding. >> we are going to bring our minor league back. >> all right. hockeyguys to talk about for a year. >> we could. >> tavarez. >> very good. >> shopping christmas in july. that sounds good. in final confirmation vote the senate on janet yellen to lead these federal reserve is set for january 6. senators will vote to advance the nomination today and take u

my guest is the global head of managed investment at citi private bank with 270 billion dollars in assets. welcome to the broadcast. you believe that 2014 will be the year of the illiquid because of returns from hedge funds and price to earnings ratios you believe will outperform. why so optimistic? >> we are optimistic on a couple of things. equities in general, this is a year will you -- a year where you will see synchronous growth for europe, the u.s., specifically japan and china. we like equities and we are overweight equities. the given what valuations are now, i think it is a time for alternatives, specifically hedge funds and private equity, which can provide you with different things -- different exposures. >> you have noted that there is a lot of money still sitting on the sidelines. why are wealthy investors holding onto so much cash? >> i think it is a residual fear factor from a long time ago. with the concerns of rising interest rates and their unwillingness to put that into fixed incomes, we tend to agree with that view. for certain sectors of the fixed income market, we th

you look at things that are getting the view of the global economy it's better. >> you're buying citi today? >> yeah. we bought it around 1550. i'm not going to pick the bottom but i'm happy to own it. >> we talked about ibm on the show. granted you could go old tech new tech and old market new market. i still think there is is a place for that. >> you're looking at cyclicals. i would like to see you get knocked down a bit more. i think we're in a paradime shift. i don't think that anything has hit the valuation. i'm looking at cyclicals and commodities. i'm not buying gold. gold was the real lizard. pretty mixed. it with us suz spending because of gold's current price. in terms of capital spenlding and just production. and also they cut back on their dividend. >> they find themselves, if environment was perfect for the guys. they had arising prices. the s&p 500 was rallying. what do they do? do they hedge? put hedges back on? they can't push any buttons to make their stocks go higher. they are clearly having their meetings and they have no answers right now. >> they do have a little

global president. hawaii is a cosmopolitan city. this is a good place to tell his international story. >> while hawaii can suffer from the stereotype of sun and sand with little substance, the sheer number of visitors makes the state a contender. >> 8 million tourists come through hawaii, mainly more the natural features - the beauty and the ocean, but they often look for something educational and civic as well. >> hawaii's vision for the presidential library is as big as the pacific ocean. >> the presidential library includes a library and museum. nowadays we have palliative of things that would enhance the line are and museum. one could be a policy school or institute and a learning academy looking at cultivating the next generation of thinkers and leaders. >> while history showed the presidential libraries are located in the commander in chief's home state, which has many looking to illinois, his political home town of chicago. hawaii's governor says the president's ties to the 50th state run deep. >> he took his first breath in

the global head of trading strategy at citi. here is a look at what else is coming up on "on the move." germansrotest slowdown -- amazon's german operations? >> i am francine lacqua in london. this is "on the move" on bloomberg television, radio, streaming on your tablet, your phone, and any windows phone as well. you can see this company down some seven percent after the company said it expects a weaker profit margin next year. this is something analysts were not expecting, which is why the stock is falling seven point five percent. workers at amazons german warehouse are on strike for a third day at the height of the christmas shopping season. they are demanding higher pay andbetter conditions. hans nichols joins us for more on the story. what is the situation like now? francine, inside these walls, inside the amazon interview shouldn't fulfillment center, it has been a hive of activity all night that is just starting to outside with these protesters. they are calling for a tariff agreement. they want higher wages, greater sec

. >> global burger domination. a new york city in the middle of an international expansion. we will bring you an inside look. >> that will be my lunch. ♪ >> not so long ago, the retail experience, the products you saw on store shelves and the prices you pay for all of that, they were largely a matter of gut instinct. the people who managed stores and restaurants are just getting -- guessing on what people wanted and what they were prepared to spend your it in the future, it will look different. all of the things are increasingly driven by big data. predictiveapplied technologies is on the forefront of the fascinating new field and he is here with us. >> happy new year. >> talk to us about big data and retail and restaurants and the customer experience and how it is changing those industries. >> you have hit it on the head, retailers, banks, consumer products, companies will tell you they are all trying to leverage a wealth of information that was never available to them to wear. >> how are they getting it? it has never been availa

over some other global headlines scuffles have broken out in mexico city between riot police and protesters angered by a dramatic hike in metro to get prices for millions of commuters the subways the only way to get to and from work in one of the world's largest metropolitan city. governments says the fare increases and is needed to stem financial losses and ease overcrowding. fighting has broken down the capital of south sudan leaving up to five hundred people dead and forcing thousands to flee their homes it provokes fears that the world's youngest country could sink back into civil war this comes as ten politicians have been arrested for supporting a failed coup attempt on sunday authorities say they're still hunting for a former deputy prime minister who they accuse of leading the attempt to overthrow the government. or had we look at the achievements of gone as economy and whether it's really brought change to the people there. street to street. or street e.g. we should try. an undercover team of journalists trying to release wiki leaks documents about see how the united states is tryi

city. there has been mudslides in 14 neighbourhoods. >> a global campaign to stop malaria has saved many lives. the world health organization added that results were down to better funding and commitment. >> this is a proven investment. for a $5 bed net, a test and a malaerial treatment we saved 3.3 million lives. we can save more than that, we can save every life from malaria. this one is called egypt's white gold and has been cultivated in the country. international competition and a lack of investment caused a decline. factories have been forced to close. >> this woman has been at work since sunrise, picking the cotton all day, earning her less than $5. as she explains, this is all she knows. >> i have been doing this ever since i was a child. we spent all day picking cotton. >> cotton was the cash crop in the nile delta and elsewhere. now the area of lands devoted to it is less than a quarter of what it was 20 years ago. >> october is the month in which egypt's cotton is collected and processed. the product in this field represents around $1,000 in value. the farmer will only get half of t