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hi, i'm ajay gambier, - iworkjust around the corner at the grantham institute for climate change - andask, i is it a surprise to any of you that we are now in this world where we are seeing i cost—competitive clean energy that can compete with fossil . fuels, or was that, _ in your mind, an inevitability, and if so, why? i'm going to offer that to danielle. so, danielle? thank you, yes. i think it was inevitable, and one of the reasons why most in this space would say that is that we can see these learning curves of cost reduction over time, over decades of time. in solar, in wind, in battery, in most technical arenas, where the certain doubling, for example, the volume of this technology being put out into the world comes out with a cost reduction. so each curve will have a different rate of learning. solar was a 24% learning curve rate, meaning for every doubling of solar power volume out in the world, it'd be 24% reduction in cost. and as you continue to see volume increase in these technologies you will continue to see cost reduction. thank you so much, danielle. so we are now goin

a judge at the high court in london has suspended for 9 months, all lawsuits fall by grantham, tower survivors, and the relatives of those who perished in the tragedy is encouraging all parties to reach a certain down to court. instead of going to trial like in 2017, the recently refurbished diploma, but was consumed by inferno that last 72 dead novel shook. his mother, sister, brother in law and 3 nieces, all died. the family is not be loss will priceless. they won't make any difference whatsoever to my life or anything because they were more valuable than they will never ever be replace counts ability you know, that's most important for me. more than anything you know to, to find that the blame was. busy to be for them to be accountable for it. that's like just stuck on the wrist. i don't have much faith in this is all because it's very out. date. people have go away. i believe really do believe we've got away with mother. but nevertheless, the rules to keep fighting to suit the justice. the reason behind the rapid spread of the fire was believed to be the exterior, cladding, thous

well, earlier i spoke to alina of a chin, clover, who is a distinguished policy fellow at the grantham, research institute on climate change in the environment. this is abundance school of economics and political science. she says what we think that affect the reports you've already seen shows that we are living with the impact of climate change right now. i think scientists increasingly clear that those of the frequency of those extreme events is increasing due to climate sense. and we'll see more of that in the future. the example of siberia and the impact of climate change that the facing at the moment. i think that's one of the example sofa really extreme change from that to change that just happening and different regions. there was also reports, for example, on the fresh what's the leg disappearing and non toxic of because of, of, of the i see it melting basically. so we will see more and more of such as amps, and i think it is very significant. the mounting of thermal will be a significant source of emissions as well because better for us captures a lot of greenhouse gases on as

this, on scott, from london, alina average, and clover, who is a distinguished policy fellow at the grantham, research institute on climate change in the environment that is at the london school of economics and political science. i know you couldn't necessarily see the graphs i was pointing to that, but i think the short stories that there's a lot of if there aren't there, if pledges come through, if we keep to these sorts of levels optimistically, we may only reach that 2.0 degrees change, it's not looking that great who doesn't feel like it's looking that great. welcome . absolutely right, we're running out of time and climate change is not just a threat of the future. we're living it every day. and that graph that you're shown, you know, free degrees temperature increase. we haven't seen that for the past 3000000 years . at that time, the sea level was 10 to 20 meter of higher than what we have today. so we absolutely need more cons. that is making commitments to get to mission. so mad 0 but also keep the plans and i think what is helping the extreme events that's different regions of fa

i'm nowjoined by swenja surminski — she's the deputy director, grantham research institute on climates. good afternoon. how shocked are you, if at all, at the scale of this? well, indeed, these archery shocking pictures from belgium and germany and my thoughts are with all those affected. i am german and our institute works with some of the communities in those areas affected in western germany as part of our work so it is really sad. i think a shocking part is the impact on life and livelihoods. the rainfall fits into the climate change projections and that is what we have been known for some time. the impact on lives and these high numbers of casualties, that is really shocking. yes, so if you work in the field of flood resilience and we are talking in some parts of germany about two months worth of rainfall in two days, first of, can you make an area flood resilient if you are talking about that sheer quantity of water? there is no silver bullet and yes, the sheer quantity is a huge problem and as we have seen, it has overwhelmed infrastructure and buildings simply crashed. i think

largest beneficiaries of this trend told me it made them uncomfortable, like legendary investor jeremy granthamr in america, the percentage of gdp that goes to finance has gone from three-and-a-half to eight-and-a-half. (laughs) where in a way, we're like a giant bloodsucker and we we have more than doubled in size and sucking more than twice the blood out of the rest of the economy. and we do not generate any widgets, we not generate any real increase in income. we are just a cost. >> jacoby: when you say "we," you mean you and other members of the financial communi have been this kind of bloodsucker on the economy? is that what you're saying? >> yes, collectively we fulfill a completely necessary service, but what we have done is created layers upon layers of more and moreonvoluted, expensive financial instruments. and that's what makes all the profits for the financial industry, and it's taken a lot of ingenuity and salesmanship to make this happen and a lot of lobbying in congress, etc., etc., and we have imposed on the rest of the economy the idea that banking and finance are utterly impor