it was founded in the 15th century and he was followed by nine other living gurus and guru gorbansingh was the 10th. he ordained for the sikh's the form we see, identity we see the men wearing turbans and other articles of faith. it was the 10th guru -- >> what year did the 10th -- >> 1699 was the year when this was established. it came out because of the persecution the sikh's faced. our fifth guru who established the golden temple and he took the writings of the guru's hymns they had written and that of the other saints and compiled it into scriptures he was martyred by the mogul rulers of that time. he was the first sikh guru martyred and then the ninth guru was also murdered by the mogul rulers in delhi. so out of that the pacifist sikhs, over a period of time turned into fight up for their rights and the guru ordained this form so that the sikhs could stand out and stand up for anybody's rights if they are persecuted under tire any or injustice. >> i read somewhere, to be a sikh is to be a warrior both for the outside and also for the insign. >> saint soldiers. >> saint soldiers.