what is gorbachev going to do? >> this was the show of mikhail gorbachev's show and tell day.on denver in a military parade through the heart of east berlin. he preached reform and offered a gorbachev proverb. those being late, he said, will be punished by life itself. >> gorbachev felt he could put a happy face on socialism, that he could modify it. but he got the genie out of the bottle and couldn't get it back in. >> overseas, time has finally run out for eric hon kerr, the 77-year-old leader of east germany. the official reason given was poor health but political change was inevitable. >> the people have their government on the run. today, in the bid to convince people that he's serious about reform, the east german leader, who has had the job for less than a month, managed to convince all of the members of the government he inherited they should resign. the question is this, what next? >> the pressure on the east german government was getting enormous. and as part of the kind of package to present themselves as human, there had been a resolution passed which is going to i

gorbachev, tear down this wall. was there cents on the president's part that making it senseersonal -- was there in making it that personal. or was it not as intentional? >> i think it was intentional. i remember listening to reagan talk about his first meeting with gorbachev in geneva. maybe remember this also. -- ine you back, they had the meetings they had in the morning, large groups, maybe 10 or 12 people on each side of the table. arose of, let's let the two leaders take some time after lunch to sit and talk alone and talk together. this is something that reagan had always fantasized about. he was very frustrated in his first administration. he once famously said, they keep dying on me. [laughter] bunch, i remember that well because i went to all three of those funerals with george h.w. bush. he was frustrated. all presidents in one form or another, certainly that is true for donald trump, he really wanted -- maybe it wasn't so true for barack obama -- he wanted to sit down with the russian leader and try to w

gorbachev. he's in a safe place.ds some time to feel better. >> warned today that the right wing coup would have tragic consequences. >> it is the beginning of civil war. >> extraordinary drama in moscow tonight. scenes of destruction, of fire, of blood on the streets. >> four people died, short order crushed by armored vehicles. >> speculation he's being held in moscow, 50,000 people gathered at the russian parliament building. >> gorbachev wasn't that popular, but these people were even less popular than gorbachev. if they mounted a coup in 1989 or 1990 he might have fallen and the new soviet union would have been quite different. but there were already new legitimate figures that the russian people were supporting and were expecting a lot from. >> around 50,000 supporters gathered to chant their support for the man who is now carrying the battered banner of reform. >> boris yeltsin had been pop u larly elected as president of the russian federation. he was emerging as an alternative power to the communist party le

. >> hardliners did not like the tone of reforms introduced by gorbachev. >> gorbachev's reforms weretore and refresh communism and save the soviet union and it had the opposite effect. >> you couldn't reform this economic system. you had to throw it out. gorbachev wasn't able or willing to do that so it was a matter of time before the bold establishment would try to get rid of him. >> mr. gorbachev's message calling for unity has fallen on deaf ears. >> it's difficult for outsiders to capture the maelstrom that gorbachev was in. >> i remember being with him when i was traveling with president bush. he was depleted with what he had had to deal with on every level. >> it was a parade which was intended to celebrate a united and successful soviet military machine, but this day comes as the army is losing its role abroad and its prestige at home and tending to blame mr. gorbachev. >> i had a call from the mayor of moscow and while we talked about local politics, he wrote on a sheet of paper that a coup was being organized against gorbachev, and i told gorbachev that we have information t

bush , buted mikael gorbachev gorbachev was a very different soviet leader than president putin as a russian leader, one dedicated to reforms, democratizing the soviet union, removing forces of soviet foreign policy. i believe the praise for gorbachev was fully deserved. i think today any praise for putin is probably not deserved. host: in researching this book, what did you learn about yourself? guest: that is a good question. i learned i had a pretty good memory, although i did have to rely on wikipedia and google to make sure i got my anecdotes in the right order. you remember things but you don't maneuver quite what year it was. -- don't remember quite what year it was. lanes a trip down memory and it was satisfying to dredge up these anecdotes and stories and conclusions. certainly, looking back, felt it was five decades well spent. host: a quick call from james from denton, texas. you get the last word with james dobbins. good morning. caller: good morning. mr. dobbins, i think you are correct america was looking for a disruptor. much of the last cycle that wees -- several deca

bush , buted mikael gorbachev gorbachev was a very different soviet leader than president putin as arussian leader, one dedicated to reforms, democratizing the soviet union, removing forces of soviet foreign policy. i believe the praise for gorbachev was fully deserved. i think today any praise for putin is probably not deserved. host: in researching this book, what did you learn about yourself? guest: that is a good question. i learned i had a pretty good memory, although i did have to rely on wikipedia and google to make sure i got my anecdotes in the right order. you remember things but you don't maneuver quite what year it was. -- don't remember quite what year it was. lanes a trip down memory and it was satisfying to dredge up these anecdotes and stories and conclusions. certainly, looking back, felt it was five decades well spent. host: a quick call from james from denton, texas. you get the last word with james dobbins. good morning. caller: good morning. mr. dobbins, i think you are correct america was looking for a disruptor. much of the last cycle that wees -- several decad

that made it possible that these leaders, president bush on the one side and mikael gorbachev on thether side, allowed it to happen. .> there is no doubt about it helmut kohl had a talent for forging relationships that were useful later. , if youso interesting want to understand helmut kohl a little bit more to look at the strained relationship he had with angela merkel. helmut kohl discovered angela merkel who rose rapidly through the ranks. in 1991 she became minister for women and youth and later environment minister. angela merkel admired helmut kohl but did not like it when he called her his girl. helmut kohl lost the 1998 election and step down as party leader. because of the donation scandal under his watch he also withdrew as honorary chairman. .ngela merkel distance herself she was elected chancellor in 2005. her relationship remained difficult. despite calls from within the party, she did not offer helmut .ohl honorary leadership again she papaid tribute to his achievemements when he w won the henry kissinger prize. he said not one word about her. how much is angela merkel

it was an gorbachev's fault. the russian orthodox church did not want john paul the second to come to russia. but things are over and things are getting better. a cia station chief wrote a book about this in the early 1980's, as did clay sterling. he said john paul ii said, if i come out publicly and say that the soviets did this, they will launch a disinformation campaign. he didn't want world war iii to be started over him. what was done was done. hugh survived -- he survived. this is a guy who is an eternal window of a 2000-your church. he's thinking eternity. he doesn't care whether or not this gets reported by open the washington post" in 1985. 1989, the collapse of communism. ronald reagan no longer president. spring of 1989, he was meeting at a century city office with four poles. one had brought in members of the polish solidarity movement. they were getting ready for the first free and fair elections in the communist bloc, which should have happened at yalta. this is a betrayal that had gone on for 44 ye

>> this was during the gorbachev years and there was a lot of talk about building a trump tower in moscow, and it's been something he's gone back to again and again and it's never really happened. >> building a trump tower in moscow. >> right, and there are over 30 trump towers over the world. it's never happened in moscow. when he came back the first time you see his presidential ambitions. >> the waning days of the soviet union, ronald reagan is president. >> right. and he goes back a couple of times, but you quote him praising the soviet leaders in comparison to the american leaders. >> right. he is -- i mean, you know, it's interesting. he has watched russia become a mafia state. rather than being appalled by it, it seems to me he's embracing it. the mafia state putin's put together, it's an interesting phrase, but what does it really mean? and what you see is a system of oligarchs and mafia crime bosses, and putin allows them to work, allows them to become wealthy. as long as they're serving putin's interests and as long as they don't challenge him politically. >> you make the case t

trump and putin a notch reagan and gorbachev time the background a different. replacing. she should cooperation. it's what moscow and washington say they want. the world is waiting to. if it happens. steve rosenberg bbc news. script. scientists are looking at a deeper into the heavens and today we're learning about a mission to mercury two decades in the making. european and japanese experts say two spacecraft will travel to the songs closest planet and then separate to conduct their own studies. of science correspondent rebecca morale has spent the day at the european space agency's test center in the netherlands. a mysterious world matt trees the smallest planet in our solar system and the closest to some. covered in craters towering cliffs an ancient volcanoes until now it's been little explored. a major new missions set to change that. this is the spacecraft cooled by p. colombo off to a famous italian scientist. it's taken nearly a decade to build. it's only when you get to a place that you really get the sense that the size of this huge piece of kids. and this is a

mr gorbachev talked with mr baker and baker talked about western values as gorbachev said not western values the universal values and i think that's exactly right. the idea of basic human rights human dignity. an inclusive society that's not a particularly western vision it's not an american version of the moon it's wrong but embodied in the great post-war decorations and the un declaration of human rights and i do believe that anybody in europe will drop a kind of language well president thank you for saying that because i think that's the argument the russians have also been trying to put forth also that people who like democracy who appreciate the rule of law who want to leave and transparent society of good governance and so on but if russians are also included in these community of nations who appreciate the virtues of doing democracy don't you think that the ukrainians are going to lose that main geopolitical argument you know i don't i don't see that's a totally. you know it's not really in this case i think an argument so much about the. need to these basic issues that we've b

to gorbachev is that expansion which is destabilize relationships in. eastern europe and a coup if it's going to run nato is going to expand to the border of small lens that is going to worry the russians and rather than this stuff kind of the american general perhaps they didn't recognize that what it is doing is causing concern in russia because there's unrelenting nato expansion ok chris bambery political analyst thanks very much here thoughts and thanks. ok we've got more news after this break. the trafficking organizations are very sophisticated and they function very much like a global corporation you know they have different components they have components that engage in money laundering and wars men you know the killing security forces the killing not been for men it's. called the field we go through. every the world should experience. and you get it on the old the old. the old according to just. one of my world come along for the ride. welcome back to the program russia's foreign minister sergey lavrov has commented on rumors of a secret meetin

mr gorbachev, tear down this wall.er the west has the will to survive. the president says the west may not survive. is he right, or is he part of the problem? i think the large english speaking democracies, britain, and the united states, are really moving rapidly in the wrong direction. we'll discuss how the alliance can weather these storms. also tonight, for some remainers, the cause endures, the hope still lives, and the dream shall never die. the head of the cbi will make the case for a brexit so soft, it might almost be called remain. and just how close is artificial intelligence? it's literally in the past year we went from a place where it would get it right about 80% of the time to a point where now it's actually achieved human parity and speech recognition. it's actually achieved human parity in speech recognition. something may have been lost in translation but donald trump

war over, gorbachev came to the united states and he went to fulton missouri. and there on the anniversary of winston churchill's famous address in 1946 saying that an iron curtain was falling across europe, gorbachev three years, or nearly 3 years after the fall of the berlin wall declared that the end of the cold war was a victory for common sense, reason, democracy. the united nations should create structures which are authorized to impose sanctions to make use of other means of compulsion from the rights of minority groups especially are being violated. he went on to underscore the universality of human rights, the acceptability of international interference for wherever human rights are violated. in a democracy can't exist not only as the antithesis of totalitarianism. this means this movement from the national to the international arena. >> on today's agenda is not just the union of democratic states but also the democratic we organize community. it's really quite an extraordinary statement. well, it seems like i'm going over my own notes here. during the

on that note, mikhail gorbachev, the former union of this soviet union is calling president trump and vladimir putin to restore the trust between u.s. and russia. they want to create a constructive, joint agenda. president trump's meeting with putin is drawing historical comparisons to past presidents, appointed by lager lower ingram earlier today. >> when i was watching it yesterday, it took me back. >> he's not reagan. nobody is reagan. i'm not trying to say he is reagan. but the moment where he said, "does the west have the welter survive," do we have the will to confront the challenges before us? i say we do. it was very optimistic. >> eboni: okay, kat, we know he's not reagan. >> kat: i had no idea. >> eboni: i know. breaking news. but, what do you think about the historical parallels? >> they are fine. i think that right now, it would be stupid to completely trust russia. and i don't think that we have to completely trust them to work with them and try to have a relationship that would work out best for us. we are facing issues like north korea and syria, especially with, again,

>> mister gorbachev, tear down this wall. david: former virginia governor jim gilmore sees a resemblance between those two speeches. i know the comparisons a lot of people don't like those comparisons, trump was reaching more than material things. >> core values were a major part among major themes, i encourage viewers to get at the speech. to look at it on youto, one of the best speeches i ever heard, sounded like reagan, even had little echo of jfk. he talked about russians significantly. he is this over 20 times. >> the need for and the right to certain guarantees some governments don't provide. we can't force -- your own ways, it is not up to us to tell you what to do. >> the trump administration and american foreign policy toward europe, a blowback on the russians, reminded the polish people there was a warsaw uprising allowed nazis -- in the speech he was specific about condemning the russians in ukraine. amazingly he announced we were putting patriot missiles into poland to protect the country. there was a strong affir

>> this was during the gorbachev era. was a lot of talk about building a trump tower in moscow. goneis something he had back to again and again, and it has never happened. there are over 30 trump towers all over the world. it has never happened in moscow. when he came back for the first time, you start to see his presidential ambitions. in 1988, he went to new hampshire as if to throw his hat in the ring for the new hampshire primary. backhave gone and looked at that. some of the themes are similar to what he is saying now. he took out full-page ads in the new york times in washington post that put forth the same kind of foreign policy he is articulating now. and and i--- very anti-nato anti-european. it could have come out of the mouth of vladimir putin. >> he said some interesting things about the russian leaders back then. this is the waning days of the soviet union. ronald reagan is of course president, and he goes back couple of times, but you quote him praising the soviet leaders in comparison to the american leader

know the whereabouts or the condition of mikhail gorbachev tonight. >> mikhail gorbachbachev refuseshowing surprising medal cri climbing on a tank to deliver a speech. the hard liners failed. mikhail gar ba chof wasn't toppled but he resigned and just like that the soviet union was no more. the russian federation took its place with boris yetson at its president. he soon discovered that leading the democracy was much harder than standing down a coup. russian tanked, corruption was rampant. the country was in trouble and so was yetson. he came to depend on a kgb agent, a name by the name of vladimir putin. but the summer of 1999, boris yetson fired his prime minister and announced putin in his place. almost immediately bombs tore through apartment buildings in russia killing hundreds. putin blamed terrorists from check chi that. but evidence emerged that the check chans might not have been behind the apartment buildings. many believed that the whole thing was orchestrated by putin to consolidate his power and boost his popularity. by 1999 boris yetson was a shadow of his former self.

one of the things that george bush understood was that he had to work closely with mikhail gorbachev.difficult for gorbachev, it would be much harder to achieve a unified germany and nato. a soviet un yo that would participate in the coalition against saddam hussein. none of these things would have happened if the united states had been a bully. george bush's patient diplomacy is what was needed to stabilize the world following the fall of the berlin wall. >> all right. thank you so much. thanks for that look back. of course, the "'90 airs tonight at 9:00 eastern time. >>> hello, again, thank you so much for being with me. we begin this hour with new retaliation from russia, russian state media says putin is demanding 755 u.s. diplomats and personnel leave russia by september 1st. this is in response to a russia sanctions bill president trump has yet to sign. north korea in that bill, that country is resmonponding with a firm action of justice against the u.s. this threat comes just two days after kim jong-un tested a ballistic missile that experts say could one day reach the west coa

we still don't know the where about thes or the condition of gorbachev tonight. >> he refused to step boris yeltzin showed surprising to deliver a fiery speech. the hard liners failed. gorbachev wasn't toppled but by christmas 1991 he resigned and just like that the soviet union was no more. the russian federation took its place. but he quickly discovered that lead agnew democracy was much harder. russia's post soviet economy tanked. the country was in trouble and so was yeltsin. he came to depend on a former kgb agent, a man by the name of vladimir putin. by the summer of 1999 boris yeltsin fired his prime minister and announced putin in his place. almost immediately bombs tore through apartment buildings in russia killing hundreds. putin blamed terrorists from check neea. evidence began to emerge. many believe the whole thing was orchestrated by putin to consolidate his power and boost his polari. by 1999 boris yeltsin was a adow of his former self. his administration consumed by corruption that could send yeltsin to a state prison. he turned to his prime minister and struck a deal.

let's go back and talk about ronald reagan talking about mikhail gorbachev. if he had spent an extra hour with gorbachev, we would have said, this is impressive, maybe we'll cut a deal. with this guy part of what's going on, a, will we ever know what he said? no. b, if we get a glimmer of what he says, can we be confident that the kremlin won't come out and say, actually, nothing came out of that meeting. the question is, what the heck did they talk about and we don't know. >> jeffrey toobin, i want to play a little devil's advocate on this. i was covering that news conference in seoul where president said to medved and they still had a pretty substantive exchange. how is that so different from what we see at a dinner which is in a much more public setting? >> i think the main difference is there were american witnesses to what president obama and medvedev were saying. the problem with this exchange, as i'm aware -- >> the media. it was a hot mike, right? >> it was a hot mike, but here you only have a russian translator. you know, strobe talbot, who was deput

to intimidate the west reagan abandoned and reached out to gorbachev. it may be that one of these years a russian attempted internal reform will succeed. rather than end on a note of toughness and hitting back i wanted to talk about the potential of a better future. that time will come though it's not today. >> thank you very much. great talk. let me add, for the much deeper perspective and also conversely for the shout out to the roll of young people and getting this done both tech savvy and getting this engaged. that leads to my first question. we'll now answer the question and answer phase. in march and june major protests against corruption broke out leading to crackdowns and imprisonments. does it signify cracks or is this a flash in the pan? and what more can be done to provide assistance? >> it's a good question. i would say it's a hopeful sign that this new generation of senior students from school and students from universities really are fed up with no prospect in life and no social mobility -- how much resistance young people can provide. one

met eight had to pull him out of a meeting where he and gorbachev were going to abolish nuclear .eaponsut i think it is an important meeting and i stepped back again and say, as thousands of americans who signed a petition by roots action over july 4 weekend, negotiate, dodon't escalate. it is n neither does i mean, trp sounds like warmed over fourth rate reagan in poland. it is not in support of that. it is saying, both countries have real interest in trying to work together. amy: i want to turn to rex tillerson speaking wednesdayay ahead of their meeting with the presidt t of russia and the foreign minister. >> i think the important aspect of this is that this is where we have begun, an effort to begin to rebuild confidence between theelves and russia at military level, but also the diplomatic level. i think it is an effort that serves both of our interests as well as the broader interest of the international comommunity, e hope, that this is going to be the beginning of other important areas that need to be addressed in order to strengthen our relationship. but we are at the very beg

what was drutd doing in moscow in 1987, this was during the gorbachev area and there was a lot of talk about building a trump tower in moscow. something he's gone back again and again but it's never really happened. >> building a trump tower in moscow. >> yes, there are 3 some trump towers all over world but not in moscow. when he comes back for the first time you see his presidential ambitions. in 88 he went to new hampshire to throw his hat in the ring for the new hampshire primary. >> i've gone back and looked a that speech. some of the themes are very similar to what he's saying now. >> it's amazing and took out full page ads in the "new york times" and washington post. the foreign policies he's articulating now, very anti-nato, anti-european. and it seems like i mean this is preputin era but it seems like it could haval can out of the mouth of vladimir putin. >> he said some interesting things about the russian leaders back then. again, this is the waning days of the soviet union. we're still in the soviet union. ronald ronald reagan is of course president. he goes back a couple t

one of the things that reagan did was not wear an overcoat at the first meeting where gorbachev was buttoned up and trying to stay warm. a very subtle signal of trying to assert some power. that's what i mean about the personality profile, the use of personality skills. one thing about president trump when he is one-on-one with individuals they have a different take away than when they see the figure of donald trump who has been on television for many years and been in political life for two years since he became a candidate. so, will their assessments of each other be somehow different? we also know there is a backdrop of the protests. i'm here along the river. a green peace protest unfolding behind us with many, many boats and police boats and military vessels, as well. we, of course, have seen all the protests in the streets that are very separate from where the leaders are interacting. but it is part of the g-20 and it is a high-stakes meeting for both men. each will want to come out claiming themselves the victor. and even the most subtle of ways with this one-on-one meeting. c

bush , buted mikael gorbachev

i was back with the gorbachev's in 1985 in geneva and the talk at that time was that gorbachev was thisnt kind of kremlin later perhaps a little frail or. the meeting was held at the u.s. -- they hosted the first one. a reagan came out, it was a cold november day, and a wreck and came out with any top coat on, just jacket. we all kind of notice that and when gorbachev came out of his veiled limousine, he came out thick topcoat, a scarf, and a hat, and suddenly the whole narrative about who was the vigorous guy, who was the aggressive guy, the alpha male flipped on its head and i can promise you a lot of work and thought had gone into that. it will be a real statement whether it's before the cameras are behind the cameras. one of the things that putin likes to do is filibuster. apparently he did this in his first meeting with george w. bush and obama, about all the ways that he felt that george w. bush had mishandled relations. if he's able to seize it and run out the clock if you will, that would be something i think would frustrate donald trump a great deal. there's going to be a certa

caller: i want everyone to reagan nd that ronald asked gorbachev to tear down the and the world wanted china to tear down the wall. trump is confused. angry they tore down the wall so he could build a wall. us in, ple out and wall he's confuse and very dangerous. ughan, calling from tennessee on the republican line. today, e your thoughts vaughan? caller: yes, it's about saying that this world is forgetting that we are ll people and we all need to place to live. forget how hard times are, we need to help each other out in world. everybody don't own this land, you know. own this u say you land when you stole this land? vaughan, let me ask you this, the government has to have priority necessary terms of who is allowed in and igure out what to do with the excess of 11 million people who are already here illegally, what like to see -- how ould you like to see the government act? caller: our government should act like they have some common sense and treat these people people. if you want to do a background heck on them, i had to have a background check on me as an american for a simple car

gorbachev looks like the old guy, reagan the young guy.l nation in the world. we have the most powerful military in the world. we have the most powerful economy. we're fed up with putin jerking us around. we woe like to have good relationship but it will not come with these gangster tactics. brian: do you believe that president has no agenda or do you believe, h.r. mcmaster says we go there without an agenda, what do you think the truth is? >> george shultz had same deal with ronald reagan who met with gorbachev one-on-one. they're very similar. donald trump has an agenda the minute he wakes up every morning. donald trump will not walk in the meeting go, oh, gee, now i'm here with vladmir putin, i wonder what i will do? he has been thinking about this meeting almost a year. he has a good sense what he wants to accomplish. think he is going to turn most details over to secretary tillerson. i think in terms of shaping the meeting the guy who wrote "the art of the deal" understands what he wants to communicate. i think he has a psychological

gorbachev? that woman calling about her daughter not getting a job because she speak spanish, that was probably a requirement for the job. let's be real here. thank you. guest: when we look at the wall and the funding required for the wall, the house appropriations bill came out and sets aside funding for the wall. if we want to think outside the box, we are going to have to support people like senator ted cruz, who came up with an idea that allows us to build a wall without taxpayer funds. it, we justys to do have to have the political will to make that happen. host: there is a story in usa today that looks at the first dreamer as described, arrested under the trump administration. that aside, the idea of dreamers, how should they be treated? guest: that is a really difficult thing. what we have to understand is -- these are individuals that were brought by their parents to this country, and they did not willfully break the law. at somebody who is one year old, that was brought from kosovo, the

gorbachev was promised that if he allowed the unification of germany nato would not expand one thumbs with to the east nato is now expanded thirteen countries to the east it's doubled once again we're discussing it's doubled in size we're discussing again where this discussing ukraine again becoming part of nato it was in two thousand and eight when george bush said he wanted georgia and ukraine to be part of nato when they were talking about that again so in terms of ukraine russians have a different deaf definition and perception of their national security we need to understand it was saying we need to understand how the russians view the world which is different the americans view the world and to appreciate their own realistic national security concerns ok dan you've written a book the plot to scapegoat russia going to be shown to a stand you're going to go you go it's very interesting again with what peter in alexandria it said here i mean we get the impression in western media that if you have a different point of view and a different perception of the world that somehow that it

together and discuss these issues i'm very glad that you brought up the former president mikhail gorbachev because i want to talk about nato since they had just added the twenty ninth member montenegro there by expanding nato eastward right up against the russian border conducting military nato military exercises along the border this breaks that gentlemen's agreement from the early ninety's between then soviet union russia and and secretary of state james baker during the. german unification talks there was no official treaty as you know but for you know there are thousands of meeting minutes and memos transcripts that suggested that it corroborates that that there was this gentleman's agreement so doesn't this give item or put enough valid complaint or concern to address with with president trump you know the complaint is on the record for a long time home would call who just two weeks ago in his his own records as chancellor of germany had that noted so you know that's a real bone of contention and it is indeed why putin self admitted li was really interested in getting crimea back into

when reagan and gorbachev shook hands over the treaty, china was beginning its free-market reforms, iran was locked in a war of attrition, iraqi , indie india or pakistan was a nuclear power, just years before, hard as it may be to believe, north korea had signed a nuclear nonproliferation treaty. thus, the time is coming to consider whether the united states should stay in the inf treaty even if russia came back into compliance. as i've noted, no other country is a party to the treaty. as a result, our troops and allies in the asian-pacific face and increasingly aggressive china with more than 90 percent of itsmissile forces pulling into the intermediate range . yet pacific command and our allies like a single ground-based idiot intermediate range missile and hold mainland china at risk. this question can be left to another day but the united states cannot afford to take a one-dimensional view of old trees because of threats we face are no longer one-dimensional. what we cannot afford is to stand by like shops while vladimir putin cheapens the inf treaty openly and notoriously. russia a

abandoned his more rigid cohort and reached out to gorbachev. and it may be that one of these years a russian attempted internal reform will in fact succeed. so rather than end on a note of toughness and hitting back with the russians i want to talk about at least the potential of a better future. that time will come, though it's not today. >> thank you very much, ambassador freed. you know, great talk. let me add, you know, for the much deeper perspective going back to the 1980s but going back 200 years and also conversely for the shout-out to the role of young people in getting this done. both tech savvy and politically engaged. that leads to my first question, we'll now answer the question and answer phase. and this one is for ilya. in march and june, major protests against corruption broke out led by -- leading to crackdowns and of imprisonments. does this signify cracks in the kleptocracy or a particular in the pan? and what more can be done to provide assistance to those russians who want to see a democratic human rights respecting russia

reagan abandoned his more rigid cohorts and reached out to gorbachev. and it may be that one of these years a russian attempted internal -- attempt at internal reform will succeed. so rather than end on a note of toughness and hitting back at the russians, i wanted to talk about at least the p ten rble of a better future. that time will come, though it's not today. paul: thank you very much, ambassador. great talk. let me add, for the much deeper perspective, going back to the 1980's, also going back 200 years and also conversery for the shoutout to the role of young people in getting this done. both tech savvy and politically engaged. i know there are a lot of politically engaged young people in this room. that leads to my first question, we'll now enter the question and answer phase, and this one is for ilya. in march and june, major protests against corruption novalo,t, led by alexei leading to crackdowns and imprisonment. did this signal cracks in putin's kleptocracy or is it a flash in the pan? and what more can be done to provide assistance to tho

gorbachev tear down the fall. it is a huge issue.l clarity the article five of nato. it is very clear that what president obama did or not do, the stern talking he gave to in september apparently didn't take. and it is clear that president trump is very clear in his stance on this. and i do believe he will bring serious issues when he meets with vladimar putin. >> lou: i get a kick out of the left wing comment attors that are obaliffous and the europeans utter dependency on russia for energy and the fact that the trump administration is moving to be able to recognize transport lndp gas to europe to offset that dependency, this administration is making critically important and trade moves to change the allegorithim that is the russia/european/american relationship. >> right, that is the key. several said last year, best thing obama could do is help export all energy to turp to help the europeans become independent. and i heard that folks say uncharacteristic of trump. i don't think people on our side is studying trump. you know who it