freud did, halstead did. but halstead was injecting it. freud often took it with water or sniffed it. halstead was injecting it to find out how far he could go with the numbing, and within a matter of weeks, he became a nor rid cocaine addict as did most of his fellows and assistants who helped work on this. and it came to a head where halstead stopped going to meetings, you know, medical meetings, he stopped going to classes. by the way, i forgot to mention, halstead invented the surgical rubber glove, the iconic symbol of surgery, modern surgery. if that's not a detail important enough. and halstead was called down to the operating room, the stent room to see -- the accident room to see a patient who had broken their tibia bone so badly that it was coming out of the skin. that's called a compound fracture. back in the 1880s that was something you rarely survived because of infection. and he was so high on cocaine he walked away from the table and said, i can't do this. and he went home, and he skittered away the next several months high