gunther gass dies at age 87. and german chancellor merkel opens the world's largest industrial trade fair. tributes are pouring in for germany's greatest writer -- for one of germany's greatest writers, gunther gass. he had a body of work that includes his masterpiece, the tin drum. he was a polarizing figure, criticizing political movements on the left and right. seen for decades as an embodiment of he served in the ss during world war ii. steve: it is his literary magazine he will be remembered for. the german president embracing for capturing the fears and longings for generations. >> he made an appearance to celebrate the opening of the state -- of a stage adaptation of his most popular work, the tin drum. edit just on whether the question of ordinary germans were responsible for nazi germany. >> it is as if evil spirits came along and seduced the poor german people. as a teenager i knew that was false. >> born in 1927 he fond in world war ii, eventually taken prisoner by u.s. forces. he trained as a stonemas

this is a gunther's quadrant. it was invented in the early 17th century. it relies on the north star, polaris. they have to rely on polaris because unlike every other star in the sky, polaris is relatively fixed in place. if you can measure the distance from polaris to the horizon, you can figure out your latitude. it is a very simple system. all you would do is peer through these two holes until you sight ed the north star. you see where the bob lead. you take down the bearing. that would tell you the angle between the two, and thus your latitude . this is also not perfect because the north star is only visible in the northern hemisphere. if you go south of the equator this is just a piece of whatood. it does not do you a lot of good. it can be used to measure the angle to the sun. no matter where you are north or south of the equator, with extreme exceptions, you are going to see the sun. if you can measure the distance between the sun and the horizon at solar noon, when the sun is at its highest point, that will give you your latitude. all you have to d

gunther is the same 1 -- kyle: i am pretty sure it is the same one.stronomer in the 17th century. >> how well were they able to maintain and control speed? kyle: really good at it. this was the height of the age of sail. in the 18th century, they were masters. they have really got it. by the 19th century, they have really got it down. one of the things that benefits them is the wider availability of copper because the bottom of the ship would be fouled. all sorts of plants and barnacles would grab onto it. the more that grew, the slower the ship would get. we see accounts of the 18th century where they could see it coming off the back of the ship. it really dragged it down. by the early 19th century, everybody has copper. that keeps things from growing on it and it keeps the speed up. it keeps a more consistent and faster speed. that is one of the innovations. they had many others. by the early 19th century, they are very good at keeping the speed constant depending on the wind. that is the kicker. there is only so much you can do. >> what were some o

and the nobel prize winning author gunther gras dice at 87. gras dies at 87. >> we begin in yemen where the saudi led coalition has been intensifying its strikes on multiple targets in aden. including the presidential palace which is in houthi hands. and heavy fighting on the ground with tribesmen getting involved. the south of the country is especially important because of how close it is to the red sea and the gulf of aden, key shipping routes for oil. saudi arabia says it's turning up the pressure on the houthi rebels. >> translator: the air attacks amount amounted to 120 today and the number is going to increase. the militia will never be able to stay long. all the fronts have been busy. we're targeting all the infrastructures of the houthis. we're targeting their gatherings, we're targeting their command centers. >> from inside saudi arabia as well troops have been firing heavy artillery from jazan province. liddy dutt has more now on the fight for yemen. >> on the ground, fighting between houthis and tribesmen continues in the port city

and then there is gunther. [inaudible] she did get back from the war and mrs. joanna. she who only wanted to be in america, she loved coming back to the united states. she came back to settle in california and then she became a proud reagan volunteer. [laughter] and so here is ingrid and her family in honolulu. this is her the last time that i interviewed her and in the course of my career as a journalist a single subject is always fascinating me. it is confronting the universal question why do good people suffer. in my own life that has often been phrased in a less traumatic way than the new lives suffering, after all is universal as part of the human condition and we lose people that we love and we go on and it happens to all of us. but the question is what then do we do when we do not know what to do. over the course of my research the characters of my book provided me with many new answers to back this dilemma up. often i was extremely inspired by the japanese idea which means to persevere in the face of unendurable suffering. but they

. >> the famous german author and nobel laureate gunther grass has died. he was awarded the now bell prize for literature in 1999. he was 87. >>> a rare hand-written note book written by famed british mathematician alan turing just as he was working to break the nazi code. it shed light on his work and his life. >> who are you? >> alan turing. >> the hit movie that brought the incredible work of alan turing to a wider audience. >> what are we going to be doing? >> we're going to be breaking a nazi code and win the war. >> oh. >> a rare glimpse inside the workings of his mind is going on auction. a humble notebook and a piece of mathematic history is expected to reach more than $1 million. >> this is the very first time we've been able to see his notes and how he went about figuring things out. and again because there are no other known manuscripts by him this makes this a truly unique piece. >> in the notes kept private until now turing grapples with mathematical theories describing hateful in a fit of frustration. surprisingly for for a math genius he adm