andra griggs was suffering through heroin withdrawal was not given medication for that.ne as a method to try to get griggs and johnson to confess to crimes they say they never committed. those confessions formed the vast majority of the evidence against them. this was something we saw as well zuley doing at guantÁnamo. he told slahi, you can either be a witness or you can be a defendant. all the a to do was confess. slahi's torture much like the others, was so bad that he eventually just said, i'll sign whatever you put in front of me. he put in his book, if you want to buy i am selling. before that, just one of the methods zuley employed, zuley threatened to have his mother taken a guantanamo bay and what he described as the all-male environment. i don't think it is particularly hard to understand that threat. >> before we go, chicago has a long history of police torture. this month, the notorious chicago police commander jon burge was released from a halfway house after he served 4.5 years for lying under oath. burge is accused of leading a ring that interrogated more

>> this court -- two major opinions on this are, of course, griggs and smith. the same issue was wrestled with with the other courts who have found the same thing in the court of appeals. wrestling with this because of, and it at least admits it is a -- it can't -- it's a permissible reading either way. >> in smith, however the court -- the plurality opinion cited two additional things. it didn't just say because of can mean disparate impact. it cited the effects language garage, which was the subject of some questions during general keller's argument, but it also cited the rfoa provision. neither of those -- i think the lad latter is more significant and there's nothing like that in title 8, is there? >> the exemptions are similar. he came in said and even if you have disparate impact, if it's a reasonable factor other than age, we're going to excuse the disparate impact. now, the exemptions speak to the disparate impact, and there's nothing in there that says to use it -- there's another reason you can excuse it, that those don't count. >> is that critical to