thanks to the attorneys representing guantanamo detainees. we know about the utter lack of due process, about torture and degrading an inhumane treatment that continues to take place there. but much of what we knew in the earlier part of guantanamo was, existence was fragmentary. our next guest changed all that using his background as a researcher and an investigative journalist, he sought to document what happened to every single prisoner who passed through guantanamo, as well as those who will likely spend the rest of their lives there. and beyond that, he has cultivated sources outside of guantanamo that have allowed him to report on us covert action operations and capture and render people around the world who in the end have never been charged with a crime. andy worthington joins us today. andy is a british historian, author investigative journalist and filmmaker, he's the author of the book, the guantanamo files, the stories of the 774 detainees in america's illegal prison. he's also published a myriad of articles about one ton of mo, a

that led to the only time in guantanamo history. where the little actually applied and in a number of coal herrings over 3 dozen, these men had their release ordered by judge rule that the u. s. government had failed to demonstrate that these people were involved in any meaningful sense without height or the taliban. on other groups and then the appeals court got all these decisions and then they started making life difficult. and eventually they, they passed a number of rulings reducing the prison as ability to successfully secure what we have. yes, rulings, and eventually, you know, came to the ruling where they said everything that the u. s. government says, must be treated as present to be accurate. and last men who held with rights misplaced some had demonstrated the best we should have that. but the supreme court then failed to, to take the culture of appeal. so the culture appeals, we wrote that have a decision that was taken by the supreme court. and since then, only one prison that must have behaviors. petition granted. so

in 2002 , the united states prison was established at guantanamo states of america in which there werepeople whom the americans considered terrorists , islamists, radicals. the american base in guantan existed for a very long time and even after the caribbean crisis it could not be removed. well, we know that as a result of the cuban missile crisis, the united states had the soviet union detect its missiles from the territory of cuba, but in response, secretly without advertising this action, the united states removed its missiles from turkey from italy. so it was such an exchange. . uh, well, and even more an important result for cuba was a guarantee not to attack cuba. the americans gave such a guarantee, they respected it. but meanwhile , the guantanama base was preserved on the territory of cuba, and there, uh, this infamous prison exists. by the way, this is a military base , it is located on the territory of cuba. and uh , the cubans never recognized and did not allow after the cuban revolution, uh, its belonging to the united states of america, but as they say to the americans.

is the still torturing people at guantanamo. we don't know. the ca says the torture program ended years ago and we're just going to have to take their word for it. i for one will not our guest tonight is joseph hickman. joe hickman spent most of his life in the military 1st as a marine. and then as a soldier in both the army and in the national guard, he's deployed on several military operations around the world. sometimes attached to foreign militaries, the recipient of more than 20 commendations and metals. hickman was awarded the army achievement metal and the army commendation metal. while he was stationed at one tunnel, jo, welcome to the show. john. thanks for joining us, joe. i want to cut directly to the revelations that you made, joe, the events leading up to it are somewhat typical of national security whistleblowers in that you were just the guy doing his job. and then one night, something terrible happened. it involves the deaths of 3 prisoners, all on the same night at guantanamo. tell us what happened. well then i was your 9 to 6

and then you wrote about his further torture and his treatment at guantanamo. i was a beta, we believed at the c. i was the number 3 and i'll kinda he wasn't, but a lot of people, particularly at my former, my former organization that i did not like that book, not even a little bit. but then you went further and wrote an important book about the u. s . military is use of toxic, burn pits in places like kosovo and iraq. what kind of challenges do you now face as a whistleblower who has focused for years on waste fraud abuse and l account and illegalities? specifically in the u. s. military i. i face people loving the job, you came forward to because you came for the whistleblower. you want to use your position. you love that you want to make things better and that's what you want better. it's not job. whistle blowing is trying to make your organization better. respect to me. that's what it is. yeah. and then for you personally, have things got easier as the years have, have gone by. i know, in my own case, in the sea, i turned its attention 1st to ed snowden and

today we're going to speak with a guest who's served at guantanamo for the u. s. military. he witnessed crimes committed against detainees, and then he went public. he risked everything his career, his finances, even his family. but in the end, all these years later, almost nothing has changed. dozens of prisoners are still being held incommunicado at guantanamo, in many cases, they aren't even allowed to access to their own attorneys. and almost none have ever been charged for the crime is the ca still torturing people at one tunnel. we don't know. the cia says the torture program ended years ago, and we're just going to have to take their word for it. i for one will not our guest tonight is joseph hickman. joe hickman spent most of his life in the military 1st as a marine. and then as a soldier in both the army and the national guard, he's deployed on several military operations around the world, sometimes attached to foreign militaries, the recipient of more than 20 commendations and metals. hickman was awarded the army achievement metal and the army commendation metal.

prisons in guantanamo consisted and consists in the fact that this is not the territory of the unitedtes and therefore the laws of the united states do not apply there and a person can be kept in prison indefinitely without charge and in general apply various methods to obtain the necessary information. it is one thing from him when he beats and tortures people. they conduct third -degree interrogations in the united states, but it's a different story when it happens at a gontana military base. as far as we know, there were three or four people of russian citizens, and these are people who were suspected of terrorism, or of planning terrorist attacks against the americans, that is, us law is very severely prosecuted from those who not only committed terrorist attacks, not only planned and took some action to hmm kill the americans, but even talked about it and expressed some thoughts that this would be nice to do. this is also a crime under american law. there were also a lot of people from the taliban. here from the taliban too, when the americans invaded afghanistan , many leaders o

on february 19, 2002, shafik rasool, a british citizen imprisoned in guantanamo bay, filed a federal court petition for a writ of injunction to test the lawfulness of his detention similarly, the prisoner mamdukh did the same. habib is an australian citizen the united states district court for the district of columbia united them in the case of rasool v bushy it was alleged that the government did not allow the detainees to contact friends, family or lawyers and did not give any details about the reasons for the detention this is just one of the many facts about what is happening in guantanamo prison periodically pop up in public space. in 2002 it was created. states of america which the americans considered terrorists the american base in the guantane existed for a very long time and even after the caribbean crisis it failed. delete well, we know that as a result of the cuban missile crisis, the united states achieved that the soviet union detected its missiles from the territory of cuba, but in response, secretly without advertising this action, the united states removed its missil

the cost of guantanamo is as mommic -- astronomic.e spend more than $540 million each year to keep guantanamo open for just 32 detainees. let me repeat that. $540 million a year in taxpayers' money to keep guantanamo open for 32 detainees. that's nearly $17 million a year for each detainee. it's an outrage. and 18 of those men have been cleared for release for a long period. we must not forget that guantanamo is set up to be outside the reach of the law, outside the reach the constitution, outside the reach of the concept of habeas corpus, outside the reach of due process and outside the reach of geneva conventions. that's why it was chosen. we must not forget the detainees were held incommunicado and actually tortured at guantanamo. we must not forget that more than half the men still there continue to be detained indefinitely without any charge or any trial. in america we must stand for something better than that. guantanamo bay sadly is a historic stain on america's long pursuit of the cause of justice. we have a responsibility to

s. military, that's torture at guantanamo. and we're going to discuss that separately. and on these bern pits, what has the reaction been to you personally by the u. s. military? i'm sure the rank and file are grateful for what you've done. i know that my friend, david's widow, is grateful for what you've done. but what's the reaction been from the pentagon? pentagon prevents the. i had a hard time. when i came for this group, one time 1st radar was still active duty and it was probably a really bad time. you are my but i had to because literally a library so they, they gave me a hard time sometimes which amount to much age because there is payroll issues, some issues with where i was station the move to a different job. it was a lot of problems in a lot of people hired and then spoke them pretty roughly for the people in my life years got longer and i missed re i logged in casting. jo hickman, thank you so much for joining us today. that's all we have for you today. remember in this case, the words of the dalai lama. a compassionate concern for others well being is the

all the human rights abuses and torture that did happen at guantÁnamo bay for years and years.thing, sadly this will likely score him point with that audience. >> yeah, juanita, i do agree with you. if he came out tomorrow and said hey i force fed them, i torture them, i water border them, he will go up in the gop polls sadly. it's just the nature of the gop base right now. stuart, another strange moment in that interview, 9/11 related, to have a watch. >> where were you on 9/11? >> you know, i had just graduated to college and was not a care in the world and then all of a sudden boom, it just happened. and so i already had been accepted or planning to go to law school, and that is when i decided to start looking into other career choices. >> stuart, how is it possible that the man who wanted to be the next republican president of the united states cannot remember where he was on 9/11? >> i guess it's better than donald trump who made up a story that he was at 9/11, but this is a very weird interview. even the fact that, why is he doing an interview with piers morgan, a guy who

were operating a special pentagon program code-named patina earlier, worked out in afghanistan and guantanamond was behind the whole program , the us secretary of defense later became. it is known that the president of the united states, having signed a number of documents under pressure from rumsfield, actually legalized the torture of prisoners of war even before the invasion of iraq, this is simply disgusting, the way these prisoners were treated simply. this is how they are treated, but it does not reflect the nature of the entire american people, the tsrushniks who spoke with hersh were very dissatisfied with both the program and arabld itself, in their opinion. minister of defense guided by the desire to push the cia away from secret operations and transfer them to military intelligence, the interspecific struggle between the two departments played well. all his interlocutors unanimously stated that it was the iraqi insurgents who were the target of this program with torture in the prison about ugrade, and weapons of mass destruction were only a destroyed pretext for the invasion of can

december 11, 2006 in the city of tehran or latin diana rah a prisoner was launched which today is guantanamo north, the management of communications was initially established for terrorist prisoners, but gradually muslim prisoners entered the prison with the smallest crime and their communication with the outside was completely limited. jashra should communicate with his acquaintances. the prison authorities should perform congregational prayers once or twice a week. according to the report of the united states department of justice, from the time of september 11 to march 2011, more than 800 cases of vandalism and arson against muslims were filed. the anthem donald trump has become the president of the united states of america and it has become worse than before. the statistics of the american intelligence and social policy research center show that 60% of muslims in this country experienced racial and religious discrimination during one year , as well as the report of the american federal police. shortly after trump's victory, they show that attacks on islamic centers and mosques in the uni

it's really hard to envisage _ like guantanamo bay?mean, we are already spinning something like £700 million a day putting asylum—seekers up in something like 200 hotels and even worse not allowing them to work or permitting them to pay their own way while they are waiting forjudgment and that way can be quite long. i mean, a few years ago, only 8% of asylum—seekers had to wait more than six months and now only 8% weight less than six months. so you've a massive backlog, and you have to build quite a lot at military facilities to accommodate tens of thousands of people which is what the situation is right now. mr downer was saying the government in austria did not want a part of the human migration packed in 2018, but clearly they works intricately at odds with the un on various conventions. do you think the government here is ready for that and what happens if this is contested under the european convention on human rights? i contested under the european convention on human rights? i don't think that convention on human rights? i don'

. >> sergeant jonathan was a great american and served with me in guantanamo bay.at a reunion a couple of years ago and he is on the right side. a patriot, a hard work to my coworker, quirky, funny guy, people loved him. if there was action he would be there and a great soldier, eve 5, fourth squad first would tune second of the 113th and honor of serving with him for a year in guantanamo bay. one of those forgotten men and women who put on the line for all of us here then a couple of mornings, he is driving to work 6:30 in the morning. he is a mechanic for a local fire station, for a company that makes fire equipment. he has a mechanic. he's hit in a head-on collision by 14-year-old criminal. you know these criminal gangs in new york, new jersey, they used juveniles because they will get a slap on the wrist and be let go. the 14-year-old comes out unscathed and the sergeant was killed on impact. and there is a memorial today. i have been in touch with all of the guys. he is beloved. this is rampant criminality and consequences of the 14-year-old dirtbag from a cri

a saudi engineer who was locked up at guantanamo bay prison for 21 years without charge has been released and repatriated. 48-year-old ghassan al sharbi was detained in pakistan following the 9/11 attacks, where he says he was tortured before being sent to guantanamo. 31 people remain locked up at the military prison, 17 have been cleared for transfer if a host country can be identified. in the occupied west bank, israeli forces killed three palestinians in another raid in jenin less than 48 hours another -- a previous raid in the city killed six palestinians. meanwhile, u.s. defense secretary lloyd austin arrived in tel aviv after delaying his arrival by one day amidst a spate of violence against palestinians and ongoing mass protests against the government's plan to gut the judiciary. austin is expected to also discuss iran during his visit to israel. the republic of georgia has withdrawn a controversial bill that critics say violated press freedom and civil society after days of protests. the proposed law would have required nongovernmental organizations and independent media outlets t

the global side knows about abu ghraib and the prison on guantanamo that still open so i can agree that that kind of yeah. element really the idea that the very idea. 5 is trying to separate cummins funding from p r c itself. it's a, it's not historical. they don't offer what they talking about. b is not realistic. in any case, this is invented by people at palm pare. don't forget very much so it's become a common language now. the u. s. is either you as the leaders are using ab some european politicians use is absurd. a using human rice issue as a major instrument, full, great power haunted her. i emphasized great politics, great love ology. you need to be pragmatic. you disagree with ideology regimes that you know, character mine. but let's sit down to make a deal to see the ultimate issue is peace, all war. this is something many forgotten. europeans certainly, ah, the space are, they are not aware that their mission to have them to jump on american union, actual interpretation of taiwan ish. cuz remember, there was always a 2 size interpretation. if you follow the history of the tai

extended methods, interrogations expanded the boundaries of this madness as much as they could, and in guantanamo to be naxi. feed the prisoners, which is contrary to all ethical medical standards. doctors also took part in other tortures and helped to conduct interrogations, that is, they ended up with what they themselves accused saddam hussein of, democracy on the bones and the raktsy did not line up to scold the americans came and said we will give you everything you need. we will give you food, paved roads, sewerage and electricity - none of this happened. they just came, destroyed the country, stole the wealth and the people of iraq, and then left. gone for a while. under obama , experiments with geopolitical hybrids have returned from the american test tube. ended the arab spring with a ruined syria and libya. today on a capitalist hill. they're trying to shut down the gestalts senate. he put forward a bill that would cancel the permission for the use of military force of soldiers in iraq and the persian gulf, issued decades ago, while the washington cabinets are rating for the sake of giv

spent nearly four years locked up in london's notorious belmarsh prison, often called "britain's guantÁnamo has been held there as the u.s. government seeks his extradition to face espionage and other charges. if extradited and convicted in the u.s., julian faces 175 years in a maximum-security prison. in 2010, wikileaks gained international attention after publishing a trove of classified documents leaked by former u.s. army soldier chelsea manning. included were numerous accounts of war crimes in iraq. one video released by wikileaks showed a u.s. helicopter gunship in baghdad slaughtering a dozen civilians, including a reuters -- two reuters step. reuters photographer namir noor-eldeen and his driver saeed chmagh. wikileaks titled that video "collateral murder." this is an excerpt. amy: julian n democracy now! in april 2010, a day after wikileaks published the collateral murder video. >> when we first got it, we were told it was important. we had no other context. we spent quite some months looking closely into this and the more we looked, the more disturbing it became. this is a sequenc

another example of hypocrisy, especially against the backdrop of the same abu prison in iraq or the guantanamo they treat, how humanely they treat people who are in custody. so well, it remains to shrug one more example of an unworthy game without rules, and you know. i'm just a personal observation right now. my mother was uh dynamo was probably one of the most famous soviet lawyers human rights activists, and it was very critical of the soviet judicial system. nevertheless, she wrote memoirs in her books , which were first published in the united states and then were republished already in russia , she wrote, nevertheless, more than 90% of all cases in which negotiations were made in the soviet union were based on fact, and uh, here , therefore, to say like this that there was such an evil bad soviet judicial system that their terrorists could not be extradited. this argument is slightly up in the air for me. ruslan, president putin said, they will not succeed. we'll get them. it seems to me that this is probably how the vast majority of russians think and feel. we also understand that at le

the pay remains guantanamo bay t -- given the average national salary is around $60,000., that is simply not enough money for their families, who want to build generational wealth. also for some black men returning back to the classroom just brings back some of the negative trauma they faced as students. there's research out there that says that black children are disciplined more than their classmates, referred to law enforcement at higher rates than their white classmates. retention also remains a huge issue here. schools are not equipped or making the effort to try to retain black men once they become teachers in the classroom at all. >> first of all, male teachers in general, that's a very small number, right? disproportionately there aren't a whole lot of male teachers. now you're talking about black male teachers. all of us who have boys, black boys, i mean, you always wish and want there to be more male teachers in the classroom, let alone black male teachers. so talk to me about what efforts are being made to try to recruit more male teachers, more black male teac

prison one of his campaign platforms, i will vote for him. [ laughter ] [ applause ] see jimmy at guantanamogoing to gitmo, folks. >> jimmy: i have to say, i'm very envious of you because you got to do this project with mel brooks, who is maybe the funniest person in the whole world, right? >> ever, ever, yeah. >> jimmy: he is a legend. he made "history of the world part 1." many, many movies. "history of the world part 1" is one we all saw. how many times have you seen that movie? >> 100. >> jimmy: 100 times? >> yes. >> jimmy: many times. he comes to you, wanda sykes, and nick kroll, "we want to do history of the world part 2." or did you go to him and say that? >> no, i was brought into the project by nick kroll. "do you want to do history of the world part 2 with mel brooks?" i was like, is this crank anchors? what's going on? what's happening? sure enough, we were in a zoom with mel a couple of weeks later. just having him laugh at your jokes, which is, like, the light of god shining upon your face. >> jimmy: it really is, right? >> yes. >> jimmy: the best thing you could imagine. now yo

it was preparing for guantanamo defendants. high profile defendants. trump is not one of them. this is a different kind of case. it knows how to do this. with the nypd, they know how to control the area around it and also those who legitimately have access to it. my biggest concern is for the people prosecuting. they will have security details as well. they're more vulnerable. they're human beings doing their jobs. they have families and things like that. so those are the three areas security will be looking at. >> and we'll see if there's an indictment and if it comes this week. >>> to the political ramifications of any possible trump indictment in manhattan. i want to get your thoughts on coming from attorney joe tacopina. he is blaming trump's truth social post on press reports. >> right. he said it was from press reports and the d.a. was leaking. as we know, we heard time and time again the d.a. has made no notification formally to them that there is an indictment pending. it doesn't either way. right now his team is preparing for that that and it is something that they are

i thought it could wind up in guantanamo bay. i still could.all last week again. he's obsessed sometime. i don't know, he went on a tear for about eight months when he was president. every time we'd have a rally i'd have a list three pages long of the things he's called me. >> bill maher, everybody know bill maher, for example? he's a radical left maniac with modest television ratings, modest. >> depressed nut job, low rating sleazebag, and he was doing it again last week. he doesn't like i'm on cnn. i don't know why that gets to him. >> oh, he's doing it now. >> yes. he doesn't like that. >> on truth social me does that. >> or in a rally. he doesn't like that fox quotes me. when fox quotes me. and of course fox will watch one of my shows. 90% of it might be material may hate, but they take out of it. >> they do the even liberal bill maher. that's what they do to you every time. >> you have to preface it by saying we hate this guy, he's awful and but he said one good thing. i don't know. i'm afraid of trump on a very personal level because i do

i called the former it director who also had just finished serving in guantanamo bay. he was an active coast guard reservist. i called him and we still utilize as a consultant. once we had initial task force set up we knew what to do internally. it took us a lot more work after ida. that is the best practice other states might want to look at. it was very strategic. we were able to get more resources in the communication was the most important of what we needed, how we needed to get it in all hands on deck. >> thank you for my next question supervisor anderson, one thing i know is a joint election security initiative. which is really the first of its kind partnership state and local officials work together, not just by sharing information and best practices but truly to integrate the cybersecurity risk assessment of our statewide infrastructure, to strengthening cybersecurity of that infrastructure. would you please share with us a little bit about how that program worked and your assessment? >> absolutely, thank you for the question. it was a great partnership between

s. military base at guantanamo has been described by some former detainees there as hell on earth. hundreds and hundreds of innocent people scooped up by the u. s. military and the cia and afghan, a stand pakistan and elsewhere.

donald trump would execute all his enemies, including barack obama, hillary clinton, or send them to guantanamo bay and author in a fascist utopia. they like this idea. this woman thought so and she was there to rescue the children being kept in underground tunnels. all this crazy stuff. she would ultimately be arrested. when you look at other people who are charged, over 60 q and nonbelievers who were arrested because of the roles and generate sixth, several people died including ashli babbitt who were convinced of the storm. qanon had a big role providing that manpower. when you promise people all of your problems will be solved and your debts will be abolished, your political enemies and people you hate, it will help lead up to the violence. should we move to jfk junior? so a faction of q and nonbelievers, for the life of me i don't understand, they think jfk junior faked his death in the 1990's in a plane crash to reemerge and help donald trump take on the cabal. where it gets really interesting, roughly 30% of q and nonbelievers, where it gets interesting is there are specific guys they th

i thought i could wind up in guantanamo bay. i still think i could.in. he's obsessed sometimes. i don't know. he went on a tear for about eight months when he was president every time he would have a rally. i have a list three pages long of the things he's called me. >> bill maher, everybody know bill maher, a radical left maniac with modest television ratings. >> the press nut job, low rating sleaze bag. and he was doing it again last week. he doesn't like i'm on cnn. i don't know why that gets to him. he doesn't like -- >> oh, he's doing it now since you started doing the thing on friday nights. >> yes. he doesn't like that. >> on truth social he does it. >> or in a rally. he doesn't like that fox quotes me. when fox quotes me, you know, of course, fox will watch one of my shows, 90% of it might be something they -- material they hate, they take out of it. >> the even liberal big maher, they do to you every time. >> we hate this guy, he's awful. but you know, he said one good thing. and trump that drives -- so i don't know. so i am afraid of trump o

in a nation that sent hundreds of accused detainees to a gulag at guantÁnamo bay, since 2002, and nonebecause they were tortured. so the testimonies unusable. bush's lives further destroyed americans trust in government and broke our politics, giving lies to none other than donald trump, who during his 2016 campaign, pointed to the lies and bad decisions by bush's team, as his argument, to voters. despite the fact that when it started, he supported the war. most importantly, though, there is a devastating human toll of that catastrophic war that began two decades ago today. a brown university study found between 275 and 306,000 iraqi civilians were killed by direct violence following the u.s. invasion, in addition to more than 1000 american military personnel and contractors who lost their lives, and tens of thousands injured. joining me now is jon soltz, chairman of votevets. he is a two tour iraq war veteran, serving as u.s. army captain during the initial invasion, and is a major at the end of the war. jon, i'm so glad that you are available to talk to me today. to me, one of the bi

i thought i could wind up in guantÁnamo bay. i think i still could.eight months when he was president. every time he had a rally. i have a list of three pages long of the things he has called me. >> phil maher. everybody know bill maher? he is a radical left maniac with modest television ratings. modest. >> depressed nut job. low ratings sleeps back. and he was doing it again last week. he doesn't like that i am on cnn. i don't know why that gets to him. he doesn't like -- >> he's doing it now? >> he's doing it now. yes. he doesn't like that. -- or in a rally. he doesn't like that fox quotes me. when fox coats me. of course, fox will watch for my shows. 90% of it might be something they hate but they take out of it. they do the even liberal bill maher. that's what they do every time. >> if the preface it by saying look, we hate the sky, he is awful but the he said one good thing. and trump -- i don't know. so i am afraid of trump on a very personal level. i don't think he likes me. i understand why. and i don't know what he would do in the second term

our it director had also just finished serving in guantc serving in guantanamo bay. i called him in utilizing rd general curtis as a consultant once we had the initial task force set up we knew what to do internally. it took us more work after i do that is i think a best practices that other states might want to look at because it was very strategic and we were able to get more resources and the communication with the support of how we neededto get it all hands-on . >> my next question is for supervisor anderson. one thing implemented in florida was the joint elections security initiative which was the first of its kind partnership between and local election officials who work together truly to integrate the cyber security risk assessment and review of our infrastructure to strengthen cyber security physical posture of that. would you share how the program works in your assessment of what it is significant? >> thank you for the question. it was a partnership to the florida department of state when terry laura lee and it was unprecedented because now all 67 counties a

i thought i could wind up in guantanamo bay. i think i still could.last week again, so i'm afraid of trump on a very personal level. howard: maher also revealed why he no longer gets booed by some in the audience. >> about five years we did concern i don't know what they did with the audience, but they got rid of the groaners, and it made my life so much better. and there are people who actually say to me, oh, i miss the days when you used to fight with the audience. maybe you co, but i don't. [laughter] howe i don't know, a stand-up comic should be able to handle a few groans. that's it for this edition decision of "mediabuzz." subscribe to my podcast, apple itunes is a good praise to do it. kellyanne conway and her husband announced they are getting divorced, nobody could be shocked by this given all the animosity that happened when she was working in the trump white house. donald trump posted congratulations and attacked her husband, i thought that was odd. back here next sunday, 11 eastern. we'll see you then with the latest buzz. ♪ all across the