i think the reason was haiti. i was shocked by haiti. and i think when i came back, i was -- i tried -- a spent a lot of time and energy trying to reconcile the fact that haiti was my own privilege to american life. trying to hang on to my conviction that i had earned all of my privileges. the problem like that, it it falls apart the minute you take it. i think i knew from the start if started following him around, if he let me, it would disturb my peace of mind. zp around 2000, late 1999, i got in touch with him. and he invited me to come and see him at the women's hospital in boston. and then he invited me to follow him around for a month. a i did an article about him. i later learned -- and then after that, i asked for access to go on and write a book. which he granted. although it took him a while to do that. i don't think he really wanted this. what i've heard since then from a couple of his closest colleagues when i post the magazine profile said something to the effect of, we're broke as a usual. not enough people know about the w

i remember ophelia told me a story from long ago when she was 18 and she was in haiti.she was looking at port-au-prince out of this huge slum and ophelia felt this wave of hopelessness. i didn't see how they could begin to do anything to fix these problems. paul put his hand on the shoulder and said let's see what we can do in one little place, so they started their and now they treat a six of the country and yep partnerships with everyone who will be partners with them. i think maybe is a general principle, i should shut up pretty soon because i don't know too much about this but i do think there's a real problem with the integration, the lack of integration among the various projects. there's something on the order of 10,000 ngo's, non-governmental, private organizations working in haiti and look to the results. it is terrific. that might be a clue that there's something wrong with the way this thing done and one of the things that is clary-- clearly wrong is the lack of integration. until it has deforestation every significant rainstorm a continue to drum of the peop

host: it you are in africa, haiti, how does this work?ou get the contact, would you get the money -- where do you get the money, how to pay back the individual? guest: when i was in bangladesh -- they started a process that has been replicated around the world. they said a local organization staffed with local people that goes into the urban community, the village, and say to someone that if you want to create your own job, we can create finance for you, and we will make it easy for you to repay it come over the course of a year in many cases, and that will give you time to get your capital rotating and grow your business. host: is that the message of your book, "small loans, big dreams"? guest: exactly. i spent time to see what happens when a number of women who get the finance that they need to create their own jobs, and the ripple effect throughout the community, and throughout that time period, a look at what was happening in the urban environment, chicago, how it was being applied there, and that is what the book covers. host: i want

literally the hell with the colonies, the hell with coffee, the hell with all the products and sugar of haitiand he decided to look territory go. >> who made the offer first, the americans or the [inaudible] >> it went both ways. there were hints. the problem is the foreign minister was getting involved in the negotiations, and napoleon didn't trust him, and the americans didn't trust him so this thing went around in circles and was finally negotiations between the police and's representatives and monroe that settled the deal. yes, sir? >> you mentioned on his way to france to purchase the island of new orleans he also signed -- he took out a 6 million-dollar loan. what did he used for collateral to make that purchase? >> just his signature. he could talk people into anything. he was a mild, gentle fellow. one can only guess what the accent's were like in those days with a part of british, were they the soft virginia accent that still lexus did when i was a boy and has disappeared now, but he could talk -- you just trusted the man. [laughter] and he just talked them into lending $6 million. >

but places like haiti, ntaminated water brings typhd and even death. but as temratures rise and imate zones shift, wont some ples benefit as others suffer? sure, says jonathan patz-- t former sovt union will have a longer growing sean, but he says lers will outnumber wiers. >> a mority of agricultural areas will suffe and the verse effects will outweigh the benefial effects. >> suare in developing nations, the increasin temperatures could affecthe ability to beconomically productive. ashe world's poorest people try to work themsees out of poverty, the clites they live in are making it harder toork rd. dr. tord kjellstrom studs the effects of climate on work. and as the only way to protect your body from oveeat and heatstroke, which may ev kill you, is to tually slow down work. it means you are ls efficient the work you do. and you t less income. if you are an agricultural rker who is cutting sugar ca in nicaragua, r instance, you will produce less gar per day ift's very hot and you get paid less. >> suarez: rising heatevels, according to kjellstrom,s a

doctor, harvard professor who shows that it is possible to help the most separate of poor people in haiti, peru, cuba, and russia. i won't tell you much about our new book. but "the new york times" wrote of it that mr. kidder has a mast industry of complex topics. this book is at its finest the examination of the nature of human charity and goodwill. tracy kidder is a master of nonfiction knavetives. please welcome with tracy kidder. [applause] >> thank you. it's nice to be here. i'm going to talk a while and read a little, and i'm going to show you some pictures. i prayed that the story has not been told, i'm going to tell it again. a young medical student theirly survived the onset of the native war of burundi. he survives because he left the door to his room open and the men who would have killed him assumed he had already fled. he made a 6-month long on escape and then from the genocide in rwanda and then back to burundi and almost by accident he got transported to new york city. he arrived at jfk with $200, no english, a visa obtained under false pretenses, although that has been fix

they also participated in haiti, the work in haiti. host: in 1994? guest: wright, 1994, 1995. are involved in the global war on terrorism. they have had two rotations in iraq and one in afghanistan. they are scheduled to go back to iraq. based on the last mission, it will be changing. a very honorable division. my memories are fantastic. host: lincoln, nebraska. go ahead. caller: i salute your service to the nation, general. my question, the prime minister of iraq has said that most of the slaughter occuring in iraq is because of the neighboring countries supporting those terrorists. how long will the united states continued dialogue with countries that are small -- slaughtering civilians in iraq? before they take some action to put a stop to these terrorists? guest: thank you for your question. did there have been recent discussions about what has caused these recent attacks. the prime minister, as did -- prime minister credited the recent attacks to al qaeda. but there is another insurgent movement in iraq. it is a nationalist movement. it is focused on the former regime. th

as a kid in 1964 i remember, eight years old and barry goldwater's speed all the racist haiti can.ear many conservative, right- wing republicans always want to: barry goldwater, yet you never go back to his change of heart. the same meeting with mr. kkk byrd that we know from west virginia and his thought process. if we get to be one, a few mr.tapscott listen to mr. solomon a little more and get away from the no and try to get a little more to the yes, . can't mr. solomon, a want to applaud you for your intelligence and intentions. host: we will stop you there to let the harvard debate continue. guest: this was your brother, right? if guest: not literally, anyway. guest: where do i start? i commend the caller for his passion. it is too bad we don't have more for american politics today. i would simply say that the caller obviously has a the conventional wisdom of american academia today which is that somehow these evil europeans came to america and took over and murdered and killed for 300 years. that is a total misreading of american, western history. people who have that perspect

you also quote the work of paul farmer who is renowned for his work in haiti and rwanda saying that in essence you've got to take care of the people. and i want to have you explain wa you saw in terms of the basic necessities that the afghan people are looking for, food, shelter, clean water. >> water. you know, i had an amazing experience when i went to har at which is in the west near the iranian border, and i went to watch the work of a man from the philadelphia area who has a small found yathes called traveling mers mercis and what he does is build water projects. he is sort of a water version of greg morton son who builds schools. when he has enough money which is usually only about $20,000 is necessary, to bring clean water to a village of several thousand families. and he brings in the piping, the pumps, the technical expertise. he works with local afghan engineers in har rat he works with a wonderful engineer from the water department there and he connects up sometimes there are mainline pipes in cities but they don't have extensions that go out to poor slum neighborhoods. he u

you see it in haiti, you see it in india. four billion of them out there today.can't we do the same thing on healthcare? government can't do it, entrepreneurs can. in terms of ronald reagan, his performance was very real. what he inherited after the 1970's, high inflation, 18% mortgage rates, 21% somewhere rates, higher unemployment than what we have today. as a result of his policies, inflation plummeted, interest rates came down, the u.s. became a font of innovation, and they created more jobs under his watch and subsequent watches of more jobs in western europe and japan put together. so overall, not a bad record and one that i think any president today would love to grab on to. host: to our republican line next. steve is from parksville, mfment you're on. caller: yes, good morning, mr. forbes. i've been following up for many, many years. guest: good morning. caller: one of the questions i'd like to you play somewhat of an economic north radio come as for just a minute. the -- an economic north dam us for just a minute. we have situations in iraq and afghanist

as a kid in 1964 i remember, eight years old and barry goldwater's speed all the racist haiti can.servative, right- wing republicans always want to: barry goldwater, yet you never go back to his change of heart. the same meeting with mr. kkk byrd that we know from west virginia and his thought process. if we get to be one, a few mr.tapscott listen to mr. solomon a little more and get away from the no and try to get a little more to the yes, . can't mr. solomon, a want to applaud you for your intelligence and intentions. host: we will stop you there to let the harvard debate continue. guest: this was your brother, right? if guest: not literally, anyway. guest: where do i start? i commend the caller for his passion. it is too bad we don't have more for american politics today. i would simply say that the caller obviously has a the conventional wisdom of american academia today which is that somehow these evil europeans came to america and took over and murdered and killed for 300 years. that is a total misreading of american, western history. people who have that perspective are not

i have seen this in haiti where there was a situation where a woman would walk 7 miles every day to buy bread for dollar and then come back and sell abroad for a total of a $50. -- sell the bread for a total of $2. 50% of the profit was in interest every day. all you had to do was loaned these women two dollars for one year and a no interest loan and it would double their income every day. microphones can make a huge difference. -- microbes loans can make a huge difference. you can change people's lives with several projects, paving a road, building a schoolhouse, paying a teacher for one year, having a non corrupt police officer. these can make huge differences in the quality of people's lives. host: is the president expected to address a situation like that this evening? guest: i think he will address some of that and say it is not just in military operation. in fact, it is just a preamble to what you want to do. in many ways, our biggest enemy is not the taliban, but the corrupt government. if you can get better government -- and that is very much a civilian effort -- then you can ch

you see it in haiti, you see it in india. four billion of them out there today.e do the same thing on healthcare? government can't do it, entrepreneurs can. in terms of ronald reagan, his performance was very real. what he inherited after the 1970's, high inflation, 18% mortgage rates, 21% somewhere rates, higher unemployment than what we have today. as a result of his policies, inflation plummeted, interest rates came down, the u.s. became a font of innovation, and they created more jobs under his watch and subsequent watches of more jobs in western europe and japan put together. so overall, not a bad record and one that i think any president today would love to grab on to. host: to our republican line next. steve is from parksville, mfment you're on. caller: yes, good morning, mr. forbes. i've been following up for many, many years. guest: good morning. caller: one of the questions i'd like to you play somewhat of an economic north radio come as for just a minute. the -- an economic north dam us for just a minute. we have situations in iraq and afghanistan, and

our plan is to use this to buy assets from the banks lousy loans from the banks but he decided the haiti putting money in the bank's, buying shares in the banks, and so he seems to close the door on something that within days they end up doing and that's never good in a crisis. pascrell and paulson who was not very experienced also went up with what i remember as a one or two page description of what they were going to do which the congress found rather insulting. this code was kind of funny i think that the -- well, not funny. the treasury view, their position as congress told us don't try to write the law. tell us what you need and let us write it, much the way president obama has done on the health care. we're right and they made the mistake is it that is where you are going to do you should write a letter and say i need your help on these objectives. instead they write something that looks like the law and it looks like a grant of almost unlimited authority to the treasury and the defense says no court shall ever be able to oversee this. so there was a tactical mistake and it blew up

you see it in haiti, you see it in india. four billion of them out there today.y can't we do the same thing on healthcare? government can't do it, entrepreneurs can. in terms of ronald reagan, his performance was very real. what he inherited after the 1970's, high inflation, 18% mortgage rates, 21% somewhere rates, higher unemployment than what we have today. as a result of his policies, inflation plummeted, interest rates came down, the u.s. became a font of innovation, and they created more jobs under his watch and subsequent watches of more jobs in western europe and japan put together. so overall, not a bad record and one that i think any president today would love to grab on to. host: to our republican line next. steve is from parksville, mfment you're on. caller: yes, good morning, mr. forbes. i've been following up for many, many years. guest: good morning. caller: one of the questions i'd like to you play somewhat of an economic north radio come as for just a minute. the -- an economic north dam us for just a minute. we have situations in iraq and afghani

we have a tremendous lineage going back to world war ii, and they also participate in haiti. . host: in 1994? guest: wright, 1994, 1995. they are involved in the global war on terrorism. they have had two rotations in iraq and one in afghanistan. they are scheduled to go back to iraq. based on the last mission, it will be changing. a very honorable division. my memories are fantastic. host: lincoln, nebraska. go ahead. caller: i salute your service to the nation, general. my question, the prime minister of iraq has said that most of the slaughter occuring in iraq is because of the neighboring countries supporting those terrorists. how long will the united states continued dialogue with countries that are small -- slaughtering civilians in iraq? before they take some action to put a stop to these terrorists? guest: thank you for your question. did there have been recent discussions about what has caused these recent attacks. the prime minister, as did -- prime minister credited the recent attacks to al qaeda. but there is another insurgent movement in iraq. it is a nationalist m

host: it you are in africa, haiti, how does this work?get the contact, would you get the money -- where do you get the money, how to pay back the individual? guest: when i was in bangladesh -- they started a process that has been replicated around the world. they said a local organization staffed with local people that goes into the urban community, the village, and say to someone that if you want to create your own job, we can create finance for you, and we will make it easy for you to repay it come over the course of a year in many cases, and that will give you time to get your capital rotating and grow your business. host: is that the message of your book, "small loans, big dreams"? guest: exactly. i spent time to see what happens when a number of women who get the finance that they need to create their own jobs, 4d%@"$$"" pple effect throughout host: some of the photographs in the book. as you look at these faces from individuals from ethiopia and bangladesh, one of the common themes is that these individuals are in countries that are

i have seen this in haiti where there was a situation where a woman would walk 7 miles every day to buybread for dollar and then come back and sell abroad for a total of a $50. -- sell the bread for a total of $2. 50% of the profit was in interest every day. all you had to do was loaned these women two dollars for one year and a no interest loan and it would double their income every day. microphones can make a huge difference. -- microbes loans can make a huge difference. you can change people's lives with several projects, paving a road, building a schoolhouse, paying a teacher for one year, having a non corrupt police officer. these can make huge differences in the quality of people's lives. host: is the president expected to address a situation like that this evening? guest: i think he will address some of that and say it is not just in military operation. in fact, it is just a preamble to what you want to do. in many ways, our biggest enemy is not the taliban, but the corrupt government. if you can get better government -- and that is very much a civilian effort -- then you can cha

you see it in haiti, you see it in india. four billion of them out there today.y can't we do the same thing on healthcare? government can't do it, entrepreneurs can. in terms of ronald reagan, his performance was very real. what he inherited after the 1970's, high inflation, 18% mortgage rates, 21% somewhere rates, higher unemployment than what we have today. as a result of his policies, inflation plummeted, interest rates came down, the u.s. became a font of innovation, and they created more jobs under his watch and subsequent watches of more jobs in western europe and japan put together. so overall, not a bad record and one that i think any president today would love to grab on to. host: to our republican line next. steve is from parksville, mfment you're on. caller: yes, good morning, mr. forbes. i've been following up for many, many years. guest: good morning. caller: one of the questions i'd like to you play somewhat of an economic north radio come as for just a minute. the -- an economic north dam us for just a minute. we have situations in iraq and afghani

i have seen this personally in haiti where there was a situation at which women would walk about seven miles every day, buy bread for a dollar, and then come back and sell the bread for a total of a $1.50, for $2 but 50% of their profit, the $1 profit was in interest and they had to pay interest every day. all you have to do is loan each of these women $2 for one year, at no-interest loan, at end of year goes back to $2. and they double their income every day. so microloans in the third world can make a huge difference. i would be real supporter of that. as i said i lived in afghanistan. you can really change the nature of people's lives with small, simple projects. paving a road, building a bridge, building a schoolhouse. paying for one teacher for one year. having a non-corrupt police officer. these are make huge differences in quality of people's lives. >> host: is the president expected to address any issues like in this evening? >> guest: i think he will speak to it a degree say this is not just a military operation. in fact the military operation is just a preamble to what you re