gorbachev was willing to make changes. gorbachev did most of the work to change the soviet union, but reagan met him halfway and supported him. reagan made gorbachev believe he had a partner, even though they disagreed on several things. but gorbachev said he believed reagan was not trying to destroy him. gorbachev wanted a better relationship with the u.s., a more open society in a world less prone to warfare. he believed that despite reagan's public rhetoric, that he could work with this man based on their discussions. they both started to take risks. in 1986, they met in reykjavik, iceland. to the horror of their advisors, you can see images of this, they began to talk about eliminating all nuclear weapons. gorbachev did not want to spend money on these weapons and reagan hated them because they could destroy the world. he had built more of them but wanted to get rid of them. they were willing to talk about that. they negotiated the first limitations that actually destroyed weapons. theof the agreements of , they, the s

not because reagan solved to them, not because gorbachev solves them, but because reagan and gorbachev had found a way to work together. if we were working together, anything was possible. the fall of the berlin wall was followed by nationalist uprisings throughout the soviet system in places like armenia, azerbaijan, georgia, lithuania latvia, estonia, these societies and groups of people who had long been imprisoned in the soviet system were getting their freedom. pretty soon, russians themselves argued for major reform. russia was one component of a larger soviet system. a new man emerged by the name of boris yeltsin, who challenged gorbachev to actually allow real elections. real democracy. 1991, the soviet union was gone. gorbachev peacefully signed the document ending the soviet union as we know it. this is not a victory for the united states, this was an openness to change encouraged by the united states and courageously sought by those in the former soviet union. reagan did not make this happen. made it mores, he difficult, but he did play a crucial role. embraceial role was to

gorbachev --ause mikhail gorbachev. do you remember him? >> around the time i was born. dr. suri: it blows my mind. so he came to the leadership of the soviet union in 1985. reagan had been putting pressure on the soviet union. he was taking the game to them and was going to use force to force them to back down and when criticized for being too militaristic, reagan said, i would love to also talk with soviet leaders, but they keep dying on me. three leaders in succession died in reagan's first years as president. they were old and they died. mikhail gorbachev became the new leader in 1975. a man who had come of age in the 1950's and 1960's, not during world war ii. he had seen the world in a different way. he was committed to reforming the soviet union. he saw the soviet union was having trouble keeping up with the united states and recognized the soviet union as an entity had become corrupt, was over investing in the military and had to build a better functioning economy. he was a communist, but he believed in the idealistic core values of his system and believed they had t

gorbachev, tear down this wall.cheering and applause] bret: many proclaimed socialism had failed so badly that it was gone forever but they were wro wrong. today the british labour party, which had moved toward an embrace of market capitalism, now promises to nationalize great swaths of the british economy. in latin america a socialist dictator grabbed power in venezuela bringing that country to the brink of ruin and igniting a regional crisis. china has grown prosperous by introducing private enterprise even while the communist party tightens his grip over the people creating a surveillance state that former authoritarians could only dream of. all still in the name of socialism. here in the united states politicians who proudly proclaim themselves socialist has scaled to the very height of the democratic party reigniting a debate that many thought was over. we traced the trajectory of an idea that change the world and whose appeal is once more on the rise. this is "the unauthorized history of socialism". ♪ bret: i

explores reagan's domestic politics as well as his working relationship with soviet leader mikhail gorbachevuse of the coronavirus pandemic and university of texas at austin provided the video. .

marlon fitzwater gave me some fabulous stories about nancy and raisa gorbachev. well, now that you mention it, probably should share one more tidbit. ms. tate: about the pantyhose? ms. drake: yes, ladies, you are going to appreciate this. [laughter] ms. tate: normally, whoever is president and his spouse go out on the south lawn, to what we call the diplomatic reception room, and they await the arrival of state visitors, and the gorbachevs were coming. it was so cold. they basically moved everyone who was part of that welcoming ceremony indoors into the , diplomatic reception room. it was like this, packed. ms. drake: you know that room. it is about as big as this stage. maybe a smidgen bigger, but it is tight. ms. tate: nancy noticed this immediately, as the gorbachevs walk in, that raisa's pantyhose have basically collapsed. and she just quietly -- and marlin noticed it and he had watched this happen. he said nobody else saw this, but he said she went over and took her by the arm and said, "come with me." she took her right around the corner to the ladies room

go took over he was very sick at the time didn't last long either and then of course he went for gorbachev putin said as recently as january that he does not want that to happen again because it will destabilize the country so if he stays until 83 he's basically contradicting himself putin says he will respect that vote that mean technically by the way he didn't have to have this national vote at all i mean all 85 federal something it's passed in the state parliament the duma passed it the national parliament he didn't have to have this vote he's chosen to do it because he obviously wants a public democratic legitimacy. with the current virus restrictions east here in russia or arties welcomed its 1st official guest for months with a hunger in foreign minister dropping by and he had a chat with our correspondent in the pit trenker about hungary's decision to rule by decree during the pandemic. tough questioning though for the sports loving minister. qualified. to hold. well actually it would be really tell you. that. not only. did everybody. was very well everybody's in. russia will be no

i am interested your thought about ronald reagan's understanding that gorbachev had a grim counsel behind him and the things that happened at the end of the cold war. david: i think it is a common pattern that leaders look for potential moderates. this is what happened in the 1930's over appeasement. there were some forces in nazi germany we could have dialogue with. in the case of the 1980's, what is striking is that ronald reagan, all of them, they decide they are going to take a punt on mikhail gorbachev. part of the effort to end the war quickly, particularly over german unification is because of the feeling that gorbachevs room for maneuver is closing down. rapid german unification, even though the cost are massive for germany. germany is still paying the economic cost and social cost of that shotgun marriage between east and west. this is a kind of pattern for most leaders when they are trying to deal with something that is for in. -- foreign. you can think of iran today, you think of barack obama's policy, it is to try to create a deal which will strengthen the position of moderate

times when gorbachev was there and i reviewed his book on perestroika from moscow news and from the l.a. times and you know that was the end of russian communism and pull came in as a basically whatever his background everybody or russia had something to do with the r.t. but the fact is he came from the leningrad group and he was a reformer and he was the choice i was there at and they he's the one they position and everybody forgets who ran and is the one who defeats the communist party that remains in russia he's an anti-communist is you going to brace the what the doc's religion and so forth so he makes a lousy enemy china. is still a communist country you know and so is vietnam by the way by a communist party but date as opposed to our image of communism as an international conspiracy they're quite nationalistic and as a result there there's tension between the 2 while now putin has decided not to. you know trump has decided to take on china because russia is not a good enough target in the discontinuous is the establishment because we need china as the factory floor for the world a

gorbachev was among several for them soldiers recently found near smolensk it was identified from his id tag and the search for relatives on social networks began immediately. and that . you know you'd have nationalists. and students forcibly. who knew. you know as. well speech because. 17 asks the day goes to bring her dad home and bury him. good wanted on life time for her husband always desperately hoping that one day he'd come back and. he enjoyed. it and if you. can be found if he did 53rd and you. sit. up clotilde did a good series we've done the youngsters to. he's a model most always the or it's funny that the cops will cause you so if you have got those if you stick with them belong i kind of walking along and think up something was just you know i'm going to miss this super. bowl from the 3 o'clock on the. constantine but crew is still looking for the last submarine that using an echo sounder to explore the seabed in the gulf of finland. you'll know more than you put up a bonus thought of the most of the show and the local photos. of them oh yeah either we deal carthew a lit

that is a negotiation just as important of nuclear weapons for gorbachev and reagan to take us in a new direction. we need leadership. we also have to face the nuclear issue. russia and the u.s. and others. we see the threat of increased arms race. it is stupid and dangerous. it is a vast expenditure of funds we don't need. and then you have of course climate change. you've got the challenge of over the populist nationalism exploited as a result of the downsides of globalization. there are many challenges. all of which, the pandemic, health, or any of these issues, you have to have global engagement. the united states must be there. today as we are talking, it is no exaggeration to say we don't have a leader of the free world. and the institutions we put together, you know this, world war i, we said we don't want chemical weapons. bringwar ii, how to countries together, we created the u.n.. this was done because we knew it would address problems and be a better way of making the world a place where we can operate and work together and get things done and have a better life. that is not

, that's a negotiation is important as negotiation of nuclear weapons as it was for reykjavÍk or gorbachevand reagan to take us in a new direction. we need leadership prepared to move in a new direction and we have to face the nuclear issue coming back not just in india and pakistan but russia and the us and others and the threat of increased arms race conceivably. it is stupid, dangerous, a vast expenditure of funds we don't need to do and we have climate change, the challenge of global unrest over the populist nationalism being exploited as a result of the downsize of globalization. there have been many challenges all of which, pandemic, health or any of these other issues, you have to have global engagement. the united states must be there today as we are talking, it is no exaggeration to say we do not have a leader of the free world. the institutions we put together, you know this, at the end of world war i, world war ii, we said we don't want chemical weapons, we banned them. world war ii we talked about how to deal with torture, created the un, none of this was done just for the sake

was signed by a us president ronald reagan and soviet leader mikhail gorbachev in 1987 it was considered a cornerstone of euro atlantic security it eliminated land based missiles and launchers with a range of 502-5500 kilometers those considered most likely to target europe if coming from russia but decades later in 2014 the obama administration produced evidence russia had violated the treaty with a longer range missile and last year the trump administration quit the deal we can no longer be restricted by the treaty while russia shamelessly violates nato allies agreed russia had breached its obligations but they worried abandoning the deal altogether would mean an unbridled buildup on both sides it is very easy to start that we see that the model there on the street today but i still believe if you sports wall to reach agreements with our show on arms control however just last month again citing russian violations the us pulled out of the open skies treaty which allows signatories to fly over each other's territory and keep an eye on military movements this move casts a shadow over nego

president ronald reagan and soviet leader mikhail gorbachev in 1987 it was considered a cornerstone of euro atlantic security it eliminated land based missiles and launchers with a range of 502-5500 kilometers those considered most likely to target europe if coming from russia but decades later in 2014 the obama administration produced evidence russia had violated the treaty with a longer range missile and last year at the trumpet ministration quit the deal we can no longer be restricted by the treaty while russia shamelessly violates nato allies agreed russia had breached its obligations but they worried abandoning the deal altogether would mean an unbridled buildup on both sides it is very easy to start that we see the demise of their honesty today but i still believe it is possible to reach agreements with our show on arms control however just last month again citing russian violations the us pulled out of the open skies treaty which allows signatories to fly over each other's territory and keep an eye on military movements this move casts a shadow over negotiations on the last rema

go took over he was very sick at the time didn't last long either and then of course he went from gorbachev who said as recently as january that he does not want that to happen again because it will destabilize the country so if he stays until 83 he's basically contradicting himself so most experts in moscow believe that this is about you know keeping his options open keeping some cards and play not becoming a lame duck now if he does as i said if used pulling the wool over everybody's eyes and he doesn't tend to sit in the kremlin for 16 years well the charitable way of looking at it is that he'd only be a year older than joe biden would be leaving office and 2025 if he wins and this autumn in america or the way i look at it is my god like 36 years will be a long time in. another element a of this course a lot of discussion at least outside the rushers the the need to ban same sex marriage is that a step in the right direction or is that just perhaps a reflection of different temperaments different cultures around the world. well i'm obviously not russian i don't agree with that but the po

gorbachev, tear down this wall.d applause] bret: many proclaimed socialism had failed so badly

were 2 political force one was those reprise any by the chinese students their hero was of me high gorbachev who happened to be in their slogan was silly unions today charles to more than so the idea was political reform 1st other reforms 2nd otherwise be hopeless and messy which opposite he saw. it he sought you know china must have economic reform 1st as a reform 2nd this priority must be set clear. unfortunately at that particular moment in 99 the 2 political forces could not reach a compromise so definitely a tragedy occurred. it was more than a tragedy it was a massacre. of which the memory remains a raw presence in modern china. why does the chinese state still fear the few. the few who speak out and i'm thinking of. that place i mean the man won the nobel peace prize. and he's in prison he's a violet the child is a law you know by march so. pretty free of expression similar views by many people but he really going to dijkstra. challenge the government to implement democratic reforms and spent a total of 13 years in prison. why can't a confident china except a criticism like this so mo

gorbachev, tear down this wall.ing and applause] bret: many proclaimed socialism had failed so badly that it was gone forever but

were 2 political force one was those rupees only by the chinese students their hero was me how you gorbachev who happen to be one slogan was so unions today charles 2 more so the idea was political reform 1st as. reform otherwise be hopeless and those mess you which opposite he saw. it he saw china must have you can just as a reform 2nd this power. must be set clear. is the front line of a beckoning war with china we can't continue to allow china to rape our country and that's what they're doing there never have been 2 countries more into dependent on each other then china and the us in history there's like a total disconnect with the changing world you have a giant rising power in this case china. why would you expect the giant rising power to not want to have more control over. what is that what's the purpose i mean where are we going to stop this process before it starts the war. and then if the war starts where does that end. if you were in beijing looking out the pacific ocean you'd see american warships when miss somehow time is aiming to replace america and around the world all the ch

but remember, chernobyl actually helped mikhail gorbachev, the leader of the soviet union, to understand how gone awry his own government was. he actually changed course in some ways after that. but right now, the lies and misinformation are coming from the president of the united states himself. by the way, it's not just a false narrative he was saying on hannity. there were numerous untrue, factual statements that were never corrected by hannity, never corrected by fox. there is a difference, and i think it's important to hold to in this political year, it's not just ideology that trump and hannity are offering. it's actual untruths never corrected on air. >> in a few decades when i tell my grandkids about this time in our lives, they're not going to believe it. it's going to sound like fixes. some of it is so unbelievable. kirsten, i want you to have the last word. is the takeaway about the media, that media outlets need to take their influence a lot more seriously? >> well, i do think they have to take it more seriously. at the same time, i think fox does understand the power they ha

of us remember him for, solidarity movement in which freed poland from communism and worked with gorbachevsident reagan to end communism as we knew it in the eastern bloc. he was -- he did it, though, through the solidarity movement which was a peaceful protest of abusive government. i think it would be a great opportunity for the president to invoke john paul ii's name and say as a country we need to come together in unity and in peace. john paul ii had to [ inaudible ] a lot of other movements were trying to use violence to obtain their motives or their end, their objective. john paul ii said no to that, that through solidarity we can have victory. i hope president trump invokes that same message. stuart: very good point there, jonathan, because you're quite right. essentially, pope john paul ii had a huge role in defeating communism. certainly in the soviet union and certainly in his native poland. as you say, he did it peacefully. john paul ii was not a man to -- he wasn't anybody to sort of shout and scream about violence and end it now and burn it down. he was the exact opposite. yet

and actually when gorbachev got out with the vice president, all they're doing is throwing a bone tohe black people. they're trying anything they can to get these black votes and once they get them, the black people aren't going to get it until four more years. the crowd size is what gets me. can you imagine biden trying to get up and talk to that many people? he crumbles and bumbles when he's looking at notes. so i can't see people wanting somebody like that to run this country. he is unfit and we need -- trump's done great things, the best economy ever, lowest unemployment. i know people talk about the stock market. there's a lot of small time people that's in the stock market with their 401's through work. so that just -- it's not for rich people. it's for all kinds of people. and host: thank you. thanks for the call from memphis, tennessee. he's the former co-host of cbs this morning, former moderator of cbs' "face the nation." now a "60 minutes" correspondent and political analyst for cbs news and is out with the newest book entitled "the hardest job in the world, the american p