these quaker families including women one of them who i wrote about colorful interesting person grace anna lewis wrote in a memoir how come a part of a quaker rural family. she wrote about how she and other women have a sewing circle where they just made clothing for fugitives because fugitives were wearing rags basically when i escaped or slave clothing and they look like slaves. she'd said we didn't want them to look like they were slaves as we were sending them off so we made this clothing for them. in new york and other cities women held these anti-slavery bazaars or affairs were they sold things and sometimes the money would go to help fugitive slaves. bake sales to help help fugitives in new york able women of -- holding these piers to raise money to help the fugitives. so it was both inter-racial and male and female working to assist fugitive slaves in the northern states. >> host: i'm always struck by the fact that abolitionists are anti-slavery but many of them are also anti-black. how do you explain this? >> guest: racism as you know of course was deeply embedded in northern as well a

quaker families including women, one of whom i wrote about very colorful interesting person, grace anna lewis. she wrote in a memoir part of the quaker rural family that helped fugitives how she and other women had a sewing circle where they just made clothing for fugitives because fugitives were wearing rags basically, when they escaped and they looked like slaves. she said we didn't want them to look like slaves, so we made this clothing for them. in new york and other cities women held these anti-slavery bazaars or fairs where they sold things, and sometimes the money would go to help fugitive slaves. like bake sales, you might almost say, to help fugitives. a committee of black women in new york city in the 1850s was holding these fairs to raise money to help the fugitives. so it was an -- it was both interracial and male and female working to assist fugitive slaves in the northern states. >> host: i'm always struck by fact that abolitionists are anti-slavery, but many of them are also anti-black. how do do you explain this? >> guest: there were -- you you know racism, as you know, of cou