what is gorbachev going to do? >> this was the show of mikhail gorbachev's show and tell day.rade through the heart of east berlin. he preached reform and offered a gorbachev proverb. those being late, he said, will be punished by life itself. >> gorbachev felt he could put a happy face on socialism, that he could modify it. but the freedom genie got out of the bottle and couldn't get it back in. >> the time has run out for honecker. leader of east germany. he resigned today. the official reason given was poor health. political unrest made the change inevitable. >> the people have their government on the run. today, in the bid to convince people that he's serious about reform, the easterman leader, who has had the job for less convince all of the members of the government he inheritethey the question is this, what next? >> the pressure on the east german government was getting enormous. and as part of the kind of package to present themselves as human, there had been a resolution passed which is going to introduce new rules about immigration. he went to this press conference,

street in germany that says reagan street or reagan plaza, although he was the guy in ‘87 who said, "gorbachevtear down this wall". but you have lots of kennedy statues and so forth. but i must say, to come back to polly‘s characterisation, i totally agree with the nature of his speech. but that in itself leads me to a positive conclusion, that he will unite, not americans so much, because he didn't do much to do that in his speech, but he will unite europe. nato will begin to understand that

however, what we know is the potential reykjavik summit, echoing 1986 between reagan and gorbachev might be happening between trump and putin quite soon. if you ask me to say something positive about putin as a bbc employee, i can't do either. but i can say what russian television has been saying about trump, and the positive thing is they call him "the man of his word" and that's interesting in itself. politicians generally say they don't know what is going to happen really, because there is nothing to say anything concrete about his policies moving forward. but what they are definitely saying, because the tide is changing,

mikhail gorbachev, of course, was the last soviet leader. he did win the nobel peace prize in 1990 as his country collapsed and when you win a nobel peace prize you get a medal, you go to a big ceremony in norway, you give a big speech but you also get a big pile of money. and it's interesting. that nobel peace prize mikhail gorbachev won in 1990 it was worth a little more than a half million dollars in today's money and one of the things he decided to do with his nobel peace prize money is he bought some office supplies. he bought some very early computers and printers and other office equipment and he bought that stuff because he decided he would use his nobel peace prize winnings to set up a new newspaper in russia. and that literally was its name. "new newspaper." that paper got off the ground in 1993, independent paper with an investigative bent. came into its own over the course of the '90s as the old soviet union became the new kleptocratic oligarch-run russia and as an intense little man named vladimir putin rose from the kgb to be t

is, that president gorbachev is different from previous soviet leaders. i think i think he knows some of the things wrong with his society and is trying to fix them. we wish him well, and we'll continue to work to make sure that the soviet union that eventually emerges from this process is a less threatening. what it all boils down to is this. i want the new closeness to i want the new closeness to continue. and it will as long as we make it clear that we will continue to act in a certain way as long as they continue to act in a helpful manner. if and when they don't, at first pull your punches. if they persist, pull the plug. it's still trust but verify. it's still play, but cut the cards. it's still watch closely, and don't be afraid to see what you see. i've been asked if i have any regrets. well, i do. the deficit is one. i've been talking a great deal about that lately. but tonight isn't for arguments, and i'm going to hold my tongue. but an observation i've had my share of victories in the congress, but what few people noticed is that i never won an

gorbachev, tear down this wall. >> reagan left office after eight years as an historic success. final week in office, ronald reagan had surprised just about everyone. >> did you begin to think, gee, maybe a lucky star is hovering over ronald reagan? >> whether i called it luck or answer to prayers, i realized that i was very blessed. >> well there's a long list of possibilities. >> reporter: i have covered 24 conventions. >> we'll have to wait and see if donald trump captures the republican party he will change things profoundly for the gop. >> in 2004, i first interviewed an illinois state senator named barack obama. >> i think the biggest issue is restoring a sense of hope and possibility among voters. >> election nights are my favorite. >> let's go back to the 2000 election. there's a lot to talk about that one of course, but what strikes on your mind? >> well, in 2000 tim russert and i were like brothers. and we were morning, noon, and night political junkies. so we had -- we could finish each other's sentences. that night, of course, was the whackiest night i've ever been o

this echoes the famous reykjavik encounter between reagan and gorbachev 30 years ago. the summit may have failed but it did open the way for the eventual arms reduction. u.s.he man tipped as ambassador to the eu says history can be repeated. >> i think there will be a summit in reykjavÍk even, which is quite interesting, not unlike the summit between reagan and gorbachev decades ago, where people were equally pessimistic and yet what resulted? frankly, the end of the cold war. we need an end to this cold war. james: but nato remains worried. donald trump is calling the western military alliance obsolete. what does that mean for america's new deployment of heavy armor to poland? could it be reversed? french president hollande expressed his frustration. nde: europe will always be ready to pursue thessalonica cooperation but it phone --etermined by it's own rallies. james: those staging the inauguration may be engaged in reversals, but were leaders are concerned about the real president trump, how he will translate baffling words into action. james robbins, bbc news. laur

be celebrations in the united states and britain, that gorbachev had won, even if we had not gotten the russians do, with respect to interfering with voting and so forth. one of the things we are seeing here, americans come slowly —— as a nation, taking effective efforts at imposing and fighting something which we're challenging. and we are still at the beginning stages of this. churchill said the americans always do the right thing, but unfortunately only after they have exhausted all the other possibilities. you have to realise we are exhausting possibilities now, give us time, and i think we will organise things in such a way that we protect our ballot and help others protect theirs. take us inside the mindset which you know so well of senior intelligence chiefs, the cia, who have heard their commander—in—chief reject the explanation that they have offered, what kind of relationship lies in store for donald trump and the cia now? they are big boys and girls and they take a lot of criticism, it is very popular in the united states politically, if anything comes up that remotely de

not unlike the summit between reagan and gorbachev some decades ago where people were equally pessimistic, frankly the end of the cold war. and we need an end to this cold war. but nato remains worried. donald trump is still calling the western military alliance obsolete. so what could that mean for america's new deployment of heavy armour to poland to deter any russian threat? could it be reversed? tonight, france's president hollande expressed his frustration. translation: europe will always be ready to pursue transatlantic cooporation but it will be determined by its own interests and values. europe doesn't need outside advice to tell it what it has to do. those staging friday's inauguration may be anxious to learn lessons from their rehearsals but signs are world leaders remain worried about the real president trump, how will he translate sometimes baffling words into action? james robbins, bbc news. china has also reacted strongly to mr trump's latest pronouncements. state media in beijing said china would take off the gloves and take strong action if mr trump continued to provoke be

the plane that process and it was really basically a trilateral endeavor of bush, and gorbachev opposed by as we recall, but it was responding to events, so there are numbers of good examples when this works, but if you go back and say, at least in the case i'm most familiar with, which is the one i just mentioned, it was because of the trust in baker and the cheney and brent and the president worked their way through tactical disagreements without a bump. that's what it takes to implement the kind of policy and the examples we have been using and we will see if the trumpet administration is capable of that skin that one other thing on this. that trust actually went down level of the administration. you bob and others working in that team equally trustworthy and worked as well, so it's bringing the interagency process and the trust down through the levels of government and that is absolutely critical. >> that was one of the problems with the george w. bush administration where you had the -- people of the top level when all the way down with people. >> in the obama administration, that

basically created the policy of going as fast as one could toward german unification and evolving gorbacheveply in that process. so is really basically trilateral endeavor to bush, cole, gorbachev opposed as we recall but it was responding to events. so there are of good examples when this works. if you go back to say the case i'm most familiar with which is the 1i just mentioned it was because of the trust in baker and cheney brent and the president worked their way through tactical disagreements without a bump. that's what it takes to implement the policy and the examples we have been using and we will see if the trump administration is capable of that. >> and amplify one other thing on this, that trust went down the level of the administration they have you working with others and that team equally trustworthy worked as well. so spring in the interagency process and the trust down through the levels of government that is absolutely critical. >> i think i was one of the proms with the george w. bush administration the first term. no one. >> that level of confidence and cooperation and tru

mikhail gorbachev, of course, was the last soviet leader. he did win the nobel peace prize in 1990 as his country collapsed and when you win a nobel peace prize you get a medal, you go to a big ceremony in norway, you give a big speech but you also get a big pile of money. and it's interesting. that nobel peace prize mikhail gorbachev won in 1990 it was worth a little more than a half

will be a summit in rakitic which is quite interesting, not unlike the summit between reagan and gorbachevre equally pessimistic and yet what resulted? frankly the end of the cold war. and we need an end to this cold war. donald trump is still calling the western military alliance of nato obsolete, so what could that mean for the new deployment of heavy armour to poland to deter any russian threat? could it be reversed ? to deter any russian threat? could it be reversed? francois hollande expressed his frustration. translation: europe will already be ready to pursue transatlantic operation. europe does not need outside advice to tell it what it has to do. those staging the inauguration may be anxious to learn lessons from their rehearsals but signs are world leaders remain worried about the real president trump. how will he translate sometimes baffling words into action? china has also reacted strongly to mr trump's latest pronouncements. state media in beijing said china would ‘take off the gloves‘ and take strong action if mr trump continued to provoke beijing over taiwan. mr trump broke

however, what we know is the potential reykjavik summit, echoing 1986 between reagan and gorbachev mightening between trump and putin quite soon. if you ask me to say something positive about putin as a bbc employee, i can't do either. but i can say what russian television has been saying about trump, and the positive thing is they call him "the man of his word" and that's interesting in itself. politicians generally say they don't know what is going to happen really, because there is nothing to say anything concrete about his policies moving forward. but what they are definitely saying, because the tide is changing, they think actually making trump think about america only is actually good for russia, because first, it means that russia can go and again start asserting its influence on the former soviet republics in the area. if you look at the russian wish list to president tump, it's actually not going to be dissimilar to trump's possible agenda, maybe apart from middle east, where syria is one thing, but actually long—term middle east strategy for russia and america are quite differe

it was born out of utterly unanticipated he event which was gorbachev and loosening over control of eastern europe and the consequences. and the president, in this case, the president and brent in the spring of 1989 seeing these events, basically created the policy of going as fast as one could toward german unification and involving gorbachev deeply in that process and helmut kohl and basically it was a trilateral effort of bush, kohl, and gorbachev and opposed as we recall, thatcher and mitterrand. it was responding to events. there are numbers of good examples when this works, but if you go back to say, well, what, i think, at least in the case i'm most familiar with, which is the one i just mentioned, it was because of the trust in baker and cheney and brent and the president, workedded their way through tactical disagreements without a bump. and, that is what it takes to implement the kind of policy that, and the examples we've been using, and we'll see if the trump administration capable of that. >> amplify one of the things bob mentioned, that trump went down levels of the administra

gorbachev said that. as thousands and then tens of thousands of russians took to the streets saying "russia without putin." this was a big deal. this was maybe going to be the end of putin. i mean, people wouldn't even have to overthrow him. this was december, 2011, he was about to stand for president in march just a few months later and there's the country rising up against him, feeling like he's this corrupt thief who just rigged the election to stay in power and even still was only barely able to do it as the country turned against him. it was an incredible moment, the kind of moment that could have changed the course of world events. but you know what? vladimir putin, he took that moment and he grabbed it by the neck and squeezed, as he is wont to do. he sent security forces, including the military, into the streets to arrest russians by the thousands. opposition political figures picked up and jailed. the kremlin organized counterprotests that turned into running street battles between pro-putin sort

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in the 1980s, the soviet union has a reform-minded leader, mikhail gorbachev. we have ronald reagan and theea two worked to improve relations. by the time i arrive in berlin in the early 1980s as young u.s. army intelligence officer, the red army has 20 divisions facing the west. it is the height of the cold war and berlin is a hotbed of intelligence activity, now called the spy capital of the world. all sorts of intelligence activity on both sides of the berlin wall are being employed and i was given the job of leading intelligence collection missions into east berlin where we went into the east in teams of two to spy on the soviets. in the book i share a little bit about the teams that did this work, the risk and dangers that came with the job including car chases, detentions, aggressive actions on the parts of the soviets and east germans who were targeting us constantly. stasi archive researchers were even able to come up with photos of my operations, of stasi agents surveilling me and my teams. those pictures are also in theos book. incredibly while i was

gorbachev was different.he was going to open up the soviet union and change and he did in the walking down. now, vladimir putin was a different soviet leader. vladimir putin is a throwback to the old days. he comes right out of the lenin, stalin, kgb playbook and he's a throwback to the cold cold war. he's an intelligence apparatus. grew up in the kgb. they manipulate people. he takes advantages of people's weaknesses. there's no doubt in my mind he was behind the hacking during our election and things of that nature, so you have to understand who you're dealing with and deal with them in a strong, fair and tough way and if he thinks he-- he wants to do with the soviet leaders have wanted to do since lenin and that is expand their borders so they are not up against western democracy on their own borders, so that's why he's pushing, you know, to the west end trying to push back and regain some of the territory that constituted the old warsaw pact nations, so we need to be realistic. we have to deal with him in

gorbachev, tear down this wall.e in your digestive system? try align probiotic. for a non-stop, sweet treat goodness, hold on to your tiara kind of day. get 24/7 digestive support, with align. the #1 doctor recommended probiotic brand. now in kids chewables. >> mr. gorbachev, tear down this wall. john: many americans consider ronald reagan a hero of freedom -- [ applause ] . john: and this audience does? he confronted the tyranny of the soviet union. the wall did come down and the soviet empire crumbled soon after. reagan's actions played a part, but lots of people took big risks to fight communism. larry reed heads the foundation for economic education. and you went to a bunch of countries to spread subversive literature? >> that's true. back in the 80s before the fault of berlin wall and the evil empire as president reagan termed it, i visited a number of the countries and made contact with people who were active in the underground, anti-communist resistance elements in places like poland. john: tell the blinking

to the example of president reagan, who, during his negotiations with his opposite number mikhail gorbachevby the adage — trust, but verify. with... applause with president putin, my advice is to engage, but beware. noticeable as well, her praise for the republicans and president trump's controversial win. because of what you have done together, because of that great victory you have won, america can be stronger, greater and more confident in the years ahead. even before she touched down though, theresa may had a taste of how much political trouble closeness to president trump could cause. number ten believes the risk is worth it, because there's a big opportunity as well, but this new friendship could cause fireworks. every time donald trump's speaks his mind. like suggesting torture, banned under british and international law, works. i want to do everything within the bounds of what you're allowed to do legally, but do i feel it works? absolutely i feel it works. the prime minister was adamant britain won't change its laws and signalled we might stop sharing intelligence with america if t

it might move towards something like gorbachev's vision. that might lead to a relaxation of the rising and very dangerous tensions at the russian border, which would be a very welcome development. well, there's a lot more to say about the fears and hopes and prospects. the threats and dangers are very real. there are plenty of opportunities. and as we face them, again, particularly the younger people among you, we should never overlook the fact that the threats that we now face are the most severe that have ever arisen in human history. they are literal threats to survival -- nuclear war, environmental catastrophe. these are very urgent concerns. they cannot be delayed. they became more urgent on november 8, for the reasons you know and that i mentioned. they have to be directly and soon if the human experiment is not to prove to be a disastrous failure. amy: m.i.t. professor noam chomsky speaking december 5 at riverside church as part of a celebration marking 20 years of democracy now! after a short break we air a , historic conversation b

gorbachev, tear down this wall.et my mistakes kind of take over my life. i was point-five credits away from completing high school and i didn't do it. angela: i got pregnant and i was the main one working so, i did what i had to do to survive. jocelyn: sentía que la escuela no era para mí. karim: most of my family they never graduated high school or even let alone go to college so i'm trying to break that barrier. jackie: my family never stopped pushing for me to be better because they knew what i could become and who i could become as a person. karim: everyday after work i went straight to school, studied hard, and it paid off. jocelyn: sentía como que si quiero cambiar el mundo tengo que cambiara mi primero. group: surprise! surprise! surprise! angela: i could not have gotten my diploma without my family. jocelyn: mi consejera, ella fue lo máximo para mí porque me ayudó mucho con todo. jackie: i've been given an opportunity and i'm just thankful for it. angela: yeah it's hard, but keep on going and keep on trying.

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. —— mikhail gorbachev.lationship, but there are concerns among diplomats that it would further isolate britain if america gets closer to russia, and america is seen to basically sanction what blood amid putin has done in the ukraine and the crimea. what do you think are the crimea. what do you think are the benefits of being a friend of vladimir putin? -- sanction what vladimir putin? -- sanction what vladimir putin? -- sanction what vladimir putin has done in the ukraine. laughter we do not phone each other that often(!) the idea of trump getting along with vladimir putin cannot be along with vladimir putin cannot be a bad thing, it depends what he gives away, vladimir putin is very shrewd, as we can see, it is quite clear that if trump goes to a summit and is hoping for a nuclear deal, a wonderful nuclear deal, there has got to be won over ukraine, syria... it is what vladimir putin once at the end of it all which is the tricky bit. is he likely to stick to it, like donald trump, vladimir putin is someone

gorbachev was a different soviet leader, we met with soviet leaders before, they had a 3 x 5 card anddidn't matter what you said, they had a long speech, gorbachev was different, he had terrorist strike and glass noticed. that the wall came down. vladimir putin was a different soviet leader. is a throwback to the old days. he comes right out of the linen stalin kgb playbook. he is a throwback to the cold cold war. he is an intelligence apparatus, grew up in the kgb, they manipulate people and he takes advantage of people's weaknesses, there is no doubt in my mind he was behind the hacking during our election or things of that nature. you have to understand who you are dealing with. .. then we took them back, but ukraine is a different situation , so i think it's important and i can guarantee you that joe dunford, chairman of the joint chiefs see russia as our number one threat and we had to be prepared to deal with that with the clear eyes and i think our new president-elect will come around to the point of view because i think most of the people around him now have that same point of

but in 1990 mikhail gorbachev in the words of the "guardian" newspaper at the time he "took the nobelward for losing the cold war."

and russia the largest nuclear weapon states and gorbachev has a piece in "time" magazine calling for build down further of those nuclear weapons if that should be our focus but we have syria to discuss and importantly as prime minister may will say to donald trump tomorrow we have concerns about russia and its aggression in europe, obviously starting with ukraine and crimea, but also pushing against the baltics and really creating very aggressive moves in europe. so donald trump is up against a master. i have been in the presence of vladimir putin. i've spent four hours with secretary kerry our ambassador to russia and putin in sochi. he's smart. he's crafty. he's patient. he doesn't tweet. all of these executive orders we have been seeing are like expampbded tweet storms because they are not executed, implemented, not gone through legal or congressional test and haven't been consulted with members of the trump administration. so i hope he gets prepared. i hope he gets briefed before this call and i hope he has some talking points that make some sense. >> the article that you mention

my friend left when gorbachev was taken captive. he went straight back to the soviet union and called me after gorbachev was released and asked me to come. i spent five or six fascinating days. that is when it became apparent to me we had to take action. carnegie played a huge role to all the way. on you to bestow this award me is indeedd tremendous thing for carnegie to do. i have often said that the downside is that, like his wife, when i partnered with him, i had to give up my last name in many parts of the world. that is the only downside of being a partner with dick lugar. it is my great honor today to be award toresent this general maslin. appropriate he received the award. general maslin has had surgery and could not be here. but this general has played a huge and constructive role in u.s. and russian relations and the management of the nuclear arsenal. he headed the russian strategic [indiscernible] also provided strong leadership [indiscernible] he will be accepting the award on behalf of general maslin. general maslin serv

gorbachev said that. as thousands and then tens of thousands of russians took to the streets saying "russia without putin." this was a big deal. this was maybe going to be the end of putin. i mean, people wouldn't even have to overthrow him. this was december, 2011, he was about to stand for president in march just a few months later and there's the country rising up against him, feeling like he's this corrupt thief who just rigged the election to stay in power and even still was only barely able to do it as the country turned against him. it was an incredible moment, the kind of moment that could have changed the course of world events. but you know what? vladimir putin, he took that moment and he grabbed it by the neck and squeezed, as he is wont to do. he sent security forces, including the military, into the streets to arrest russians by the thousands. opposition political figures picked up and jailed. the kremlin organized counterprotests that turned into running street battles between pro-putin sort

so interesting to see gorbachev is putting on the brakes and we're getting military ready. >> one of the striking things i thought about the press conference we saw an hour or so ago was every time donald trump talked about relations with other countries, it was in personal terms, he talked about the leaders of those countries, whether it was the uk, russia, mexico, let me play a little sound from that press conference. >> even in the short relationship that we just developed by being with each other, going to have lunch and we had some very interesting talks, very productive talks. as far as, again, putin and russia, i don't say good, bad or indifferent. i don't know the gentleman, i hope we have a fantastic relationship. that's possible, and it's also possible we won't. we have a really i think a very good relationship, the president and i, and we had a talk that lasted about an hour this morning. and we are going to be working on a fair relationship. >> so all very personal, right. all very much about his relationship directly with the leader of each country. >> and think about th

he went back to the soviet union and called me after gorbachev was released. i spent five or six fascinating days and surrogate was my interpreter when i -- sergei was my interpreter when i was there. that was when it became apparent to me that we had to take action. friday played a huge role, and vartan, for you to bestow this award on me and dick lugar in the first place, and now we have two honorees today, it is indeed i think a tremendous thing for carnegie to do. i have often said that the only downside in all of this in partnering with dick lugar, is, like his wife charlotte, i had to give up my last name in many parts of the world. that is the only downside of being a partner with dick lugar. so it is my great honor today to be able to present an award, this award, to general mattson. i will be making it directly to the general. it is appropriate he received the award. as tom said, he had surgery and could not be here, but general esin has played a huge role in u.s.-russian relations and the nuclear arsenal. ,e headed the russian strategic provided stro

gorbachev was different. he was going to open up the soviet union and he did and the wall came down. now putin -- he was a different soviet leader. putin is a throwback back to old days. out of the lenin playbook of. >> they manipulate people. he takes advantage of people's weaknesses. there's no doubt in my mind that he was behind the hacking during our election and things of that nature so you have to understand who you're dealing with. and deal with him in a strong, fair, and tough way. and if he thinks he -- he wants to do what the soviet leaders have wanted to do since lenin and that is expand their borders and buffer zones so they are not up against western democracies on the own borders. that's why he is pushing to the west and trying to push back and regain some of the territory that constituted the old warsaw pact nations so we need to be really isic in dealing dealing h him and deal in a tough way. crime i crimea was a former -- crimea was a former russian state. like, okay, we had texas and then te

coming up, former soviet union leader mickle gorbachev sayschev he believes we're headed toadedo >> theelieve they havee found the right person to leadbd their front office.eir frt offic >> as we go to break with awi live look across the d.c..c. region, 5:11 is our time manyoui of there's a good look at ourt roads this morning.this one of m our crews out and powa as you can see.e. nonetheless allow a little ltle extra the as you head out on ou this monday. we're back right after this. >> ♪♪ honey nut cheerios gets their delicious taste from honest ingredients. like real delicious honey and real oats. okay that's still honey. huh, there we go. we're back to honey again. who's directing this? that guy. figures. try new very berry cheerios. the taste of real fruit in every bite. so berry good. everything you need to know about life, you can learn from granola. keep it simple. make every piece count. let other people know what you're made of. always be real. don't be fake, don't be artifici

angela: i think now they are as bad as they have been since before gorbachev came to power, the worstays of the early 1980's. the tensions are palpable, the rhetoric is confrontational. it is really pretty bad. laura: but could it all change on january 20 one we had donald trump, who wants a better relationship with vladimir putin? angela: well, it couldn't change that quickly. once the diplomats have been expelled, they are not going to come back immediately. it is possible that mr. putin -- he surprised us by not retaliating or expelling american diplomats, by inviting the children of diplomats to a christmas party at the kremlin. it is possible he will begin on a conciliatory note with president-elect trump, and of course donald trump has consistently praised putin. actually, he has praised putin more than putin has praised him. and said we are going to do a deal with russia. he has questioned the u.s. government's conclusions about russian hacking. laura: much to putin's delight, i'm sure. donald trump -- what is the risk he is manipulated by vladimir putin, who is a former kgb op