markets in fact, german grantham recently said there are obvious levels of super enthusiasm that thee will burst in months, not years. we're joined by ed benching. ed, first of all, welcome to the program. good morning. thanks for joining us. you, i guess agree with jeremy grantham in the sense that we will have a correction of some sort fairly soon in u.s. equities, right? ed: well, i certainly think, matt, that that is the risk, because we had a very big movement in equity markets, and i think that rather than think there is big bubble, i see a number of many bubbles appearing -- mini-bubbles appearing in the market. specs, which are -- spacs, which have done very well, cryptocurrencies. there's a long list of min i-bubbles. in terms of retail enthusiasm, while and for democratization of stock market, there are some concerning signs looking at things like the explosion and call option volumes in the u.s. for retail investors. these are weapons of mass destruction. i'm not sure this is the best way for new retail investors to be investing in the stock market, and that's why i sugges