gorbachev had announced some liberalization as well. they were taking it, the polish were taking it even further, lech walesa, and haval and the czech republic were all starting to make moves towards liberalization, so it was all coming together. you throw that in with margaret thatcher's third term, the election, with the reagan speech. it was a coming together that was putting massive pressure on the so-called soviet union and all the states that they dominated, and under that gorbachev was trying to balance everything out. that's why i told the story about governor's island, because it was all coming to bear on him. but you're absolutely right. those are some of the other parts that were so fundamental and so important to ultimately the wall coming down a year and a half later. thank you. >> the clip mentioned earlier that it was the citizens of germany that tore down the wall, but if that line hadn't been left in the speech, in your expert opinion, how do you think president reagan would have been remembered? >> i think he would hav

gorbachev, tear down this wall. mr. gorbachev, open the gate. it didn't receive great coverage in america, but i think the american people understood that their forceful, direct president was about to have a major breakthrough. >> and it did have a tremendous impact certainly in the long run. in the immediate aftermath of it, what was the reaction in germany and the united states? >> most of the reaction was that we were a little bit too belligerent, that we had maybe taken some steps to undermine gorbachev and his efforts at glasnost and perestroika, that we were on tender soil, but it fit in very much with the ronald reagan of the evil empire on the one hand, and on the other hand let's hold out some hope. if you look at the whole speech, it is one of hope and liberalization and trust and encouragement and standing together in this fight against totalitarianism. this is not supposed to be, and wasn't, what we thought a provocative speech but rather one that held out an olive branch. if you truly want liberalization, if you're truly serious, it

gorbachev, open this gate! [ cheers and applause ] mr. gorbachev, mr. gorbachev, tear down this wall! [ cheers and applause ] i understand the fear of war and the pain of division that afflict this continent and i pledge to you my country's efforts to help overcome these burdens. to be sure, we in the west must resist soviet expansion. so, we must maintain defenses of unassailable strength. yet, we seek peace. so, we must strive to reduce arms on both sides. beginning ten years ago, the soviets challenged the western alliance with a grave new threat, hundreds of new and more deadly ss-20 nuclear missiles capable of striking every capital in europe. the western alliance responded by committing itself to a counter deployment. unless the soviets agree to negotiate a better solution, namely the elimination of such weapons on both sides, for many months, the soviets refused to bargain in earnestness. as the alliance, in turn, prepared to go forward with its counter deployment, there were difficult days, days of protests, like those during my 1982 visit to th

she had a position with the american enterprise institute, and then you get to period where gorbachevomes to power and ingstatueloin errondimy e etun. that was the fever chart of her inability to really understand that the soviet union was on its way down and you know, the things that she and reagan had donetogether had precipitated risth they do now had sought. she couldn't believe it because you know she was well schooled in marxist leninist theory and practice so she saw this gornment aai vi stend a re, could be argued that gorbachev was reagan's creation anyway, that he was a desperate attempt on the part of the soviet system to withstand disorder fre armoan teraanmlornt oree t reagan term. jeane saw him as a sinister leninist figure who was tring to rehabilitate and modeize the leninist system and th s kind of ckedff ft. e tssn and was very kind of charmed by him in a funny sort of way as well as affirmed by sakharov and all these dissidents he came running up to her and said oh thank, k . niswn every criminal, poitical criminal in the gulag and thank you for all you have done ch

saw this government as ineffably devious, sinister, and she was sure -- it could be argued that gorbachev was reagan's creation. a desperate attempt on the part of the soviet system to withstand this sort of rearm ament, literal and moral rearmament that occurred in the first reagan term, and jeanne couldn't see that. she saw him as kind of a sinister, kind of leninist figure, who was trying to rehabilitate and modernize this leninist system, and she kind of backed off from that. and met him and win to russia in 1987 and was very kind of charmed by him in a funny sort of way as well as affirmed by sack raf and all of these disdepends who ran up to her and said, thank you, thank you. your names known by every criminal -- so-called political criminal in the gulag. thank you for all you have done. so she was affirmed by the dissidents and all these people imprisoned in the gulag, and also charmed by gorbachev. she just couldn't get it into her mind that -- she kept thinking that the hardliners would re-assert themselves and when somebody who was thankfully disappeared from history, ligachev,

when somebody who is thankfully disappeared from history, when he suddenly arose in the gorbachev areas a sort of possible return to communism from the she was sure he would win. it wasn't until the soviets, probably in late 1988 as i recall, admitted the truths about the massacre and she got okay, the jig is really a peer. that is a step to admit that, you know, this massacre had occurred because of stalinism. they can't stand back from that. they began to finally -- she didn't believe in this notion the neocons were promoting. the next-generation neocons were promoting about the end of history. to her that history would never end until she saw the state driven through the heart of the communist party. >> and so you just mentioned the second wave of the neoconservatives. so when the bush administration came to power in the end it obviously the soviet union then broke with colleagues, intellectual soulmates over the war in iraq and what followed from that. why did she do that? >> i don't think that's so boring as ever in their way -- he was a neoconservative in the sense that -- to jea

it reminds me of one time when i was playing the fairmont hotel, gorbachev from russia with here andle united states and in front of the company could tell, i was listening to him speak about san francisco. he said, "i traveled to every city in the united states, and i was disappointed with what i saw. there was not one city that i liked, but as far as i'm concerned, san francisco is so beautiful that i would like to design 15 cities in russia that look like san francisco." [laughter] and he was right. [applause] my wonderful wife, my family is here. i'm thrilled. thank you very much. i must say -- excuse me, i have to mention one thing. i have never seen anything in my life as beautiful as these young people. [applause] you stand so beautiful. [applause] -- you sang so beautiful. [applause] >> it is tony bennett day in san francisco. [applause] just fantastic. now, before we leave here today, just one more time, let's hear that special song one more time, now performed by the talented san francisco gay men's chorus, who will be joined by -- yes -- who will be joined by all of our pe

gorbachev, tear down this wall! (cheers and applause) >> jon: that is an exact audio recording. (laughter) of course you don't always need peer pressure, sometimes you can bend americans to your will with brute force as what happened to an icon in london. >> bruce springsteen, paul mccartney. over the weekend they thrilled fans at a concert in london. that is until organizers pulled the plug (audience reacts) >> jon: you (bleep)ed with the wrong dude. (laughter) they cut springsteen's mic three hours into the show? that's half time! how could you do this? >> apparently the folks who live here in the affluent neighborhood surrounding hyde park who have demanded a noise curfew and this concert had gone past the time limit prompting someone to shut them down. >> jon: oh, it was angry old rich people. (laughter) came out of their houses and went "you kids! turn down that!" oh, i'm sorry, you're 70. i didn't realize. (laughter) let me tell you something, england, nobody puts brucey in a corner! springsteen gets to sing as long as he wants as loud as he wants and there's nothing that

gorbachev and mr. de klerk who manage the transition with the soviet union or apartheid, there's a way to get syria to manage a peaceful transition. that would be my message. in the interesting discussion i had with the students this morning, and i have to say it was a more interesting discussion -- i congratulate them for that. [applause] one message i try to pass -- war is not glamorous and war is not a game. there is nothing like creating war. it is not because you don't have boots on the ground that he did not have blood on the ground. there is nothing virile about war. [applause] >> these questions are coming from the audience. this is by robert. how does the environment impact their prospects for global peace? >> the impact of climate change firstly are not going to be uniform. there are certain vulnerable locations, sir and vulnerable communities. -- certain vulnerable communities. they will be hit the worst. 95 of deaths have taken place in the developing world. if you look at the increase in t

so one example if you were in a school in chicago earlier today, president gorbachev was there and he was talking about where he grew up and it was one of the most impoverished areas i think it would be fair to say of russia and raised by pezzents. can you speak a little bit to youth here and around the world who are watching this about the opportunities that are out there and how someone who thinks, well, i came from plains, georgia or i came from a small town in poland, what can one person do? what can they do? >> i think that certainly we should speak about things that have been achieved and they are pofrpblt freedom of speech, freedom of association. if there is a protest, the protest, while it may sometimes go too far but we should preserve the ability of the people the right of people to peacefully protest and that's a great responsibility too. on all of us, on the current generation. what i would like to say is this. i think the government in many countries now understand the importance of youth in every country. we have recently had an election campaign and today there are som

gorbachev, tear down that wall. (cheers and applause) (laughter) >> jon: that, my friends, is how it's done. that's how you take a few seconds of obama video, turn it into a rich soup of decontextualized imagery designed to bypass the frontal cortex and go straight to the amygdalas of old people. (laughter) triggering cascades of dopamine and giving them all a giant reagan boner. (laughter) that's why they'y' (cheers and applause). >> jon: welcome back! you know, there's been a lot of talk recently about bullying and the people who have it coming. (laughter) but the struggles of one group of bullying targets has not been recognized: presidential candidates. both have had campaign rallies marred by a variety of hecklers. >> you need somebody... (shouting) >> it was not... it's my turn to speak, you've had your turn. hold on my friend. >> we are... (shouting) (boos) >> mitt romney, you're a racist! mitt romney, you're a racist! mitt romney, you're a racist! mitt romney, you're a racist! mitt romney, you're... (cheers

when president ronald reagan met h mikhail gorbachev.chev was shocked, shocked out of his mind that ronald r reagan said to him, you know, if the martians ever invade the earth you and me would be allies in the fight against the martians. well, gorbachev later wrote that he was floored by that comment, but you know something, ronald reagan was probably right, if we are ever invaded by the martians or some civilization, we would hunker down and get together to fight off the martians. >> and finally, you think that if we are approached by extraterrestrials, it would be likely friendly, because they have resources other places in the universe? it is that we would have common similarities with the other bodies according to your research? >> well, they would leave us alone. if you are walking down a country road and you see ants and you say, i bring you trinkets and beads, or wouldou leave the ants they would be peaceful, i believe, because they have thousandses of years to work out the racism, and fundamentalism, and sectarianism, and so for

so essentially some of the critics are saying that anybody from the amnesty international to the gorbachev fund down to the russian orthodox church could be branded a foreign agent and they say the law needs more definition however the proponents are saying that there is nothing negative about this law that there is a dire need for stricter regulations on the noncommercial organizations on their operations in russia they are saying that this is basically a way to prevent these organizations from pushing for an agenda in russia's internal politics politics something which of course is an acceptable to any country not just russia and speaking about that they're also saying that this law has almost been taken word for word from the american wall the fairer the foreign agents regulation which which has been in existence from one thousand nine hundred thirty s. and of course the lawmakers are saying hey if you look at the country which brands itself a beacon of democracy like the united states and they have a similar law why shouldn't russia have something in place as well so this is basically

gorbachev, tear down this wall. >>> the wall did come down about a year later.d it made ronald reagan look pretty good. but reagan was just a man, right? and he's not even with us today, so how does he help us now? well, it appears some republican politicians believe there's some kind of problem solving nation protecting magic power in invoking the very name ronald reagan, in uttering the words ronald reagan. you can just say ronald reagan like a spell, and wonderful things begin to happen. in the 2008 presidential campaign, former massachusetts governor mitt romney introduced his reagan zone of economic freedom. not the romney zone of economic freedom, mr. romney does not have that sort of power yet. it was the reagan zone of economic freedom. president obama in his foreign policy team have pursued a misbehavior to the world trade organization to try to stop china from cheating wherever possible and question their human rights, but romney thinks that turns america into a door mat. he thinks president obama is letting china walk all over him. he would not push c

yohave to read through this stf antake aooalot h as x against fascism but gorbachev said you never would have brought down the soviet union without john paul ii. margaret thatcher and ronald reagan werke. people in the soviet union who is w . peoin st n weesnte joau we went to his native homeland in 1979 he set the reco strght. e soets ew ts waa re om pteg what to do. listened to the way they speak. prudential the he did what he could at the time until they mmm thch ono get ridf it t mh abt crusades and the spanish inquisition i take from head on. the catholic church had almost nothing to do with the inquisition. the inquisition was conducted moly by secular authorities, opleike e ki roy deesopay nooy te they were critical of the catholic church and the crusades were a defensive reaction against muslim of freshen. e muslm world didn't even use the word crusade until the eye irsh t ht against what they regarded as the infidels. i want to set the record straight on that as well. the sectionn temperance deals with marriage, family and sexually, the necessity of restraint. is is serio qstn b

gorbachev, tear down this wall. >> i think presidents love lighting up the world but some have a tougherristmas tree. it comes with their job but i don't think they flip over that part of the job. don't get me wrong, barack obama certainly can sing. >> ♪ i am so in love with you ♪ [ applause ] >> who knew that president bush could dance? ♪ ♪ >> frankly most of the guys fancy themselves of top dogs making history and not promoting hot dog eating contestants making themselves sick. that's part of the job i suspect some like the mayor, they don't relish. but to avoid get kicked in the buns they move their buns to honor tradition or pardon the turkey because they'd look foul if they didn't. it's part of bag leader. never removing yourself too far from a tur. i can it keeps you humble. on this fourth of july it beats the alternative. having your loyal subjects think you're just oh, i don't know, a weenie. i

then we are going to see -- who would have thought that he would turn towards the close of gorbachev. i like to think they are going to get into a process with iran. but wewill find out pretty soon i think. thanks. [applause] >>> recently booktv asked our tour follows with a plan on reading this summer. here are some of their tweets. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

and yet then you get to the period where gorbachev comes to power, and things start to unravel both in easterneurope and ultimately inhe sie her ng onme ustthinct communist systems also could change and could be, you know, degraded andchange. and, um, she didn't really believe it in the beginning, did she? >> guest: well, she had trouble pu t w yes fornswle osea ueshs g syndicated column in the period from roughly 1985 until 1992 or 1993, and that syndicated column is a kind of fever chart o r th soonwas on its way down. and, you know, the things that she and reagan had done together had precipitated the crisis, you know, that they, you know, had sought. she st dn'e he dnel ica y owe wel slein marxist leninist theory and practice. >> host: yeah. >> guest: so she saw this government as, you kow, enfeoff my devious,inister, and she was sure -- you know, itould beguatorev w anren wat as desperate attempt on the part of the soviet system to withstand the sort of rearmament, literal and moral rearmament, that had ourred in the first reag term. andane codn'teeat e imasuknki sst,ki a leninist

gordon gorbachev, tear ds wall. >> bill: berlin wall divided germany for 28 years in what year did it8. c, '89. d, 90. cards up please. yeah. okay. wise guy. i'd slap him with that card if i were you. he's mocking you! c is correct. they both get it right. '89. i was there, by the way. i was on that wall when -- absolutely. i was speaking etruskit. a wise guy today. do we have the electricity? all right. mocking uma, how could you? question 3, 2004, film "the passion of christ" details the life and teachings of jesus. >> bill: they were speaking aramaic. some of the oldest lessons about good and evil come from the bible. judas made the ultimate betrayal when he gave information to the romans that led to the capture of jesus. what was the bribe that judas took? a, 20 piece of gold. b, a government position, c, a farm. d, 30 piece of silver. what did judas take? roll the tape. >> bill: all right. 30 piece of silver. uma got it wrong. >> i was thinking goldline. >> bill: you both got it wrong. two to go. 1977 tv series "roots" reminded the country of the horrific conditions the slaves en

reform, which was major, and then the whole cold war and the whole way he had shoulder stowaways gorbachev and the soviets seemed like a major accomplishment. the second question about reagan on this media age, how do we learn that we did not know about about how badly off uis with gw after he got gw hospital after he got shot and potential for manipulation, color which you want unpresidential help is about as bad now as it was when woodrow wilson was president. >> they certainly try to keep it quiet. >> are you saying you think reagan's second term might've been better than his first term? >> i just think it was pretty substantial and that's what historians are pushing it out, plus the other criterion of getting h.w. elected in its wake. >> i think you make a very good point. i think reagan is going to be included in the leaders of this to me as i say. he is headed that direction and i believe that he is a very consequential president. either the two greatest of the 20th century were franklin roosevelt and ronald reagan and one was probably the most liberal and the other was most conserva

gorbachev, tear down this wall -- >> i don't rate that -- >> is the phraseology that you would like remembered berlin, the people of the world, this is our moment, this is our time? >> sean: now, let's take a look at brian williams' interview where he, among other things, he asked romney about his tax returns -- are you hiding something? and hen he asks, you are going to pick a boring white guy? i swear... let's reverse the questions. watch this. >> on to another topic and that is your taxes. you can say your decision is firm, that you will not do a walk-back between now and the convention, now and the fall election, that there will be no returns, more returns released by mitt romney? >> i am following the same precedent that was put in place by john mccain. two years -- and by the way, hundreds of pages of returns. >> you know what happens in the real world. people hear, he's not going to release his returns and they wonder why. thatr they wonder, is there a year where he paid noy no taxes. they wonder about expensive horses and houses and what have you. i will ask you another way, what is it

think of the tax reform which is a major and then the whole cold war and the hallway they dealt with gorbachev and the soviets and their commander, asman. the second question even in this media age, have we learned that we did not know a lot about how badly off he was at gw after he got gw hospital after yes, shot? the potential for manipulation, presidential health is about as bad now as it was when woodrow wilson was president. >> historians are pushing them up, plus the other criterion of getting a seventh elected in this week. >> yes. yes. well, i think you make the very, very good point. i think reagan is going to be included in the leaders of destiny. he is heading in that direction. and i believe that he is very consequential president. the to present -- to greatest work franklin roosevelt. one was probably the most liberal president and the other is the most conservative. on the question of the secrecy of itself and that's a very good point. i think it did come out during his presidency. it will there were not able to bury it into history and all of it. things were little different. yo

. >> one of the thing this is's missing in the market is retail investor and nyse mikhail gorbachev theark pools that they think gets the better of them. do you think it levels the playing field? >> it should. it caused the retail investor, listen, making some brokers angry as the headline said today in the paper. >> sure. >> they're not people like me. the retail broker angry because they take the order flow and sell it to the initialization engines and for the individual investor it is a much more level playing field and force them to come here to transparent and open market. >> exactly. >> which is better for them. >> retail investor thought that the game is rigged and maybe takes that element out of it. >> all the stuff goes in to the dark pools, institutional or retail and so it all needs to -- they need to shine the light on the all thing all over again. we could spend the hour talking about that. >> maybe there's a special in that. >> i'm ready. >> thanks a million. ty, back to you. >> sue, thanks very much. >>> while the usa celebrated our independence from the british yesterday

president gorbachev very likely said that there is also the conflict on nature and this is where we need to bring about change. in my view there is nothing more effective than creating awareness. einstein said problems can be solved a the level of awareness that has created them. and today we have awareness and therefore we should be able to create major dissemination of information by which people are equipped to handle these problems. otherwise there will be a very serious effect there will be this conflict in different parts of the world, and all of that will get exacerbated with climate change. >> very good. professor, this is from josh. he's curious -- it's a big question. how is it possible for us to reduce poverty if we are not going to change society's standards for poverty? >> if you look from the human-rights issue since you are discussing that, you can get poverty as the denial fall human right to food, right to shelter, right to work and you name it they all denied and that is what is all about. once you understand that from the human-rights issue it should be the top priorit

agrees or not, dealing with the cold war, being able to finally bring about that partnership with gorbachevowed, the fact that people felt optimistic during his time, the economy got better. i mean the debt that grew up is a problem. everybody has cons. but i must say the more i look back on reagan, he is a transformative figure. >> isn't it fascinating as you look at the two great presidents of the 20th century, remember once reading a george will line, we are now all children of fdr. 25 years later you have to say we are children of fdr and reagan, as is always the case with america, there's the great synthesis and the great synthesis of these two great leaders. >> is really important what you say because only recently were people willing to embrace fdr who were conservatives or republicans. when the monument went up, the moment newt gingrich and robert dole all these people saying this was a great president and i think now, too, we're looking at ronald reagan. those of us who are democrats or liberals and able to look back at him and say the same thing. somewhere in the middle comes an a

a concert like this would have been impossible before mikel gorbachev instituted his openness. for hormel. >> this company has produced 4 billion spam cans since 1937. somebody out there has to be eating it. >> another part of town can't forget the prolonged and bitter strike at the hormel meat packing plant where spam is made. >> everything i believe in is celebrated on the fourth of july. i don't believe in spam. >> we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor. >>> spam was a little different then. 3.6 cans what was it a second. >> 3.6 spam e-mails a second. >> a minimum. >> at the minimum. >> it is really outrageous is it not? >> in any event, we enjoy he will brating freedom. >>> nice to have you join us on day two. people are spending times with friends and family but to remember why we have this day each year. a lot of people going to parades, placing a flag on the grave of a loved one who served their country. a great day is ahead. >>> happy fourth to you, my friend. >> happy fourth. a pleasure to spend the morning with you. >> absolutely