so last admiral, grace hopper. in the navy we call her amazing grace.world war ii happens she has a phd in mathematics or meall university, she is naturally brilliant. she's teaching mathematics in university, she knows she wants to be in the war effort. the problem is, the navy is not bringing women in. she only weighs 105 pounds. the men will wait to get into the navy as 120 pounds. she starts drinking milkshakes.. [laughter] 's a good problem to have. eventually, she puts on enough weight but what really happens is we need her. we need her brilliant mind as we are coming up with a div computers built the first mainframe at 8 feet wide and 50 feet long. we've got to figure out how to program this thing. the idea of programming does not exist computer science doesn't exist. she invents all doubt the small group of people. she writes cobol, still used today. i started programming in cobol myself in the 1970s, met grace hopper. shoot tiny, energetic, always had a smile on her face. young grace hopper, somebody wanted to have a beer with. she was terrific

when the mathematician grace hopper, who had a phd from yale in mathematics, was assigned to program the mark when computer at harvard in 1944, she was given no extracts -- instruction and she reverse engineered the machine she had been assigned to, working nights, sleeping under her desk, studying wiring diagrams and taking components apart until she felt she understood the workings as well as, if not better than, some of the engineers who had built the machine. the same was true for the six women assigned to the first electronic programmable computer by the u.s. army at the university of pennsylvania. here, we're talking about programming at the machine level. when you talk programming now competing sitting at the program, typing symbols. this is not what programming was in the 1940's. this is a computer the size of the room. . to program a machine like this, you had to crawl around inside this giant room sized machine making an ephemeral connections in time with patch cables and punchcards. it was something that was very physical, replacing burned-out vacuum tubes, and fixing shor

[laughter] >> not so much a question but some trivia about grace hopper.ire: yes, please. >> in the 1980's, she was promoted to the one star rank of commodore. and that's the time when pc's were deployed everywhere. radioshack, and of the commodore computer. so in some quarters, she was referred to as the computer commodore. you mentioned earlier, her work with compilers and assemblers and trying to take simple language and use a machine to translate things in to a language that computers could work with. and she was so focused on making that connection and thatnicating to people, among other things, whenever she had a public display, she would distribute what she called a nanosecond. a nanosecond, in her definition, is the distance it takes the speed of light to travel in a nanosecond. so it is about 12 inches. so she would distribute these as a way to communicate to people that when you see tv reporters talking to each other and there was a delay in the conversation, it was because of satellite transmissions taking time. but clearly she was a real rule-b

.t's short for common business- oriented langua co-created by grace hopper 61 years ago, the computer codeas first developed when steve jobs was a four-year-old and computers took up the whole side of a room. many of the world's programmers have moved pascobol, but it's still around in banking and governments.g, and in many state >> cobol fits into almost every government system or agen. >> reporter: bill hinshaw is the founder of the texas-based cobol cowboys, named after the clint eastwood movie "space cowboys" in which nasa brings back retired astronauts to help fix a broken russian satellite about to crash into earth. >> the only men for the job. >> is anyo still alive who can fix this thing? >> are the boys. ♪ >> i can't fill up a space shuttle with geriatrics! >> reporter: hinshaw's group is a collection of 350 freelance cobol progs who work all over the world with the software. >> today there's about 220 billion with a "b" lines of cobol in use with another 150 n with a "b" that's bein added every year. >> reporter: hinshaw stresses, the problem is not with cobol itself, the pr

computer program its name is cobol common business oriented language and it was created in 1959 by grace hopper who i just spoke to she can't believe that we're still using the code either. and it's really widespread 61 years later cobol runs the social security administration the v.a. the treasury department and many banks use it to process credit card transactions in 2020 because i just don't teach it anymore so there's a total lack of experts only one programmer maintained colorado's cobol unemployment system before the corona virus outbreak and they get by with one dude now now states are calling for cobol volunteers to help with the massive demand on unemployment agencies like with governor of new jersey in our list of volunteers judy no only do we need health care workers but given the legacy systems we should add a page for cobalt. computer skills because that's what we're dealing with but literally we have. systems that are 40 plus years old and they'll be and they'll be lots of post-mortems and one of them on our list will be how the heck did we get here we literally needed cobol progr

. >> not so much a question, but a trivia about grace hopper.the 80s, she was promoted to the one star rank of commodor and that is when pcs were deployed everywhere. and in some quarters she was referred to as a computer commodor, and you mentioned earlier her work about compilers and assemblers and trying to take simple plain english language and using a machine to translate things into language that computers could work with. and she was so focused on making that connection and communicating to people that among other things when she had a public display, she would distribute what she called a nano second, it was the distance of the speed of light in a nano second, so it was about 12 inches, and it was a way to communicate people to say when you see tv reporters talking to each other, and there is a delay in the conversation, it is because of satellite transmissions taking time, but clearly she was a real rule breaker and she trained and told the people that worked on her team to break the rules, but they were in the navy, and still observe t

the last admiral, grace hopper. in the navy we call her amazing grace. world war ii happens. she is a ph.d in mathematics from yale university. brilliant. she is teaching. mathematics at a university. she knows she wants to be in the war effort. ... we've got to figure out howro to program this. the idea a program it doesn't exist, computer science doesn't exist. she invents all about. she writes cobalt. still used today. i started writing myself in the 1970s. she was tiny, energetic, always had a smile on her face. somebody you wanted to have a beer with. she was terrificas because she s unafraid to try everything new. intellectual curiosity was her character traits. right about now, your to say okay, admiral, what you think? what are the attributes or character that come out of those admirals? i will hit those quickly and then we will open up our comments and questions. first attribute that i believe comes across again and again as a character attribute if you want that big door of leadership to swing from the quality you have to have is this -- empathy. listening better. w