. >> reporter: enter denmark groover. representatives, fell out of power, and he blamed, quote, negro block voting, for his loss, according to a report by the u.s. department of the interior. a vocal segregationist, he was determined to stop black georgians' growing political power -- "if you want to establish if i was racially prejudiced, i was. if you want to establish that some of my political activity was racially motivated, it was." groover said that in a deposition years later. in 1963, one year after the supreme court struck down the county unit system, groover, now back in office, proposed a new election system, the runoff. >> groover explicitly talked about how, even if the white vote were divided in the first election and a black made the runoff, whites could come together as a majority to win in the runoff. >> reporter: not all runoff systems are rooted in racism. maine, for example, has a very small black population, but it uses a rank choice system that's effectively an instant runoff, if no candidate reaches

a segregationist, groover was dedicated to stop the growing political power of blacks.te, if you want to establish if i was racially prejudiced, it was, groover would say in a deposition years later. in 1963, one year after the supreme court struck down the county unit system, groover, now back in office, proposed a new election system, the runoff. >> groover explicitly talked about how even if the white vote were divided in the first election and a black made the runoff, whites could come together as a majority to win in the runoff. >> reporter: not all runoff systems are rooted in racism. maine, for example, has a very small black population but it uses a ranked choice system that's effectively an instant runoff if no candidate reaches 50%. but if you look at the seven states that hold traditional runoff elections, if nobody gets a majority, all of those states are in the south. as for georgia, in a year marked by widespread protests and demands for racial and social justice, the state's runoff system remains a glaring reminder of the systemic racism engrained in the

. >> reporter: enter denmark groover, who fell out of power and blamed, quote, negro bloc voting for his loss, according to a report of the u.s. department of the interior a vocal segreg aegsist, groover was determined to stop their growing power. >> he explicitly talked about how even if the white vote were divided in the first election and a black made the runoff, whites could come together as a majority to win in the runoff. >> reporter: in 1964, the runoff system became law in georgia. >> no blacks have been elected to the senior offices in georgia, meaning governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, ever so apparently it worked. >> reporter: not all runoff systems are rooted in racism but if you look at the seven states that hold traditional runoff elections if nobody gets a majority, all of those states are in the south as for georgia, in a year marked by whyspread protests and demands for racial and social justi justice, the state's runoff system remains a glaring reminder of the systemic racism engrained in the fabric of america, lingering in one of the values we hold

we know that denmark groover, did it precisely to under mine the black voters in elections. for georgia, this racist system continues. and i think that the republicans this year went by their own gat tar. while they were able to use it to block him from taking his position, they also found david purdue forced in a runoff that he is in danger of losing. where do we stand? you pointed out it's a republic. we are a republic. we ask the people to show up to go to their ballot boxes and say who they want to see as leaders. we are asking georgians to find your closest polling place and to make certain you bank your vote and make a plan to vote before january 5 lt. if we want a stronger democracy, if we want the republican to stand, we have to show up for it and that means showing up. we are incredibly excited. we are seeing unprecedented turnout. more than 50,000 who voted so far did not vote in the general election. we have new voices that want to be heard, and we know they want to be heard on covid relief, access to health care. they want access to jobs and they want more than $

groover. >> very brief, please. >> i do not have much to add, but just to say that as we plan the eua studies in the next few weeks, the negative designs which we can measure real world effectiveness, and we are thinking very much indeed to select long-term care facilities. thank you. >> thank you. dr. cohen, and then we are going to start discussing the voting question. you're muted! >> still can't hear you, amanda. amanda, we can't hear you. >> okay. i apologize. can you hear me now? >> yes. >> i was wondering if you could tell us what the -- what the timelines may be for authorization or approval in the other countries that you have, argentina, brazil, germany, south africa, and turkey. and if there -- what is the plan in terms of those countries people continuing in this placebo versus unblinding those participants, as well at the same time as unblinding in the u.s.? >> i think the brief answer is, again, our whole unblinding process is going to be done in cooperation with regulatory authorities, both here as well as elsewhere. i think we will take into account national recommenda

groover to respond in addition to the additional data. when it comes to severe disease, i would like to invite dr. steven thomas to give his of the medical >>ortance of preventing -- we need to keep it brief. >> i can be fairly brief here. to the question as we heard earlier, quite a bit of work to prepare the data package. note november 14, we have done an additional unblinded analysis. we will do that at the direction of the fda. potential to look at that again. enough additional cases to enlarge that data. data wherehasize the , in my the 1-9 split compelling for evidence of protection. i think it is just a matter of getting enough cases and we have the potential for more cases over time. >> do you have anything to add? >> agree. those discussions when additional data will be posted. the is not the topic for discussion today. >> let's go on. got 10 people who want to ask questions. with the clip. findings of loss of smell and that, his cerebral palsy all, it could not be associated with some sort of immunological response? the second i