we have seen guestworkers. it brought an the largest guestworker program. guestworker models are popular globally. guestworker models are used across europe, across the middle east, and what we know about the bracero program? it was the largest guestworker program in the americas and became a model for programs elsewhere. you can think about the ways in which they shaped other policies around guestworkers. how many of you actually have family members that came in through the bracero program? one? usually it is more. it's a couple. the guestworker program really affected migration history. what is this program? it was a binational agreement between mexico and the united states that allowed mexicans to enter the u.s. on temporary work permits. that means they entered the u.s. legally. they had a legal permit. they have the status. gabby was correct to say it was started during the proceeds labor shortage of world war ii. a lot of people have argued that after the work was terminated after the war ended guestworkers continued to come in. why did they continue

as guestworkers. it examines the experiences of the workers. this is about one hour and 10 minutes. >> we are towards the end of the semester. i decided to talk about this. the braceros. bracero history. we will talk about it more in depth. we will talk about the article. i'm going to tell you a little bit about how i started being interested in braceros.

alternatively, guestworker status meant only to last for a few years and solidified into multigenerationalinclusion into society. legality a life of the in daily fear of being picked up and forced to return to a worse life. the fact that hundreds of thousands of an coming for decades speaks to the abject misery of the conditions they left behind. also european failure. add to this, more than one million refugees currently streaming to europe from syria and afghanistan, chaos, poverty, and oppression, and you have a truly potent mix for trouble. my guess is that a great arerity of these refugees bent only on sanctuary, not on creating harm. but they are easily used as cover. no doubt some of them are vulnerable as potential tools. some may in reality be terrorist infiltrators. this is something that we have to be aware of and is far as i know, our security services are. but the very alliance of the situation is of course heightened by the vulnerabilities of lack of from then capabilities technical. you understand what i mean. the countries that these people migrate to from declining maybe i

without education, social inclusion, or economic old -- economic opportunity, or alternatively, guestworker status solidified into multigenerational homes without citizenship. or simply, a life of illegality, lived in daily fear of being picked up and returned to an even worse like. the fact that hundreds of thousands of human beings are willing to endure some form of this for decades speaks to the abject misery of the conditions they left behind. but it is also a european failure. add to this, more than a million refugees from syria and afghanistan, from chaos, poverty, and depression, and you have a truly potent mix for trouble. my guess is that the great majority of these refugees are sanctuary, not on creating harm, but they are easily abused. no doubt, some are vulnerable as potential tools. -- some made the in reality may the in reality terrorist infiltrated. but this situation is heightened by the there is own abilities and lack of sorption -- lack of absorption capabilities from the countries these people migrate to, from declining industries, joblessness, and complete lack of exper