s called hanoi hilton, the zoo, and alcatraz. he endured merciless beatings as well as solitary confinement for four years. as a senior officer, he was a leader among the prisoners and rebelled against their brutal efforts to extract propaganda. he refused, explained in an interview to "the new york times" -- quote -- "i put out the policy that they were not to succumb to threats but must stand up and say no. we forced them to be brutal to us" -- close quote. he wrote a memoir "when hell was in session" which is a fabulous book. too little appreciated, really. recounting his time as a p.o.w. he describes a torture session in which his captors placed him in a nine foot cement-filled -- placed a nine-foot cement-filled bar across his shins. he wrote that his captors stood on him and took turns jumping up and down and rolling it across my legs. then they lifted my arms behind my back, by the cuffs, raising the top part of my body off the floor and dragging me around and around. this went on for hours. they were in a frenzy, alternat