>> no, it is organized by the ancient order of harburnians, the fraternal group. by the time you get to the 1870s and the wake of the civil war, irish americans were quite convinced they could be legitimately irish and legitimately american at the same time and that the two things weren't incompatible and that remains the way things proceed through the rest of the 19th century for the most part. there is ups and downs. we read about the rise of the american protective association, the resurgence of nativism in the late 1880s and 1890s and there is always friction and debates and disagreements about schooling and catholics are quite suspicious of public schools which they see as essentially vehicles for converting people to protestant faith or protestant faiths i should say, so there is friction but the essential claim the irish make to being american citizens remains very powerful and persists into the 20th century. this is true for germans as well. if you did a similar kind of case study looking at the way the germans are integrated civically while retaining thei