joining us now is the author of the article, greg ipp. it's great to see you. >> great to talk to you. thanks for having me. >> in reading the article, you like ten situation that we find ourselves in today with these tech giants very similar to historical precedent, which was standard oil and at&t, which both dominated their respective that's right. there is important similarities and differences. the similarity of course is that they are both gigantic. both sort of technological leaders. they both are gateways to critical parts of the economy. oil and telephones in the old days or whether it is thor is net today. that gateway position gives them extreme leverage and monopoly profits. the differences. google and facebook give their stuff away for free. argue thatter gouging customers. even the stuff they do sell like advertg rates have been falling year in and year out. they are also creating new product. so you couldn't argue their innovation is falling apart. it creates sort of a difficult situation you are in the antitrust field today